70 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1945, Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hnub Pomeranian tau pib. Kev ua haujlwm no, hais txog nws qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txiaj ntsig, tau dhau los ua ib qho haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1945 kev sib tw yeej. Nws tau xaus nrog kev ua tiav ntawm pab pawg German, pab pawg Vistula, thiab kev dim ntawm Sab Hnub Pomerania thiab tag nrho ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Baltic Hiav Txwv los ntawm Danzig (Gdansk) thiab Gdynia mus rau lub qhov ncauj ntawm Oder los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Raws li qhov kev swb ntawm Pomeranian pab pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, uas tau nce qib hauv nruab nrab (Berlin) kev taw qhia, raug tshem tawm, uas dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kom yeej qhov kawg ntawm Great Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, Soviet pab tub rog ua tiav qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov neeg Polish, rov qab lawv thawj thaj av Slavic ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic, suav nrog Pomerania-Pomorie.
Qhov xwm txheej ua ntej sib ntaus sib tua
Kev ua haujlwm sab hnub tuaj Pomeranian tau ua tiav nyob rau lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm kev ua phem loj ntawm Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau Lub Ib Hlis 1945, uas tau ua tiav qhov kev kov yeej ntawm kev muaj zog thiab sib sib zog nqus cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv ntawm Vistula thiab Oder, swb ntawm cov tub rog German hauv Western Poland, tshem tawm ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 1st Belarusian thiab 1st Ukrainian fronts ntawm tus dej Oder thiab Neisse (Ua ntej lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.. Insterburg-Königsberg thiab Mlavsko-Elbing cov haujlwm), Berlin ua haujlwm ntawm 1st thiab 2nd 1st Belarusian thiab 1st Ukrainian fronts. Qhov tseeb, Sab Hnub Pomeranian kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim hauv Vistula-Oder thiab East Prussian cov haujlwm thiab dhau los ua txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua phem rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm Red Army.
Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj cai tswjfwm zoo ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej, qhov xwm txheej txawv thiab nyuaj tau tsim. Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Kurland tau nyob puag ncig sab hnub poob ntawm Latvia. Thaum thawj theem ntawm East Prussian kev ua haujlwm, East Prussian yeeb ncuab pawg tau muab faib ua peb pawg, suav nrog Koenigsberg garrison. Cov neeg Germans tseem tswj hwm Sab Hnub Pomerania, qhov uas lawv tau suav nrog pab pawg coob los xa kev tawm tsam ntawm sab nraub qaum thiab tom qab ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, uas tau hem Berlin.
Cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej, tau tawg los ntawm kev ua yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv ntawm Vistula, nrog cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog ntawm lub hauv paus tau mus txog Oder River thiab, hla txoj kab dej muaj zog kawg no ntawm txoj kev mus rau German peev, tau nqa cov choj hla nws lub txhab nyiaj sab laug hauv cheeb tsam Kustrin thiab Frankfurt-on-Oder. Cov tub rog ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 1st Belorussian Front tau txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev tawm tsam txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Oder thiab txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov tub rog German nyob hauv Kustrin thiab Frankfurt. Txoj cai tis ntawm lub hauv ntej tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev npog lub flank thiab nraub qaum los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Pomeranian pab pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Thaum pib Lub Ob Hlis 1945, qhov sib txawv 150-kis nrug deb tau tsim los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm sab xis ntawm 1st Belorussian Front thiab cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav nrog puag ncig East Prussian cov yeeb ncuab. Nws tau npog los ntawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog ntawm sab xis ntawm 1st Belorussian Front. Tsis muaj kev swb ntawm cov tub rog German hauv Pomerania, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev nce qib hauv Berlin kev coj.
Cov lus txib ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej, raws li qhov xwm txheej muaj yeej ntawm sab xis, raug yuam kom ntsuas nrawm txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tub rog los ntawm kev tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj los ntawm pab pawg East Pomeranian ntawm Wehrmacht. Kev swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Pomerania ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thim cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis rau kab ntawm tus dej Oder thiab txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin cov lus qhia. Qhov xwm txheej tub rog-nom tswv xav tau kev daws tam sim ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm kev xa cov tub rog German nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Pomerania thiab tshem tawm cov pab pawg nyob ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam Königsberg.
