100 xyoo dhau los, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1920, Lub Koom Haum Sab Hnub Tuaj (FER) tau tsim. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog lub xeev ywj pheej ywj pheej, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Moscow ntawm Soviet Russia thiab Nyij Pooj. Ua tsaug rau FER, tsoomfwv Soviet tau tswj hwm kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai ua rog nrog Nyij Pooj Tebchaws thiab tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam kawg ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam Dawb nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, uas tau tawm mus yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa sab nraud. Qhov no yog kev yeej nom tswv loj rau Bolsheviks.
Qhov xwm txheej dav dav
Tom qab swb ntawm Kolchak cov tub rog dawb thiab kev ua tiav ntawm "tus thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws" los ntawm Baikal mus rau Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific xyoo 1920, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tsoomfwv, cov thawj coj thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees tau kav. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 31, 1920, muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Vladivostok, uas ua rau lub zog ntawm General Rozanov poob qis, uas yog tus tswj hwm rau tsoomfwv Kolchak. Cov neeg ntxeev siab tseem nyob nruab nrab. Rozanov khiav mus rau Nyiv. Tsoomfwv ib ntus ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj tuaj rau hauv hwj chim - Pawg Thawj Coj Hauv Cheeb Tsam Zemstvo. Tsoomfwv kev koom tes ntawm Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, Zemstvo thiab Bolsheviks. Cov chav dawb nyob hauv Primorye tau hla mus rau ib sab ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab. Lwm lub zog ua tub rog yog pab pawg liab tsim ntawm Sergei Lazo. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb thiab Reds tau ntxub ib leeg, tab sis muaj lub zog thib peb - Nyij Pooj, yuam kom lawv nyob nruab nrab.
Tsoomfwv Vladivostok tsis tawm tsam kev tsim cov koom pheej ywj pheej ywj pheej, tab sis suav tias nws tus kheej yog lub zog, lwm lub tseemfwv tsis lees paub. Hauv zos Bolsheviks faib qhov teeb meem no. I. G. Kushnarev, S. G. Lazo thiab P. M. Nikiforov yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Far East Bureau, tsim los ntawm Moscow, hauv Vladivostok. Hauv pawg Vladivostok, Kushnarev tau nyiam qhov tsis zoo, thiab Lazo tau tawm tsam. Lazo cov pab pawg liab tau hais kom txiav tawm tag nrho "bourgeois", yam tsis muaj kev sib koom tes. Tab sis hauv Vladivostok, lawv nyob hauv cov neeg tsawg, ntxiv rau, cov tub rog Nyij Pooj cuam tshuam. Cov neeg koom nrog tseem nyob hauv Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk thiab lwm lub nroog hauv cheeb tsam Amur, uas lawv tau tsim lawv tus kheej cheeb tsam "tsoomfwv" thiab lub hauv paus chaw ua tub rog-kiv puag ncig. Lawv tsis lees paub tsoomfwv Vladivostok. Lawv ua rog rau lawv tus kheej rau kev tsim lub zog Soviet.
Hauv Chita, muaj Cossacks Dawb thiab seem ntawm Kolchak txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Semyonov. Ua ntej nws raug ntes, Kolchak tau muab rau nws "tag nrho ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab pej xeem lub zog" nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Russia. "Chita ntsaws" raug nias los ntawm ob sab: los ntawm sab hnub poob - Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberian Soviet pab tub rog, los ntawm sab hnub tuaj - cov neeg koom tes ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Transbaikal Pem Hauv Ntej raws li Zhuravlev hais kom ua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Semyonovites (kwv yees li 20 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers) tau sib ntaus ntawm ob sab: sab hnub poob ntawm Chita thiab hauv thaj tsam ntawm Sretensk thiab Nerchinsk.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tub rog txawv teb chaws nyob rau sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Siberia tau poob nws qhov kev pom kev raug cai. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1920, tau kos npe rau kev ua rog ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet thiab Czechoslovak hais kom ua. Cov neeg txawv tebchaws txawv tebchaws, suav nrog Czechs, Tug, Asmeskas, thiab lwm yam, tau pib thim rov qab mus rau Vladivostok, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd tau raug coj mus rau lawv lub tebchaws. Lub sijhawm no, Sab Hnub Poob txiav txim siab tias White Cause tau poob thiab tsis tsim nyog nqis peev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom maj mam tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov koom pheej Soviet.
