Coob leej neeg tseem tsis nkag siab li cas cov phooj ywg "Cov neeg Ukrainian" tam sim ntawd dhau los ua tus yeeb ncuab phem tshaj plaws ntawm Russia. Tsuas yog ob peb xyoos dhau los txij li kev tawm tsam, thiab thaj av Kiev twb dhau los ua tus choj rau NATO, thiab cov tub rog Ukrainian tab tom npaj "kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej" mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Lub ntsiab lus yog tias txhua txoj hauv kev tswjfwm kev tswjfwm. Qhov kev npaj tsis tau xav txog no tau tshwm sim los ntawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev xav, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai, kev hais lus thiab kev ua ntaub ntawv ntawm Western Lavxias cov pej xeem (Cov neeg Lavxias me me) ntawm Me Russia-Ukraine. Cov phiaj xwm sib tham tau pib nrog kev ua ntaub ntawv ntawm Vatican rov qab rau hauv Tebchaws, uas tau txeeb thaj av sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Rus, suav nrog cov peev txheej qub ntawm thaj av Lavxias - Kiev. Tom qab ntawd Western txawj ntse tau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev cais, tshwj xeeb cov neeg Ukrainian. Txij li lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, Sab Hnub Poob tau sim tshem tawm thiab ua kom tsis muaj zog ib leeg Lavxias superethnos. Lawv tau sim thawb cov neeg Lavxias tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias txhawm rau txhawm rau los ntshav thiab rhuav tshem lawv nrog lawv txhais tes. Nov yog txheej txheem txheej thaum ub ntawm tus tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob - faib, ua si thiab kov yeej. Rau qhov no, "Ukrainians" xav tau - tib tus neeg Lavxias, sib cav sib ceg, mob siab rau, tab sis lub paj hlwb, tig mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm sab hnub poob tiv thaiv Russia -Russia.
Yog li, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm xav tau "Ukrainians" hauv lawv cov qub tsov rog tawm tsam Russia. "Ukrainians" yog qee yam zoo li Ottoman Janissaries - tshwj xeeb hauv zej zog yam tsis muaj xeem thiab pab pawg (cov tub raug coj mus rau hauv Slavic, Caucasian, Kurdish thiab lwm thaj av thiab coj los rau hauv tebchaws Ottoman, cov neeg Muslim, hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab hnyav ntawm Turkish Empire), tshwj xeeb tau kawm los tawm tsam lawv tus kheej cov neeg. Cov duab zoo sib xws nyob hauv Tolkien's "Tus Tswv ntawm Rings", qhov twg lub zog ntawm kev phem, los ntawm kev ua tej yam yees siv thiab kev sim tshuaj los ntawm haiv neeg elf, tsim orcs uas ntxub txhua yam txuas nrog lawv cov kwv tij.
Nws yog txaus los saib cov ntawv keeb kwm Lavxias kom nkag siab tias tsis tau muaj dua ib tus "Ukrainians". Txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia - Great, Malaya, Belaya - tau nyob txij thaum ub los ntawm Rus -Russians - Russians. Cov keeb kwm keeb kwm IX - XIII ib puas xyoo. lawv tsis paub ib yam "Ukrainians". Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg ntawm cov pej xeem hauv XIV-XVI ib puas xyoo.thaum thaj tsam loj ntawm thaj av Lavxias nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob raug ntes los ntawm Hungary, Lithuania thiab Poland. Lub sijhawm no, cov npe thaj av tshiab tshwm nyob rau hauv cov peev txheej los txheeb xyuas ob feem ntawm Russia: Russia thaj av uas nyob hauv qab rau Horde Golden hu Great Russia, nyob ntawm tus kav thiab Lithuanians - Russia me. Cov neeg Greek nyob hauv Byzantium kuj tau faib Russia mus rau Greater (Great) thiab Lesser Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, cov npe no tsis suav nrog tus qub - "Rus", uas feem ntau siv. Tsuas yog qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm, Greek lub npe "Russia" yog thawj qhov chaw.