Lub luag haujlwm tshem tawm Pawg Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussian tau tso siab rau pab tub rog ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front. Nws tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev xa plaub pab tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front rau nws. Lub Stavka ntawm Cov Thawj Coj Loj tau xaj 2nd Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej nrog cov tub rog uas seem los kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab Sab Hnub Pomeranian pawg thiab nyob tag nrho ntawm Sab Hnub Pomerania - los ntawm Danzig (Gdansk) mus rau Stettin (Szczecin), mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic. Rokossovsky cov tub rog tau tawm tsam thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1945, nrog rau kev npaj me me lossis tsis muaj kev npaj.
Yog li, thaum xub thawj, txoj haujlwm tshem tawm Sab Hnub Pomeranian pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsum tau daws los ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front raws li cov lus txib ntawm Konstantin Rokossovsky. Txawm li cas los xij, Rokossovsky cov tub rog tau qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ncua ntev (kwv yees li ib hlis) nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia, kev xa plaub pab tub rog mus rau 3rd Belorussian Front. Kev tawm tsam tau pib yuav luag tsis muaj kev npaj thiab tshwm sim nyob rau qhov xwm txheej nyuaj ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tuaj tom ntej, hauv hav zoov thiab hav zoov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front tau tsim qeeb thiab tsis ntev. Cov tub rog German tsis tsuas yog tuav qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front, tab sis tseem txuas ntxiv ua kom tawv ncauj txhawm rau hla mus rau tom qab ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, nce lub zog ntawm Pomeranian pab pawg.
Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tshem tawm Pawg Pomeranian Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov lus txib siab tau txiav txim siab koom nrog pab tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm Georgy Zhukov. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm tau qhia cov tub rog ntawm sab xis ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej los npaj kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb kev coj ua hauv kev qhia dav dav ntawm Kolberg. Zhukov cov tub rog yuav tsum tawm tsam qhov tawv ncauj thiab tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German uas tau sim ua txhaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej sab hnub tuaj ntawm Oder, thiab mus rau tom qab ntawm pab pawg ntawm Soviet pab tub rog tsom mus rau Berlin, tib lub sijhawm npaj kev tawm tsam txhawm rau rhuav tshem hauv kev koom tes nrog 2nd Belorussian pem hauv ntej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab East Pomeranian pawg. Zhukov cov tub rog yuav tsum tawm tsam thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24.
Cov tub rog Soviet tua hluav taws los ntawm 122mm A-19 howitzer ntawm Danzig Street. Qhov chaw yees duab:
Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Front tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front thaum Lub Ob Hlis 8 tau qhia kom mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam nrog lub hauv paus thiab sab laug tis rau sab qaum teb thiab mus txog lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej thaum Lub Ob Hlis 20. Vistula, Dirschau, Butow, Rummelsburg, Neustättin. Nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, 1st Belorussian Front, tau txais cov tub rog 19th tshiab, xav tias yuav nce mus rau sab hnub poob, hauv kev coj ua ntawm Stettin thiab tso Danzig thiab Gdynia nrog nws sab xis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Rokossovsky cov tub rog yuav tsum nyob tag nrho sab hnub tuaj Pomerania thiab Baltic Hiav Txwv ntug dej hiav txwv.
Thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, 65th Army yuav tsum tau nce los ntawm Vistula tus choj nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, mus rau Chersk thiab ntxiv Byutov. Cov Tub Rog 49th tau txais txoj haujlwm los tsim kev tawm tsam ntawm Baldenberg, 70th Army nrog rau ib lub tank thiab ib lub tshuab ua haujlwm txuas nrog txhawm rau ntes Schlochau, Preuss-Friedland kab, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus rau hauv Tempelsburg. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub tshuab cua ntawm sab laug, Tus Saib Xyuas Thib Peb Lub Cavalry Corps tau txais txoj haujlwm los tuav Chojnice thiab Schlochau thaj tsam, tom qab ntawd nce mus rau Rummelsburg thiab Baldenberg.
