Peb cov thawj coj tua ntau zaj yeeb yaj kiab hais txog "Tsov rog", ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis hmoov tsis zoo yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv tau kis nrog ntau yam "dub dab neeg". Thiab tseem muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab me me uas yuav muaj kev kawm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txog qhov tsis txawj tuag ntawm peb cov tub rog ciam teb nyob rau hnub txaus ntshai ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941. Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, txawm tias tom qab ntawd lawv tau tua ntau zaj yeeb yaj kiab "State Border" (1980-1988). Tab sis sijhawm dhau mus thiab ob peb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas niaj hnub no saib Soviet cov txuj ci, nws yuav yog lub sijhawm los tua cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab txog kev siv dag zog ntawm peb cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb, vim tias muaj ntau yam khoom siv. Nws yuav yog ib yam yog tias tus tiv thaiv ciam teb tau qhia lawv tus kheej tsis zoo hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog, yog lawm nws yuav tuaj yeem ua ntsiag to txog nws, tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv tau tawm tsam siab tawv, rau teev, rau hnub, txawm hais tias tus yeeb ncuab siv sijhawm tsis ntau tshaj ib nrab teev ntawm lawv hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv tebchaws Russia, kev ua rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog Ciam Tebchaws ntawm NKVD ntawm USSR, uas los ntawm lawv cov kev coj ua tau pib cuam tshuam ntawm Reich txoj kev ua rog "xob laim", tseem tsis tau muaj kev txaus siab thiab nkag siab.
Lawv yog cov tub rog zoo li cas?
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941, Cov Tub Rog Ciam Tebchaws ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Cov Haujlwm Sab Hauv ntawm USSR tau ua raws li cov lus txib ntawm L. P. Beria. Lawv suav nrog 18 cheeb tsam ciam teb, uas suav nrog 94 pawg sib cais, 8 cais cov nkoj sib cais, 23 cais cov tub ceev xwm tus ciam chaw ua haujlwm, 10 cais pawg dav hlau thiab 2 pab tub rog. Lawv tus lej tag nrho yog 168,135 tus neeg, pawg tub rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog Ciam Tebchaws muaj 11 lub nkoj saib xyuas, 223 lub nkoj saib xyuas thiab 180 tua thiab txhawb nqa lub nkoj (414 chav sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho), kev ya dav hlau ntawm Cov Tub Rog Ciam Teb muaj 129 lub dav hlau.
Nyob rau hmo ua tsov rog, ua kev ntsuas dav dav los tiv thaiv kev ua phem phem, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm USSR tau nce qhov kev tiv thaiv sab hnub poob ntawm thaj tsam ciam teb ntawm lub xeev: los ntawm Hiav Txwv Barents mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Thaj chaw no tau raug saib xyuas los ntawm 8 cheeb tsam ciam teb, uas suav nrog 49 pawg sib cais ciam teb, 7 pawg sib cais ntawm cov nkoj ciam teb, 10 cais tus thawj tswj hwm ciam teb chaw ua haujlwm thiab 3 cais pawg tub rog. Lawv tus lej tag nrho yog 87,459 tus neeg, uas 80% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm lub xeev ciam teb, ntawm Soviet -German ciam teb - 40,963 tus neeg. Tawm ntawm 1747 cov ciam teb ciam teb uas tiv thaiv lub xeev ciam teb ntawm Soviet Union, 715 lub chaw tiv thaiv nyob ntawm ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws.
Lub koom haum, txhua qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ciam teb muaj 4 tus tub rog hais kom ua lub chaw haujlwm, txhua tus muaj 4 kab tawm tsam thiab 1 thaj chaw khaws cia tseg, pab pawg ua haujlwm (khaws cia ntawm ciam teb cais ntawm 4 lub chaw tawm, tag nrho 200-250 tus tiv thaiv ciam teb), tsev kawm ntawv rau cov tub ceev xwm ua haujlwm - 100 tus neeg, lub hauv paus chaw, lub chaw saib xyuas kev txawj ntse, lub chaw haujlwm nom tswv thiab sab nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, qhov kev tshem tawm muaj txog 2,000 tus xov tooj cua. Txhua qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tus ciam teb tau tiv thaiv thaj av ntawm ciam teb nrog qhov ntev txog 180 km, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv - txog 450 kilometers.