Lub npe haiv neeg siv los xaiv haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg ntawm Rus tseem tsis hloov pauv. Cov neeg Lavxias tseem yog neeg Lavxias, tsis hais seb lawv nyob hauv ib feem ntawm Russia -Russia - Me me lossis Zoo. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg Lavxias superethnos (superethnos ntawm Rus) khaws kev nco qab ntawm nws lub tebchaws thiab kev ntseeg sab ntsuj plig, uas tau npaj rau sab ntsuj plig, kev xav thiab kev ua tub rog ua ntej rau kev tshem tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm txawv teb chaws. Cov neeg Lavxias tau pom tias muaj kev koom nrog nws tus kheej hauv thaj chaw nyob - Zaporozhye Cossacks, Orthodox thiab cov kwv tij hauv nroog. Lawv nquag tawm tsam txoj cai ntawm de-Russification, polarization thiab catholicization ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Western Russia nrhiav los ntawm Poland thiab Roman Catholic lub Koom Txoos. Lub koom haum tus kheej no tau tso cai rau cov neeg Lavxias nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam thiab xaus nws nrog kev yeej thaum ob ntu ntawm Russia tau rov los sib sau ua ke. Kev sib koom ua ke zaum kawg ntawm Great thiab Me, Dawb Russia tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Catherine Great (Partitions of Commonwealth).
Lub tebchaws Soviet tau tsim cov tswv yim hais txog "kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm haiv neeg Ukrainian." Qhov tseeb, nws yog kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Tsis yog "Ukrainians", tab sis Lavxias Cossacks, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg hauv nroog tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv tus tswv tsev Polish, sim muab pov tseg lub teb chaws, kev ntseeg thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm haiv neeg Polish, uas ua rau Russians hloov mus ua "qhev". Tsis yog "Ukrainians", tab sis cov neeg Lavxias tiv thaiv lawv lub siab nyiam, kev ntseeg, lus, txoj cai los ua lawv tus kheej, thiab tsis yuam cov tub qhe Polish. Thiab txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam no paub qhov no zoo heev - leej twg, nrog leej twg thiab rau yam uas tau tawm tsam. Nws tsis yog tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas yawg Lavxias hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky tau hais ntau dua ib zaug sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Yog li, thaum Lub Rau Hli 1648, tsiv mus rau Lvov, tus txiv neej tau xa lub tsheb loj (xov) mus rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog: "Kuv tuaj rau koj raws li kev tso tawm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias; Kuv tuaj rau hauv lub nroog peev ntawm Chervonorusskaya thaj av los cawm koj ntawm Lyash (Polish) kev poob cev qhev. " Chervonnaya, Red Rus (Cherven lub nroog) tau raug hu nyob rau Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thaj av ntawm thaj av sab hnub poob ntawm tam sim no-hnub Ukraine.
Nov yog cov lus pov thawj ntawm lwm qhov kev kawm niaj hnub no, los ntawm pab tub rog Polish, Polish hetman Sapieha: hwj chim loj ntawm tag nrho Russia. Txhua tus neeg Lavxias los ntawm cov zos, cov zos, cov nroog, nroog sib txuas los ntawm kev ntseeg thiab ntshav nrog Cossacks, hem tias yuav tshem tawm pawg neeg gentry thiab rhuav tshem Rzeczpospolita.
Raws li peb pom tau, peb tab tom tham txog cov neeg Lavxias nkaus xwb. Thiab ntau yam Mazepa, Grushevskie, Petliura, Vinnichenka, Bandera, Shukhevych, Kravchuk, Poroshenko tsuas yog dag cov neeg, tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lawv txoj kev tu siab thiab ua haujlwm ntau yam yeeb ncuab ntawm Lavxias kev vam meej thiab cov neeg Lavxias - Sweden, Poland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Austria, Askiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas (feem ntau, tus tswv sab hnub poob). Thaum lub sijhawm Khmelnytsky muaj kev ua tsov rog dawb huv loj tsis yog rau "ywj siab" Ukraine ", tab sis rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ob feem ntawm ib leeg Rus-Russia thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv ib lub xeev.
Hauv Polish cov peev txheej ntawm xyoo pua 16th, muaj lo lus "Ukraine", los ntawm qhov uas, ob puas xyoo tom qab, "Ukrainians" yuav coj keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev tsis ntseeg "Ukraine", nyob los ntawm qhov zoo, tsis muaj tseeb "neeg Ukrainian". Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si hauv tebchaws Russia thiab hauv tebchaws Poland lo lus no muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam - "Ukrainian -outskirts", ciam teb.
Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg ntawm Me Russia mus txog rau xyoo pua 20th. Tshwj xeeb, niaj hnub no Galicia yog lub chaw ruaj khov ntawm "Ukrainians", thiab ua ntej pib Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg, feem coob ntawm Galician tau pom lawv tus kheej yog neeg Lavxias. Qhov kev paub txog tus kheej no tsuas yog dhau los ntawm kev tua neeg los ntawm Austrians ntawm qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab kawm paub ib feem ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv cheeb tsam no, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum lub sijhawm Soviet Union, thaum "cov neeg Ukrainian" raug tsim los. Cov neeg ib txwm, zoo li nyob rau hnub Ancient Ancient Russia, thiab lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav sib ceg, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Polish-Lithuanian, kev koom ua ke ntawm Great thiab Me Russia, siv ib lub npe rau lawv lub tebchaws kev txiav txim siab-Russians (Rus). Qhov no tau raug rau txhua tus neeg Lavxias, nyob qhov twg lawv nyob - hauv Me Me, Dawb lossis Great Russia -Russia.
Lwm qhov teeb meem yog kev txawj ntse, ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, coj los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, tuag hauv phau ntawv, keeb kwm kev xav tau pib hauv paus. Nws yog los ntawm pawg no uas qhov kev xav cuav hais txog "peb ceg" ntawm cov neeg Lavxias - "Cov neeg Lavxias me me", "Great Russians" thiab "Belarusians". Cov "haiv neeg" no tsis muaj ib qho cim tseg hauv keeb kwm. Yog vim li cas yooj yim: Cov pab pawg neeg zoo li no yeej tsis tau muaj dua! Cov npe thaj av - Malaya, Velikaya, Belaya Rus - tsis tau nqa cov ntsiab lus hauv tebchaws, tabsis tsuas yog xaiv cov tebchaws Lavxias uas nyob hauv tebchaws Russia los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, uas ib ntus xaus rau hauv ntau lub xeev. Feem ntau, tsis muaj ib yam hloov pauv tam sim no: tom qab swb hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Thib Peb (Txias Txias Tsov Rog), cov thawj tswj hwm hauv cheeb tsam, nrog kev pom zoo los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, tau sib koom ua ke Russia-USSR rau hauv peb lub xeev Lavxias-Russia, Ukraine thiab Belarus. Tab sis tib neeg yog caj ces, keeb kwm, los ntawm kev ntseeg thiab lus, kab lis kev cai - ib. Tsuas yog coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov nce ntawm lub zog ntawm kev tshaj tawm, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm -zombies (TV, Internet) - dag, nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntau dua.
Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si ua ntej thiab tam sim no hauv Russia nws muaj peev xwm tsim ntau dua kaum ob ntawm cov "pawg neeg", uas yog maj mam, zais cia, thiab tau ua tiav. Yog li, nyob rau hnub ua ntej kev koom ua ke ntawm Rurikovichs nyob ib puag ncig Novgorod thiab Kiev, tom qab ntawd thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm Russia, cov pejxeem ntawm txhua thaj av, tus thawj coj muaj nws tus kheej haiv neeg. Krivichi txawv ntawm glades thiab Vyatichi, Novgorodians thiab Ryazanians los ntawm Muscovites thiab Smolyans. Txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv niaj hnub (hauv cov khaub ncaws, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, kos duab, thiab lwm yam), cov lus hais. Tab sis txhua tus yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg Lavxias (superethnos). Tsis tas li, tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tseem tab tom cais los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias - Siberians, Pomors, Cossacks, cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Volga, thiab lwm yam. Kuj tsim thiab "Ukrainians" - kwv yees tshwj xeeb, kev ywj pheej ntawm haiv neeg, tsis cuam tshuam nrog "Muscovites".
Tom qab kev tawm tsam xyoo 1917, qhov kev tuag no, kev xav tsis tseeb ntawm "peb haiv neeg" tau tsim los. Cov neeg hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb, ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev rhuav tshem keeb kwm Russia, hloov npe "peb haiv neeg Lavxias" mus rau "peb haiv neeg sib koom ua ke", peb haiv neeg ywj pheej sib txawv. Ntawm daim ntawv, lawv tsim ob "haiv neeg tsis yog neeg Lavxias" - Belarusians, uas khaws lawv lub npe qub, thiab "Cov neeg Lavxias me me" tau hloov mus ua "neeg Ukrainian". Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm cov ntsiab lus, tus naj npawb ntawm Lavxias superethnos tau raug txo los ntawm yuav luag ib feem peb. Tsuas yog yav dhau los "Great Russians" tseem yog Lavxias (lo lus no raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ncig). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tawm tsam keeb kwm no, cov tswv yim dag ntxias tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm lub xeev lub tsev: kev tsim cais "Ukrainian koom pheej", kev txhim kho "haiv neeg" haiv neeg hauv phau ntawv hla tebchaws, ua haujlwm raws li txoj cai rau "mova" tsis yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Me Russia, tab sis kuj hauv Novorossia, Crimea, Donbass, thaj av Chernigov, Slobozhanshchina - thaj chaw uas nws tsis tau nthuav dav.