Txawm li cas los xij, Thib Ob Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej, rau tus lej ntawm lub hom phiaj, tsis tuaj yeem daws teeb meem txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso tawm Sab Hnub Pomerania los ntawm cov tub rog Nazi. Yog li ntawd, Zhukov cov tub rog tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm no, 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej yuav tsum tau daws ntau txoj haujlwm: 1) kom rov tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm East Pomeranian pawg, uas tau sim ua kom hla mus rau tom qab ntawm Soviet pab pawg tau tsom mus rau kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin cov lus qhia; 2) kom tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab uas nyob ib puag ncig hauv thaj tsam ntawm Poznan, Schneidemühl, Deutsch-Krone thiab Arnswalde; 3) txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog tiv thaiv ntawm sab xis ntawm Oder nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Küstrin thiab Frankfurt-on-Oder; 4) txhawm rau tswj hwm thiab nthuav dav cov choj uas tau ntes ntawm ntug dej sab hnub poob ntawm Oder. Ib qho ntxiv, pem hauv ntej tau npaj rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tawm tsam Berlin. Raws li cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front tau nce qib nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, kev tsim ntawm 1st Belorussian Front uas tuav kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Pomeranian cov lus qhia tau raug tso tawm thiab, txav mus rau nws lub sijhawm thib ob, tau tsiv mus rau Berlin kev coj.
Tam sim no 1st Belorussian Front tau txuas nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab Pomeranian pawg. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Loj yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front, vim muaj kev tawm tsam ntau ntxiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, ncua kev tawm tsam. German High Command txuas ntxiv txhawb pab tub rog Vistula hauv kev rau siab tiv thaiv Soviet ua ntej ntawm Berlin. Txog qhov no, Cov Neeg German tau tsim pab pawg muaj zog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Pomerania, uas tau dai hla lub flank ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej thiab tsis muab nws txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin kev coj. Nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm pawg Pomeranian Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov neeg German vam tias yuav tshem tawm qhov ua tiav ntawm Lub Ib Hlis kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet pab tub rog ntawm Vistula thiab Oder. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum tuav Sab Hnub Pomerania qab lawv, cov neeg German tau khaws lub sijhawm los thim lawv cov tub rog tawm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia thiab tshem tawm pawg Courland.
Lub hauv paus Soviet, txhawm rau xaus cov yeeb ncuab pawg hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj Pomerania sai li sai tau thiab txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Berlin, txiav txim siab muab cov rog ntawm ob sab mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17 thiab 22, Stavka tau muab cov lus qhia rau cov thawj coj ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Belorussian fronts kom ua qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Cov phiaj xwm dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog txiav cov yeeb ncuab pawg hauv kev coj dav dav ntawm Neustettin, Kozlin, Kohlberg los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov kab sib txuas uas nyob ib sab ntawm 2nd thiab 1st Belorussian cov ntsej muag thiab, tsim kev tawm tsam nrog ib sab sab xis sab hnub poob, mus txog ntawm Oder, thiab nrog lub tis sab laug mus rau sab hnub tuaj mus rau Gdansk, rhuav tshem cov tub rog German.