Cov chaw tiv thaiv ciam teb yog ib feem ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ciam teb chaw ua haujlwm - 4 tus ciam teb ciam teb txhua tus. Tus tub ceev xwm tus thawj coj lub chaw haujlwm, ua ib feem ntawm kev tshem tawm thaj tsam, ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb nyob rau thaj tsam txog 50 km thiab tau koom nrog ncaj qha hauv kev tswj hwm cov ciam teb. Tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ciam teb chaw ua haujlwm muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - thaj chaw khaws cia ntawm 42 tus neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb, nws tau ua tub rog nrog 2 rab phom tshuab hnyav, 4 rab phom tshuab, 34 phom. Qhov chaw khaws cia tseg tau khaws cia cov mos txwv ntau ntxiv, tsheb thauj khoom, lossis 2-3 - lub laub uas siv lub zog.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov ciam teb nyob rau lub Rau Hli 1941 yog los ntawm 42 txog 64 tus neeg, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab lwm yam xwm txheej ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tus tub ceev xwm, suav nrog 42 tus tiv thaiv ciam teb: lub taub hau ntawm tus ncej pem hauv ntej thiab nws tus lwm thawj, tus thawj coj thiab 4 tus thawj coj pab pawg, tus so yog tus tiv thaiv ciam teb zoo ib yam. Nws cov cuab yeej ua rog yog: 1 rab phom tshuab hnyav Maxim, 3 lub tshuab phom tshuab Degtyarev thiab 37 rab phom tsib lub phom 1891/30; cov mos txwv ntawm tus ncej tom ntej yog: cov mos txwv ntawm caliber 7, 62 mm - 200 daim rau txhua rab phom thiab 1,600 daim rau txhua Degtyarev lub teeb tshuab rab phom, 2,400 daim rau rab phom tshuab hnyav, RGD tes grenades - 4 chav rau txhua tus tub rog thiab 10 anti-tank grenades rau tag nrho cov ciam teb ncej …
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tshaj tawm tus naj npawb 64 tus tiv thaiv ciam teb: lub taub hau ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv thiab ob tus neeg sawv cev, 1 tus thawj coj thiab 7 tus thawj coj pab pawg. Qhov chaw tawm tsam muaj riam phom nrog 2 Maxim hnyav tshuab rab phom, 4 Degtyarev lub teeb tshuab rab phom thiab 56 phom. Raws li, qhov nyiaj ntawm cov mos txwv ntau dua nyob hauv qhov chaw nrog 42 tus tub rog. Ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kev tshem tawm ciam teb ntawm cov ciam teb, qhov xwm txheej tau tsim kev phom sij tshaj plaws, cov mos txwv tau nce ntxiv ib thiab ib nrab zaug, tab sis kev txhim kho tom ntej ntawm cov xwm txheej pom tias cov mos txwv no txaus rau tsuas yog 1 - 2 hnub ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Lub tshuab txhais lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus ncej ciam teb yog xov tooj. Cov tsheb ntawm lub chaw tos tsheb npav yog 2 lub tsheb uas siv lub zog.
Nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1941, cov tuam txhab mortars thiab rab phom submachine pib tuaj txog hauv cov cheeb tsam ciam teb nyob rau sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm Soviet Union: 50 mm mortars tuaj txog - 357 units, 3517 Degtyarev submachine phom thiab 18 thawj phom tiv thaiv lub tank.