Soviet keeb kwm keeb kwm muab "kev tshawb fawb" hauv paus rau txoj kev xav no, txhim kho kev ua tiav ntawm Ukrainian thiab kev ywj pheej keeb kwm. Yog li, hauv Phau Ntawv Me Me Soviet Encyclopedia (1960) nws tau sau tseg: "Rostov-Suzdal thaj av, thiab tom qab Moscow, dhau los ua nom tswv thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Great Russia (Lavxias) haiv neeg. Thaum lub sijhawm XIV-XV ib puas xyoo, Great Russia (Lavxias) haiv neeg tau tsim, thiab xeev Moscow koom ua ke txhua thaj chaw nrog cov pejxeem hais lus Great Russia ". Phau ntawv kho mob Soviet tau tshaj tawm tias kev tsim ntawm haiv neeg Lavxias tau ua tiav nyob rau xyoo pua 16th. Nov yog li cas lub hauv paus ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no ntawm keeb kwm. Kievan (Ancient) Rus mus rau qhov loj tau pom nws tus kheej sab nraum thaj tsam ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias. Nws tau "txiav tawm" ntau dua. Yav dhau los, Rus-Russians tsis tau hnov dua txog thaum Epiphany, tam sim no lawv tau pib thim ntawm Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm (Muscovy). Ancient Russia tau nyob los ntawm qee qhov "Eastern Slavs" - qus thiab tsis pom kev. Los ntawm lawv liam tom qab tuaj "peb haiv neeg" - Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov keeb kwm keeb kwm qhia rau peb txog cov neeg Lavxias, cov neeg Lavxias, Russia, thaj av Lavxias, cov nom tswv Lavxias, haiv neeg Lavxias, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li, qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau tshwm sim, ob lub xeev dag tau tsim - Ukrainian thiab Belarusian. Cov neeg Lavxias zoo tseem tsis tau muab qhov ntawd. Sib sau ua ke txog 90% ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm RSFSR thiab Lavxias Lavxias, lawv tsis muaj lub xeev-tsim xwm txheej. Thiab tom qab xyoo 1991 muaj kev puas tsuaj tiag. Hauv Kev Koom Tes, kev sib cais thiab Nazis tsis tau muab pub dawb. Thiab tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm USSR, cov neeg hauv tebchaws ib puag ncig, nrog kev txhawb nqa Sab Hnub Poob, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm tag nrho lossis ib nrab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias (nrog kev ua phem ntawm kev tua neeg) los ntawm Turkestan, Transcaucasus, thiab Baltic xeev. Hauv Baltics, cov neeg Lavxias uas tseem tshuav tau dhau los ua cov neeg hauv chav kawm thib ob. Hauv tebchaws Ukraine, Belarus thiab hauv Russia nws tus kheej, kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tuag ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau tshwm sim. Hauv Belarus, cov txheej txheem no qeeb tshaj plaws, tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj zog nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Ntau tiam neeg ntawm haiv neeg uas tsis paub USSR, uas tau coj los thiab kawm hauv kev coj noj coj ua tshiab, ib puag ncig kev kawm, tau loj hlob tuaj. Rau lawv, Russia yog tus yeeb ncuab uas "nyob" Crimea, "tsis muaj kev ua tsov rog" hauv Donbas thiab npaj txhij nqos mus rau Dawb Russia. Lawv tau coj los rau hauv kev xav ntawm "Lithuanianism", lawv xav txog lawv tus kheej li xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg Lithuanians, lawv xav txog lawv tus kheej ib haiv neeg txawv.
Hauv tebchaws Ukraine, qhov xwm txheej tseem phem dua. Ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev xav ntau ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv, kev ua keeb kwm tau muab lawv cov tshuaj lom tua.