Rokossovsky txiav txim siab los tua Kozlin nrog rau sab laug ntawm sab xub ntiag, qhov chaw Tub Rog Xyoo 19, txhawb nqa los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog thib 3, tau thim rov qab. Sab laug ntawm sab xub ntiag yog mus txog hiav txwv, thiab tom qab ntawd tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab nce mus rau Gdynia. Cov tub rog ntawm lub tis sab xis thiab nruab nrab ntawm pem hauv ntej - qhov kev poob siab thib ob, 65th, 49th thiab 70th pab tub rog, txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev tawm tsam sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, mus rau Gdansk thiab Gdynia. Lawv yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov pab pawg German nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm pab tub rog 19th.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 20, qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm 1st Belorussian Front tau txiav txim siab ua ntej mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv nyuaj thiab, nyob rau ob peb hnub (kom txog rau Lub Ob Hlis 25-26), los ntshav cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam rog nce los ntawm thaj chaw Stargard, thiab tom qab ntawd hla mus rau muaj zog counteroffensive. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm lub hauv ntej tau koom nrog - 61st thiab 2nd Guards Tank Armies, thiab ntxiv rau 1st Guards Tank Army los ntawm ob lub sijhawm. Thaum pib ntawm kev tawm tsam, Pab Pawg Shock thib 3 kuj tau pauv mus. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, mus rau Kohlberg thiab Cummin. Cov pab cuam tawm tsam tau xa los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st Army ntawm Polish Army ntawm sab xis thiab 47th Army ntawm sab laug, raws li Altdam.
Rau qhov kev ua tiav nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv thiab kev txhim kho qib siab ntawm kev tawm tsam, Zhukov tau npaj yuav pov ob lub tank tub rog mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej. Cov tub rog ntawm 1st Guards Tank Army tau txais txoj haujlwm los tuav Vangerin, Dramburg cheeb tsam, tom qab ntawd nce mus rau qhov kev taw qhia dav dav ntawm Kolberg, mus rau cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Guards Tank Army tau nce mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, thaum pib ntawm kev tawm tsam, ntes Freienwalde, Massov cheeb tsam, tom qab ntawd nce mus rau Cummin. Lub tshuab muaj zog los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm sab xub ntiag tau coj mus rau kev swb ntawm 11th pab tub rog German.
Yog li, lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ob sab caj npab thiab ob lub tank tub rog (61st, thib peb cov tub rog poob siab, 1st tus tiv thaiv lub tank thiab thib ob tiv thaiv lub tank tub rog), thiab cov flanks ntawm pab cuam ntaus tau xa los ntawm 1st Polish thiab 47th Kuv kuv yog tub rog.
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm German hais kom ua
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm German cov lus txib yog txhawm rau cuam tshuam kev ua phem ntawm Soviet pab tub rog ntawm Berlin ntawm tus nqi, kom sim thawb lawv rov qab hla Vistula txhawm rau kom tau sijhawm. Berlin tseem cia siab tias yuav pom cov lus sib tham nrog Anglo-American kev coj noj coj ua, xaus qhov kev tawm tsam nrog Western lub zog thiab khaws cov tub ntxhais ntawm Nazi tsoomfwv hauv tebchaws Yelemes thiab Austria. Tom qab kev ua rog nrog Sab Hnub Poob, nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv txhua lub zog mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Txuas ntxiv ua tsov rog, Berlin vam tias yuav hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb (kev sib cav ntawm cov phoojywg) thiab rau "riam phom txuj ci tseem ceeb". Yog li, muaj kev xav tias los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1945 lossis me ntsis tom qab, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tuaj yeem tau txais riam phom nuclear.
Txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, German cov lus txib tau npaj los tuav Courland tus choj nyob hauv Baltic States, thaj tsam Königsberg ntawm tus nqi twg, ua kom muaj zog Soviet tseem ceeb ntev los ntawm kev thaiv cov cheeb tsam no. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub rog Soviet vam tias yuav tiv lawv nrog kev tiv thaiv focal hauv cov nroog loj thiab yav dhau los cov chaw tiv thaiv nyob hauv Silesia (Breslau, Glogau), hauv Oder Valley (Küstrin thiab Frankfurt), nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia thiab Pomerania. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, German cov lus txib tau siv tag nrho cov peev txheej thiab peev txheej, suav nrog tshem tawm chav nyob ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, mus rau Sab Hnub Pomerania. Muaj kev mob siab rau pab pawg muaj zog hauv Pomerania, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tsim mobile, cov neeg German vam tias yuav xa lub zog loj mus rau sab nraub qaum thiab nraub qaum ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau nce qib hauv Berlin kev coj. Nrog kev txhim kho kev ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam, nws tau cia siab tias yuav rov qab los ntawm Vistula River, tshem tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Lub Ib Hlis kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army.