Txhua tus ciam teb ciam teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos ib ntu mus tas li ntawm lub xeev ciam teb nrog qhov ntev ntawm 6 - 8 km, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab thaj av. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau pom meej tias kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev ua tub rog ntawm tus ciam teb tau tso cai nws ua tiav kev sib ntaus tawm tsam ib tus neeg ua txhaum cai ntawm ciam teb, kev ua phem thiab kev saib xyuas pab pawg thiab pab pawg me me ntawm cov yeeb ncuab (los ntawm kev tshem tawm mus rau 2 platoons ntawm lub tuam txhab pab tub rog). Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog ciam teb tuaj yeem tiv taus Wehrmacht cov tub rog, uas muaj ntau dua hauv cov lej thiab riam phom, ua rau lwm nplooj ntawv zoo nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb Niam.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov tub rog ciam teb tau npaj rau kev npaj sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Rau Hli 21. Lawv tau sib txawv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim lawv cov kev pabcuam - kev phom sij tuaj yeem hem txhua hnub, qhov tseeb, lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog ntawm USSR.
Saib ntawm tus tiv thaiv ciam teb Soviet. Hnub kawg ntawm kev thaj yeeb, Lub Rau Hli 1941
Kev pib ua tsov rog
Thawj qhov pom cov yeeb ncuab thiab koom nrog kev sib ntaus yog ciam teb cais tawm ntawm lub luag haujlwm. Siv yav tas los npaj ua haujlwm tua hluav taws, nrog rau cov chaw nyob ntuj, cov neeg sib cais tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab thiab yog li ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm kev phom sij rau qhov chaw nyob. Ntau tus tub rog tuag nyob rau thawj qhov kev sib ntaus, thiab cov neeg muaj txoj sia tau rov qab mus rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv thiab koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv. Hauv thaj chaw uas cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm Wehrmacht tau nce qib, lawv cov yeeb ncuab siab tshaj plaws feem ntau yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov cuab yeej siv tsheb, uas, vim tias lawv ua tau zoo tshaj hauv cov lej thiab riam phom, tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm - 1-2 teev. Ib qho ntxiv, feem ntau cov chav tseem ceeb tsis tau tso tseg, tab sis tau txav mus los, lub chaw tiv thaiv, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem coj nws ncaj qha, raug thaiv los ntawm cov tub rog me me, tom qab ntawd lawv tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam nrog hluav taws, thiab ua tiav cov neeg muaj txoj sia nyob. Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov tub rog zaum kawg uas tau tsaws hauv qab daus, nrog kev pab los ntawm sappers, ua rau cov av tawg.
Cov chaw tiv thaiv, uas tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuab tseem ceeb, tuav ntev dua, tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog tawm tsam nrog rab phom tshuab thiab phom ntev, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam thiab huab cua. Cov peev txheej ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm lub chaw haujlwm thiab tshem tawm ciam teb, yuav luag tsis koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv, feem ntau lawv tau sib ntaus sib tua twb nyob hauv ib pab pawg ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab, koom nrog kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsaws, ua kom puas tsuaj thiab saib xyuas cov yeeb ncuab, lossis tuag. hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv. Qee leej tau swb thaum tsiv mus rau lub chaw tiv thaiv, tsoo rau hauv kab lus ntawm Wehrmacht. Tab sis ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias txhua tus neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb raug tua nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, qee qhov chaw tiv thaiv tau hais kom thim rov qab, tus tiv thaiv ciam teb, suav nrog cov tub rog liab tau txuas ntxiv mus thiab koom nrog hauv kev kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab, hauv kev rov kho dua. ntawm ciam teb ntawm USSR.
Ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem kho tsis tau ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941, ntau dua 90% yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm qhov hu ua. "Tsis muaj". Lawv txoj kev tuag tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, nws yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias, tuag tag nrho cov chaw nyob, lawv tau txais sijhawm los nkag rau txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm cov koog uas npog ciam teb ntawm Pab Tub Rog liab, thiab cov chav npog, tig mus, ua kom ntseeg tau kev xa tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov ntsej muag rau lawv cov haujlwm ntxiv. Twb pib thaum tsov rog, "blitzkrieg" "dawm" hla ciam teb pab tub rog ntawm NKVD ntawm USSR.