Tsuas yog Nyij Pooj tau ua raws li nws txoj cai. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tsis xav tawm mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob, tseem cia siab tias yuav txeeb ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia hauv lawv txoj kev nyiam, thiab tswj hwm lwm qhov nrog kev pab los ntawm tsoomfwv cov menyuam roj hmab. Tshwj xeeb, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau txhawb tsoomfwv Chita ntawm Lavxias sab nrauv sab hnub tuaj, coj los ntawm Ataman Semyonov. Nyob rau hauv nws cov lus txib yog kev sib ntaus sib tua-npaj rau Far Eastern pab tub rog, uas suav nrog cov seem ntawm Kolchak-Kappelevites. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj xav tau, nrog kev pab los ntawm Semyonovites, los tsim "dub tsis" los ntawm Chita mus rau Primorye.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias Tebchaws Asmeskas, tawm hauv tebchaws Russia Sab Hnub Tuaj, thaum xub thawj tsis tau txhais tes ntawm Nyij Pooj. Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1920, cov neeg Asmeskas tau muab daim ntawv Nyij Pooj rau Nyij Pooj, uas tau sau tseg tias Washington yuav tsis tawm tsam yog tias Nyij Pooj tsis siv ib pab tub rog nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam hauv Siberia thiab tseem yuav muab kev pab txuas ntxiv rau txoj haujlwm Trans-Siberian Railway thiab Suav Eastern Railway. Txawm hais tias Nyij Pooj tau sib tw nrog Asmeskas hauv thaj av Asia-Pacific, nyob rau theem no Washington tau txhawb nqa kev nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj hauv Far East. Tab sis yav tom ntej, cov neeg Asmeskas yuav pab Moscow tshem tawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Kev tsim FER thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm Cov Neeg Tawm Tsam Tsov Rog
Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm Kolchak txoj kev tswj hwm thiab pab tub rog, Soviet pab tub rog (5th Army) tau nres hauv thaj av Baikal. Nws txoj kev nce ntxiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua tsov rog nrog tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog - Nyij Pooj Tebchaws. Cov koom pheej Soviet tau nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj - kev ua rog nrog Pab Dawb nyob rau sab qab teb, kev ua tsov rog nrog Poland nyob rau sab hnub poob, kev ua tsov rog nrog Finland nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob. Nws kuj tseem tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog Nyij Pooj, uas muaj cov tub rog muaj zog thiab muaj tub rog. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tau txais lub sijhawm thaum "lub ntiaj teb kub hnyiab" nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam thiab Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Sib sau ua rog, ua tiav qhov kev swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv European feem ntawm Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws.
Muaj lwm lub hom phiaj yog vim li cas rau qib no. Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1919-1920. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua lub zog tsoo rau sab hnub tuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw nyob uas xav tau yuav tsum tau rov qab los, txhawm rau ua tej yam kom nyob rau ntawd. Lub xeev ntawm Western Siberia, uas yog, tom qab ntawm Soviet pab tub rog, txaus ntshai heev. Kev lag luam, tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov khoom siv tau raug rhuav tshem. Kev tshaib nqhis tau hem lub nroog. Tus mob typhus tau mob hnyav. Tag nrho cov zos, tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov tub rog tau tuag. Hauv nroog, ntau txhiab tus tib neeg pw hauv txaj hauv tsev kho mob (qhov no yog tus kabmob sib kis tiag, tsis yog "tus kabmob Suav" xyoo 2020). Cov neeg ua tsov ua rog tseem pheej npau taws. Partisans thiab "ntsuab" pab pawg tau taug kev hauv taiga nrog lub zog thiab lub hauv paus.
Yog li, ua ntej mus dhau ntawm Lake Baikal, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los teeb tsa kev txiav txim theem pib hauv Siberia. Bolsheviks tsuas yog tsis muaj lub zog los tsim Soviet lub zog hauv Transbaikalia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj. Tsis hais txog kev ua tsov rog nrog Nyij Pooj, leej twg muaj zog, qhuab qhia tub rog. Kev tsim FER daws qhov teeb meem no. Moscow tau yuav lub sijhawm rau kev txiav txim siab yav tom ntej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Lub sijhawm no, Tus Tiv Thaiv Dawb tuaj yeem raug txwv lossis tseem tsoo los ntawm FER pab tub rog. Qhov no tau qhib kev cia siab rau kev sib tham nrog Sab Hnub Poob. Tam sim no Entente tuaj yeem pom zoo nrog tsoomfwv kev ywj pheej ntawm FER, tshem tawm cov tub rog thiab kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm, lawv txoj haujlwm nyob ua ke. Cov peev txheej sab hnub poob, uas tawm tsam rau "tib neeg txoj cai", tau ua tiav txaus siab nrog kev tsim tsa tsoomfwv koom pheej.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, Moscow txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub xeev nruab nrab mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lake Baikal - Far Eastern People's Republic (FER). Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm maj mam tso tawm Transbaikalia, Amur thiab Primorye los ntawm cov kws pab cuam thiab White Guard. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tsis muaj kev tawm tsam (Irkutsk Political Center, Socialist-Revolutionaries) xav tsim cov koom pheej koom pheej ywj pheej los ntawm "kev tswj hwm ntawm proletariat." Social Revolutionaries thiab lwm tog tau cia siab tias kev tsim cov koom pheej ywj pheej yuav txuag lub tebchaws sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia los ntawm kev ua haujlwm Nyij Pooj thiab lub zog ntawm Bolsheviks.