Nyob rau thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thaum pab pawg poob siab tau mob siab rau, cov tub rog ntawm thawj pawg ntawm Vistula pab pawg tau muab txoj haujlwm los ua kev tiv thaiv tawv tawv, tiv thaiv kev ua tiav ntawm Soviet pab tub rog mus rau qhov tob ntawm Sab Hnub Pomerania, sab sab. thiab los ntshav lawv.
Ib qho ntxiv, muaj phiaj xwm tawm tsam ntau ntxiv Cov tub rog German tau ua rau lub zog tawg tsis yog los ntawm Pomerania nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem los ntawm Glogau mus rau Poznan. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Wehrmacht yuav tsum tau coj mus rau kev khiav tawm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog los ntawm Western Poland, hla Vistula. Txawm li cas los xij, German cov lus txib tsis tuaj yeem ua txoj haujlwm no, vim tias tsis muaj lub sijhawm rau kev npaj, lossis tsis tsim nyog siv zog thiab txhais tau tias.
Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias Sab Hnub Pomerania tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv German kev lag luam - coob tus tub rog lag luam nyob ntawm no, thaj av yog qhov tseem ceeb ua liaj ua teb, muab Reich nrog mov ci, nqaij, qab zib thiab ntses. Cov hauv paus loj ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub lag luam tub rog ntawm German Lub Tebchaws tau nyob ntawm no.
Cov tub rog German ntawm kev taug kev hauv Pomerania
German easel 88-mm anti-tank grenade launchers "Puppchen" (Raketenwerfer 43 "Puppchen"), raug ntes los ntawm Red Army hauv ib lub nroog ntawm Pomerania
Soviet rog
Thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, 2nd Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej muaj plaub pab tub rog sib koom ua ke - 2nd Shock, 65th, 49th thiab 70th armies, txhawb nqa los ntawm 2 lub tank, tshuab thiab cavalry corps. Tom ntej no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Tub Rog Xeem 19 thiab Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib 3. Los ntawm huab cua, qhov kev tawm tsam tau txhawb los ntawm 4th Air Army. Pem hauv ntej suav nrog 45 rab phom thiab 3 pab tub rog sib cais, 3 lub tank, 1 lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab 1 pab tub rog tub rog, 1 lub tank cais tub rog thiab 1 thaj chaw muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, pem hauv ntej muaj ntau dua 560 txhiab tus tib neeg.
Ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej, rau rau pab tub rog tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm - 47th, 61st, 3rd Shock, 1st Polish, 1st Guards Tank thiab 2nd Guards Tank Armies. Los ntawm huab cua, cov tub rog hauv av tau txhawb los ntawm 6th Air Army. Txoj cai tis ntawm sab xub ntiag suav nrog 27 kev sib faib phom, 3 kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog, 4 lub tank thiab 2 tus neeg kho tshuab, 2 lub tank sib cais, 1 tus kheej siv rab phom loj thiab 1 thaj tsam muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 359 txhiab tus tib neeg, ntxiv rau ntau dua 75 txhiab tus tub rog Polish (5 pawg tub rog tawg rog, cov tub rog caij tsheb thiab cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam).
Yog li, cov tub rog Soviet (suav nrog Tus Tsov Rog) suav txog 1 lab tus tib neeg (78 rab phom thiab cov tub rog sib cais, 5 pab tub rog Polish, 10 lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab cov tub rog, 2 thaj chaw muaj zog, thiab lwm yam).