Piv txwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ciam teb
- Ntu 12 cais pawg tub rog ntawm NKVD, thaum pib ua tsov rog, suav tus lej 1190 tus neeg ua haujlwm, thiab tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic Hiav Txwv los ntawm Cape Kolka mus rau Palanga. Thaum 6.25 teev sawv ntxov Lub Rau Hli 22, 25 tus ciam teb tom ntej tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov chaw nyob tom ntej ntawm 291st Infantry Division ntawm Wehrmacht. Cov kab ntawv ciam teb tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm mus rau Rucava, qhov chaw hauv paus ntawm tus thawj coj thib 5 lub chaw haujlwm thiab lub chaw khaws cia thib 5 tau nyob. Hauv Rucava, platoons thiab tuam txhab tau tsim los ntawm lawv. Txog 13.30 thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, pawg ciam teb sib koom ua haujlwm tau tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm hauv thaj av Rucava. Thaum 15.30, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov yeeb ncuab faib ntawm 14 tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab tau tshwm sim nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus tiv thaiv ciam teb tiv thaiv thaj chaw, lawv tau tso cai rau hauv qhov chaw thiab rhuav tshem. Thaum 16.20, pab pawg saib xyuas tus yeeb ncuab thib ob tau tshwm sim, uas twb tau suav nrog 30 tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab, nws tseem raug rhuav tshem. Thaum 17.30, tus yeeb ncuab kem mus rau 1st Infantry Battalion tau mus txog thaj tsam tiv thaiv ciam teb. Tus tiv thaiv ciam teb tseem tswj hwm nws los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob - nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm tus tiv thaiv ciam teb, cov yeeb ncuab tsis txawm tig rov los hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tam sim ntawd khiav. Ib pab tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb tsoo tom qab, vim li ntawd, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, uas dhau los ua kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes, cov yeeb ncuab rog raug rhuav tshem. Cov neeg German tau poob ntau dua 250 tus neeg, 45 lub tsheb maus taus, 6 lub qhov rooj thiab 12 lub tshuab phom phom, thiab ntau lwm yam riam phom raug ntes. Thaum 20.30, Wehrmacht tau coj mus rau qhov ua yuam kev thiab cuam ib pab tub rog me mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txhawb nqa los ntawm lub tuam txhab ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj tub rog nqa khoom thiab tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv ciam teb tau tawg, lawv tau rov mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Pape chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab 2 teev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Nice. Thaum 14.30 thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, cov seem ntawm kev tshem tawm tau rov tawm tsam thiab nyob ib puag ncig hauv thaj tsam Bernachey, qhov uas txhua tus pw hauv kev sib ntaus zaum kawg.
Lwm qhov, qhov loj ntawm kev tshem tawm, suav nrog nws lub hauv paus chaw, tau nyob ib puag ncig, suav nrog ib feem ntawm 67th Infantry Division, hauv Libau. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, cov tub ceev xwm tiv thaiv ciam teb, suav nrog 114th Phom Phim Nyuj Vais, tau sim tsoo tawm ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis ua tsis tau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog 165 tus tiv thaiv ciam teb tuaj yeem hla dhau los ntawm Libau ib puag ncig.
- Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, tom qab ua rau cov phom loj tsoo, cov yeeb ncuab tau sim npaj ntau txoj kev hla los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Romania hla ciam dej, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Tab sis cov yeeb ncuab tau ntsib txhua qhov chaw los ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws zoo ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb. Cov ciam teb ntawm txhua qhov tau txhawb nqa los ntawm rab phom loj thiab kev pab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov tub rog ntawm cov npog npog ntawm pab tub rog liab. Kev nce qib ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog German, Romanian thiab Hungarian tau poob nyiaj ntau hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab lawv tau rov qab los rau lawv txoj haujlwm qub. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab txoj kev loj hla tus dej Prut, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab txhais tes, lawv raug rhuav tshem.
Qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv ntu no ntawm kev tawm tsam Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj yog qhov kev coj ua tsis yog tiv thaiv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ua tiav kev ua phem ntawm Soviet cov tub rog nrog kev tsaws ntawm pab tub rog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Romania. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 23-25, tus tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm Izmail tshem tawm, ua ke nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov nkoj ciam teb uas tiv thaiv lub xeev ciam teb ntawm Soviet Union raws tus Dej Danube, ua tiav kev tsaws ntawm Romanian thaj chaw. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm chav nyob ntawm 51st Infantry Division. Tom qab thawj qhov kev ua tiav tiav, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog thiab Tus Thawj Coj ntawm 9th Army Cherevichenko txiav txim siab ua qhov haujlwm tsaws loj nrog kev ntes Romanian lub nroog Kilia-Veche. Roj teeb Artillery tau nyob ntawd, uas tiv thaiv kev ua ntawm Soviet nkoj ntawm Danube. Cov lus txib ntawm kev tsaws yog coj los ntawm tus neeg tsav nkoj-ciam teb tiv thaiv Lieutenant-Commander Kubyshkin I. K.
Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 26, 1941, cov nkoj hla ciam teb ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub tau tsaws cov tub rog los ntawm cov chaw ntawm ciam teb cais, ua ke nrog cov chav ntawm 23 cov phom loj ntawm 51st phom sib faib, lawv tau tawm tsam txoj haujlwm ntawm Romanian pab tub rog. qhov txav mus. Cov neeg Romanians tau tawm tsam hnyav, tab sis thaum 10 teev sawv ntxov sawv ntxov lub zog tsaws tsag tau hla tus choj hla mus txog 4 km dav thiab mus txog 3 km tob, kov yeej cov tub rog Romanian cov tub rog, cov ciam teb tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm cov tub rog sib ntaus. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 27, cov yeeb ncuab yuav luag tsis tawm tsam peb cov tsaws tsag, tab sis cov neeg tua rog Soviet, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov phom loj ntawm cov nkoj ciam teb, ua tiav cov kev tawm tsam no. Qhov no tau tso cai hais kom thim Soviet cov tub rog, thauj thiab thauj cov neeg caij nkoj thiab cov nkoj ntawm Danube los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tua hluav taws, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv cov yeeb ncuab ntes tau tsis suav nrog. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 28, los ntawm kev xaj ntawm cov tub rog hais kom ua, Soviet tsaws tau ua tiav rov qab los rau nws lub ntug dej.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 1941, tsab cai tshwj xeeb tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg (SNK) ntawm Soviet Union, raws li cov tub rog NKVD tau txais txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv tom qab ntawm cov tub rog nquag. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2, 1941, txhua qhov ciam teb, cov haujlwm hauv qab uas tau ua haujlwm raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm caj npab raws tag nrho ntev ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej, hloov mus ua haujlwm tshiab kev sib ntaus. Tau koom nrog Qib ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab, ua ke nrog nws, tus tiv thaiv ciam teb tau tag nrho kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov neeg German ntxeem tau, lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog: sib ntaus tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab txawj ntse, tiv thaiv tom qab ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab cov tub rog los ntawm saboteurs, kev rhuav tshem ntawm pab pawg sib tw, cov seem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab puag ncig. Cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb txhua qhov qhia txog kev ua siab loj, kev txawj ntse, ua siab ntev, ua siab loj thiab mob siab rau tus kheej rau lawv lub tebchaws Soviet. Hwm thiab qhuas lawv!
Hauv daim duab, Ivan Aleksandrovich Kichigin zaum ntawm sab laug ntawm rab phom tshuab Maxim hauv lub hau. Mus dhau kev ua tsov rog tag nrho.