Txhawm rau tswj hwm txoj haujlwm thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1920, Far Eastern Bureau ntawm RCP (b) tau tsim tshwj xeeb, cov tswv cuab ntawm, A. A. Shiryamov, A. M. Krasnoshchekov thiab N. K. Goncharov raug xa mus rau Verkhneudinsk (niaj hnub Ulan-Ude) los npaj lub xeev tshiab. FER tau tshaj tawm rau lub Plaub Hlis 6, 1920 los ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm thaj av Baikal. Lub rooj sablaj tau txais tsab cai lij choj raws li lub zog twg yog cov neeg ua haujlwm. Verkhneudinsk tau los ua lub peev. Tsoomfwv tau coj los ntawm Alexander Krasnoshchekov. Lub cev muaj zog tshaj plaws yog Cov Neeg Sib Koom Tes ntawm FER (Lub Rooj Sib Tham Hauv Tebchaws ntawm FER), nws tau tsim los ntawm kev xaiv tsa rau lub sijhawm ob xyoos. Hauv qhov sib nrug ntawm ntu, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Hauv Tebchaws ntawm FER tau ua haujlwm. Cov Neeg Sawv Cev yog ntau tus neeg: cov neeg tawm tsam thiab pawg neeg peasant (feem ntau) uas txuas nrog lawv, pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj ua liaj ua teb (kulaks), Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, Cadets, Tib neeg Socialists thiab Buriat-Mongol faction. Lub Rooj Sib Tham Hauv Tebchaws tau xaiv tsoomfwv.
Thaum lub sijhawm nws tsim, FER suav nrog Amur, Trans-Baikal, Kamchatka, Primorsk thiab Sakhalin cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsoomfwv de facto FER tsis muaj hwj chim hla ib feem loj ntawm thaj chaw. Tsoomfwv dawb ntawm Semyonov nyob hauv Transbaikalia. Ntawm thaj chaw Amur Cheeb Tsam, Primorye thiab Kamchatka, tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam pro -Soviet muaj kev ywj pheej ua haujlwm - Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm, Peasants, Cov Tub Rog thiab Cossack Tus Thawj Fwm nrog lub hauv paus hauv Blagoveshchensk, Tsoom Fwv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Primorsky Cheeb Tsam Zemstvo Council nrog lub chaw hauv Vladivostok. Ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj, suav nrog Sab Qaum Teb Sakhalin, tau los ntawm cov tub rog Nyij Pooj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum xub thawj, FER kev coj noj coj ua tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm thaj tsam Trans-Baikal. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Yim Hli 1920, Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm, Peasants, Cov Tub Rog thiab Cossack Tus Thawj Fwm ntawm Cheeb Tsam Amur tau xa mus rau tsoomfwv ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Soviet Russia thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1920 lees paub FER thiab muab nws nrog kev nom tswv, nyiaj txiag, khoom siv, tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab pab tub rog. Lub hauv paus ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberian Soviet Army (nws tau tsim los ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tsov Rog ntawm Irkutsk Political Center, los ntawm pab pawg, cov neeg ntxeev siab, cov neeg ua haujlwm pab pawg thiab tso Kolchak cov tswv cuab ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia) thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1920, Cov Neeg Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Cov tub rog (NRA) ntawm thaj av Baikal tau tsim, thaum lub Plaub Hlis - NRA Transbaikalia, thaum lub Tsib Hlis - NRA DVR. Nws tau txhawb ntxiv los ntawm lub tsheb thib 5 los ntawm Soviet Army, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm txib (Soviet) thiab riam phom, txhua lub chaw khaws khoom ntawm Kolchak cov tub rog tuag tseem nyob hauv Reds txhais tes. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm NRA yog rov qab los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Soviet Russia thiab rhuav tshem cov neeg dawb hauv Transbaikalia thiab thaj tsam Amur. Qhov loj ntawm pab tub rog nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1920 yog li ntawm 100 txhiab leej neeg. Cov tub rog tau coj los ntawm Heinrich Eikhe, yav dhau los tus thawj coj tsarist uas, tom qab kev tawm tsam, koom nrog Qib ntawm Pab Pawg Liab, hais kom muaj tub rog, pab tub rog, faib phom 26th thiab tub rog Soviet thib 5 nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Thaum pib Lub Peb Hlis 1920, Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberian pab tub rog tau thawb Semyonovites thiab nyob hauv thaj tsam Baikal nrog lub nroog Verkhneudinsk. Lub nroog no tau dhau los ua peev ntawm Lavxias Far East. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis - thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1920, Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tsov Rog ntawm Far East Republic Eikhe tau ua ob zaug los tsoo Semyonov's Far Eastern Army tawm ntawm Transbaikalia (Chita cov haujlwm). Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, chav ntawm Amur Front tau nce qib raws li cov lus txib ntawm Shilov, uas tau tsim los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Transbaikal Pem Hauv Ntej thiab suav nrog thaj tsam Olovyannaya, Nerchinsk, Nerchinsky Zavod, Sretensk thiab Blagoveshchensk (txij lub Tsib Hlis - thiab Khabarovsk): ib tug txheej txheem cej luam Txawm li cas los xij, NRA tsis tuaj yeem coj Chita. Ntawm qhov one tes, Reds tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj hauv cov haujlwm no, cov rog tau kwv yees li sib npaug. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Kappelites tau xaiv cov tub rog ntawm Pab Tub Rog Dawb, thiab lawv tau tawm tsam thawj zaug ntawm Reds kom tshem tawm "Chita ntsaws". Ib qho ntxiv, Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tub rog Nyij Pooj (5th Infantry Division), lawv tau tuav txoj kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb, uas txwv kev ua phem ntawm Reds, uas tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam Nyij Pooj.
Japanese ntxeem tau
Raws li qhov kev liam rau kev ua phem, neeg Nyij Pooj tau siv "Nikolaev xwm txheej"-kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm pab pawg liab thiab cov tub rog Nyij Pooj hauv Nikolaevsk-on-Amur thaum ib nrab Lub Peb Hlis 1920. Thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm Kolchak tsoomfwv, qee qhov kev cais tawm ntawm Lazo coj mus rau Vladivostok, lwm tus mus rau qis dua ntawm Amur. Cov kev tsim no tau coj los ntawm Yakov Tryapitsyn, tus qub tub ceev xwm Tsarist, Soviet thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg, thiab Lebedeva-Kiyashko. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis, ib feem ntawm Tryapitsyn nyob hauv Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, qhov uas lawv tshaj tawm kev tsim ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob Soviet koom pheej ua ib feem ntawm qhov qis tshaj ntawm Amur, Sakhalin, Okhotsk thiab Kamchatka. Cov tub rog liab ntawm Cheeb Tsam Nikolaev tau tsim.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 11-12, 1920, cov neeg Nyij Pooj hauv ib cheeb tsam, txhawb los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj hauv zej zog, tau tawm tsam Tryapitsyn cov tub rog. Reds poob txog 150 raug tua, ntau dua 500 raug mob. Tryapitsyn nws tus kheej raug mob, nws tus lwm thawj Mizin thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Naumov tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pab pawg liab tau los sai rau lawv qhov kev nkag siab, rub tawm kev txhawb zog, tau txais cov lej zoo tshaj thiab ua kom cov tub rog Nyij Pooj puas tag thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj Nyij Pooj kuj tau tuag.
Cov xov xwm ntawm qhov kev tua neeg no ua rau Nyij Pooj poob siab thiab tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua ua lus dag rau kev ua phem tag nrho. Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 4-5, 1920, Nyij Pooj tau tawm tsam Reds nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau kov yeej Pawg Neeg Liab los ntawm Vladivostok mus rau Khabarovsk. Nyob rau Amur qis, Tryapitsyn tau khiav tawm Nikolaevsk thiab hlawv lub nroog. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau nyob rau sab qaum teb Sakhalin. Lub zog Japanese txoj haujlwm tau tsim nyob hauv thaj av. Hauv Vladivostok ib leeg, kwv yees li 7 txhiab tus tub rog thiab cov neeg raug tua tuag. Ntawm cov neeg tuag yog tus neeg nto npe Bolshevik thiab Red commander Serey Lazo. Nyij Pooj tau xa tag nrho pab tub rog mus rau tebchaws Russia Sab Hnub Tuaj - ntau dua 170 txhiab tus tub rog. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tsis tau tawg lawv lub zog, lawv tsis tau nkag mus tob rau hauv tebchaws Russia thaj tsam sab nrauv ntawm kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb. Tab sis txhua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov chaw sib txuas lus tau nyob ntawm lawv cov tub rog.