Soviet hnyav tank IS-2 ntawm txoj kev hauv Stargard nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Pomerania
Germanic rog. Kws muaj txuj ci
Sab Hnub Pomerania tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Vistula nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm SS Reichsfuehrer Heinrich Himmler. Nws suav nrog cov tub rog thib 2, 11th, pab tub rog thib 3, uas muaj ntau dua 30 pawg thiab pawg tub rog, suav nrog 8 pawg sib faib tsheb thiab 3 pawg tub rog. Twb tau nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib faib tau raug coj mus rau 40. Ntxiv rau, Sab Hnub Pomeranian pab pawg suav nrog cov lej tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais thiab cov tub rog tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, cov tub rog, cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog loj, thiab cov tub rog tub rog. Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, cov tub rog hauv av tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov tub rog siv phom loj. Los ntawm huab cua, cov tub rog hauv av tau txhawb los ntawm ib feem ntawm 6th Air Fleet (300 lub tsheb).
2nd Field Army raws li cov lus txib ntawm Walter Weiss (txij Lub Peb Hlis Dietrich von Sauken) tuav txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front. Ntawm sab laug, Pawg Tub Rog 20 thiab 23 thiab Pab Pawg Rappard tau tiv thaiv. Lawv muaj txoj haujlwm nyob ntawm ntug dej Nogat thiab Vistula dej, thiab tseem tuav lub Graudenz fortress. Hauv nruab nrab thiab ntawm sab xis, cov chav ntawm 27th Army, 46th Tank thiab 18th Rifle Corps tiv thaiv. Hauv thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj txog 12 qhov kev sib faib, hauv qhov thib ob, suav nrog cov peev txheej, 4-6 kev faib ua feem.
11th Army ntawm Anton Grasser (tsim tshiab 11th SS Panzer Army, 1st tsim pab tub rog raug tua nyob rau hauv Crimea) tuav txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm 1st Belorussian Front. Nws suav nrog kev tsim ntawm pab tub rog thib 2, Thib 3 thiab 39th Panzer Corps, 10th SS Corps, Corps Group "Tettau", ob Landwehr thiab peb qhov kev faib cais.
Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog no, German cov lus txib tau hloov pauv mus rau Sab Hnub Pomerania, uas yav dhau los tau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws kab tom qab ntawm Oder los ntawm Stettin Bay mus rau Schwedt. Los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia mus rau Pomerania, chav nyob ntawm 3 Panzer Army tau pib pauv mus. Cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 3 Panzer tau ua tus saib xyuas pawg tub rog thib 11, 7th Panzer Corps thiab 16th SS Corps, uas yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Vistula. German High Command tau npaj los ntxiv dag zog rau Sab Hnub Pomeranian nrog 6 Panzer Army, uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tswv yim Soviet-German pem hauv ntej, 6 Panzer Army tau xa mus rau Budapest. Feem ntau, pab pawg German ua ntej Lub Ob Hlis 10 muaj 10 tus tub rog, suav nrog 4 tus tub rog tub rog, sib koom ua ke hauv peb pab tub rog, ob tus tuav kev tiv thaiv thawj kab, thib peb yog nyob hauv qhov tshwj tseg.
Ib qho ntxiv, puag ncig pab pawg yeeb ncuab txuas ntxiv tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Soviet tom qab: hauv thaj tsam Schneidemühl - txog 3 qhov kev sib tua tub rog (kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus tub rog), hauv Deutsch -Krone cheeb tsam - txog 7 txhiab tus neeg; Arnswalde - txog 2 kev sib faib (20 txhiab tus neeg). Raws li Soviet kev txawj ntse, Pab Pawg Sab Hnub Pomeranian tau ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv tub rog hauv Courland thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia.
Pomerania yog lub tiaj tiaj tiaj uas npog los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm cov hav zoov. Kashubian thiab Pomeranian Uplands, nrog rau ntau lub pas dej nrog nqaim tsis huv nruab nrab ntawm lawv, cov dej thiab kwj dej, cuam tshuam qhov kev txav ntawm cov tub rog feem ntau, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov mobile. Cov dej xws li Vistula, Warta thiab Oder yog qhov teeb meem loj rau cov tub rog. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum Lub Ob Hlis thiab Lub Peb Hlis, huab cua sov, huab cua sov tau teeb tsa, uas, hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ntau qhov chaw tso dej thiab qhov chaw swampy, ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog tuaj yeem txav mus raws txoj kev xwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaj av, vim nws cov xwm txheej ntuj, tau yooj yim heev rau kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov.
Sab Hnub Tuaj Pomerania tau txhim kho txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, txoj kev loj thiab txoj kev av. Feem ntau ntawm txoj kev loj tau muab pav rau. Cov dej thiab dej hiav txwv kuj tau siv los ua kev sib txuas lus. Vistula, Oder, Bydgoszcz Canal thiab r. Wartas feem ntau yog navigable yuav luag txhua xyoo puag ncig. Muaj cov chaw nres nkoj loj nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, tshwj xeeb yog Danzig, Gdynia thiab Stettin, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm German fleet. Yuav luag txhua lub nroog thiab cov nroog tau txuas nrog xov tooj thiab kab xov tooj, suav nrog cov nyob hauv av. Qhov no ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm, kev hloov pauv ntawm pab tub rog German thiab lawv kev sib txuas lus.
Cov neeg tuag ntawm cov tub rog tuag thiab rhuav lub tank German Pz. Kpfw. VI Ua. B "Royal Tiger". Pomerania
Cov neeg German tau mob siab rau ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab tsim kom muaj chaw ruaj khov. Cov haujlwm no koom nrog tsis yog pab tub rog thiab cov koom haum tshwj xeeb, tab sis yog cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua rog. Rov qab rau xyoo 1933, Pomeranian Phab Ntsa tau tsim nyob ntawm tus ciam teb Polish-German. Sab laug ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab txuas nrog lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv hauv cheeb tsam Stolpmünde, tom qab ntawd txoj kab dhau los ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov ntawm Stolp, Rummelsburg, Neustättin, Schneidemühl, Deutsch-Krone (sab qab teb ntawm qhov chaw rampart tau tawg los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet) thiab txuas nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej ntawm Oder thiab Warta dej. Lub hauv paus ntawm Pomeranian kab tau tsim los ntawm kev ua tub rog mus sij hawm ntev, uas tiv thaiv cov tub rog me me los ntawm cov tub rog mus rau tuam txhab. Lawv tau txhawb ntxiv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaj tsam. Kev teeb tsa thaj tsam tau them nrog cov txheej txheem tsim los tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li cov kwj deg, cov pob zeb txhawb ntxiv, cov pob zeb thiab cov kab hlau. Muaj ntau lub nroog, suav nrog Stolp, Rummelsburg, Neustättin, Schneidemühl, Deutsch-Krone, yog cov chaw ruaj khov. Lawv tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, muaj ntau lub thawv ntawv thiab lwm yam kev tsim vaj tsev. Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv muaj thaj chaw muaj zog tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv - hauv thaj tsam Danzig, Gdynia, Hel, Leba, Stolpmünde, Rügenwalde thiab Kohlberg nto qaub ncaug. Muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas tau teeb tsa ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv loj.
Danzig thiab Gdynia muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ua ntej los rau sab qab teb hnub poob. Danzig thiab Gdynia txhua tus muaj ob peb kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv, uas tso siab rau ob qho tib si ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv thaj chaw. Lub nroog lawv tus kheej tau npaj rau txoj kev sib ntaus. Thaum pib xyoo 1945, Pomeranian Phab Ntsa tau ntxiv nrog txoj kab tiv thaiv raws ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub poob ntawm Vistula, los ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau lub nroog Bydgoszcz, nrog rau pem hauv ntej mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab ntxiv mus raws tus dej Netze thiab Warta mus rau Oder, nrog txoj haujlwm rau sab qab teb. Txoj kab kev tiv thaiv no, 3-5 km tob, suav nrog ob txog tsib qhov nqes hav thiab tau txhawb nqa nrog cov ntsiab lus tua mus sij hawm ntev hauv thaj chaw txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.
Teeb meem tiv thaiv lub tank ze ntawm txoj kev nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Danzig
