Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 26, 1712, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Peter I, pib ntawm Tula caj npab Hoobkas tau tso
Hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia thiab Lavxias pab tub rog, Tula thiab nws cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv yeej ib txwm ua si thiab tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws tsis yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas lub nroog no hu ua yog lub peev txheej peev ntawm Russia, lossis lub hauv paus loj ntawm riam phom Lavxias. Txawm tias niaj hnub no muaj cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Urals thiab Udmurtia uas loj dua thiab tseem ceeb dua rau lub tebchaws kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv, tab sis Tula cov kws siv phom yuav nyob mus ib txhis, tej zaum, nto moo tshaj plaws thiab muaj dab neeg tshaj. Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - thawj zaug. Tom qab tag nrho, txoj cai ntawm Peter I ntawm lub koom haum hauv Tula ntawm lub xeev tsim cov riam phom rau cov tub rog Lavxias tshiab tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15 (26), 1712.
Rau ntau dua peb caug xyoo ntawm nws keeb kwm, Tula Arms Plant, uas ib zaug tau txais lub npe "Imperial Tula Caj Npab Tsob Nroog ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Loj Artillery" (tau txais nws los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Emperor Alexander II ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 13, 1875), thiab tom qab - " Tula Emperor Peter the Great Arms Plant "(txij li Lub Ob Hlis 28, 1912 los ua kev nco txog 200 xyoos), tau ntsib ntau yam xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Qee tus ntawm lawv, qhov ci tshaj plaws, thiab cov qauv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Tula riam phom, tsim nyog nco txog tsob ntoo hnub yug.
Yam Peter kuv tau txib
Txoj cai lij choj ntawm Peter I, uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau lub xeev tsim cov riam phom hauv Tula, tau hu ua "Npe, tshaj tawm los ntawm Senate. - Ntawm kev teem sijhawm ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Volkonsky los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Tula cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab ntawm kev tswj hwm cov chaw tsim khoom no raws li cov khoom siv dag zog thiab nyiaj txiag "(lub cim cim ntawm qhov qub tau khaws cia). Nws hais tias: "Tus muaj hwj chim loj tau taw qhia: raws li nws tus kheej txoj cai tswj hwm txoj cai, ntawm Tula cov chaw tsim khoom siv tes ua, cov kws txawj ua phom, ib xyoos: rab phom thiab tub rog 15,000 fuses nrog riam, los ntawm Siberian hlau; thiab rau qhov rab phom rau cov kws ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau muab ruble rau 24 altyns, 2 nyiaj rau fusée nrog rab riam. Thiab kom yog kev lag luam caj npab nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm tus tswv Prince Volkonskago. Thiab rau txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam riam phom, tau pom qhov chaw yooj yim nrog kev daws teeb meem riam phom, tsim cov chaw uas fusa rab phom tuaj yeem raug drilled thiab tshem tawm, thiab cov lus dav thiab riam tuaj yeem ua kom ntse nrog dej. Thiab yog tias rau kev lag luam caj npab thiab rau txhua lub tsev tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj qee yam txuj ci rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws lossis cov neeg Lavxias: thiab rau nws, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Volkonsky, cov neeg zoo li no yuav tsum tau nrhiav thiab siv rau kev lag luam caj npab ntawd, thiab thoob plaws hauv ib puag ncig ntawm qhov txuj ci ntawm cov kws txua khoom yuav tsum tau muab sib ntxiv, kom thiaj li zoo li cov phom yuav tau ua nrog ntau qhov ntxiv. Thiab rab phom, ob rab phom thiab tub rog, tseem rab yaj phom, thaum xaj kom ua nrog tib lub peev xwm."
Yog li, Peter txoj cai tsis tsuas yog hais txog kev tsim thawj lub xeev cov riam phom tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Russia, tsis yog txiav txim siab qhov ntim ntawm lub xeev xaj xaj riam phom niaj hnub rau cov tub rog Lavxias tshiab, tab sis kuj - thiab tseem yog thawj zaug hauv Russia! - teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim riam phom ntawm ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, Tsar Lavxias yuav luag hla Europe, qhov twg tsis yog txhua lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd los rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv riam phom ntawm ib leeg.
Yuav ua li cas rab phom Maxim tau koom ua ke hauv Tula
Daim ntawv cog lus rau kev tsim Maxim rab phom tshuab ntawm Tula Arms Plant tau kos npe thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1904, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis nws cov ntawv tsim tawm tau pib lawm. Cov riam phom, uas yuav tsum yog lub xov tooj txawb tau, lub sijhawm ntawd tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom hnyav nrog lub log loj thiab lub rooj zaum rau lub tshuab rab phom. Hauv daim ntawv no, Tula tshuab rab phom ntawm Maxim tau nkag mus rau Lavxias-Nyij Pooj ua tsov rog, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau pom meej tias lawv yuav tsum sib zog dua thiab sib zog dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, xyoo 1909, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Loj tau tuav kev sib tw rau kev tsim kho lub tshuab rab phom niaj hnub no, uas tau yeej qhov Tula rab phom. Lawv hloov qee qhov hnyav ntawm tooj liab nrog cov hlau hnyav dua, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lawv tsim lub tshuab tshiab, kev cog lus thiab lub teeb yuag thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog tshiab. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, Tula tus tswv muaj peev xwm txhim kho thiab siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav thiab npaj cov tshuab rab phom, uas lawv tau hloov pauv tau. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Maxim tshuab rab phom nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tau ua tiav los ntawm ib lub chaw tsim riam phom hauv ntiaj teb.
Peb-kab tau yug los ntawm no
Mosin peb-kab phom nrov yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv riam phom uas tau txais lub koob meej tsis yog rau lawv tus tsim xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau cov nroj tsuag uas tau tsim lawv cov khoom, tsis hais txog lub tebchaws uas lawv sawv cev. Nws tus tsim qauv - tus thawj coj (lub sijhawm ntawd) Sergei Mosin - tau ua haujlwm ntawm Tula Arms Plant hauv xyoo 1875, tom qab nws kawm tiav los ntawm Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy nrog tus puav pheej kub. Yim xyoo tom qab, tau txais kev paub dhau los, Mosin pib txhim kho cov phom phom thawj zaug. Thiab xyoo 1891, nws rab phom peb kab - uas yog, 7.62 mm - yog los ntawm kev sib tw tawv nrog Belgian Leon Nagant rab phom, yeej kev sib tw rau tus qauv tshiab phom rau cov tub rog Lavxias. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe "Qauv 1891 Peb-Kab Phom Loj".
Xyoo 1900, ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Ntiaj Teb hauv Paris, tsuas yog cov phom ntev, thiab tsis tshwj xeeb tau ua, tab sis raug coj los ntawm ib pawg uas ib txwm ua, tau txais Grand Prix. Peb kab, hloov kho tshiab hauv xyoo 1930, tseem ua haujlwm nyob hauv nws lub tebchaws txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1970s. Rau yuav luag ib puas xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam, nws tau txais lub koob meej ntawm ib ntawm cov neeg nyob ntev tshaj plaws, txhim khu kev qha thiab siv riam phom yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb hais txog kev tsim qauv thiab kev saib xyuas.
Mosin phom. Yees duab: tehnika-molodezhi.com
Tiv thaiv - yog li koj li!
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29, 1941, cov chav ua haujlwm siab tshaj ntawm Wehrmacht tau mus rau sab nrauv ntawm Tula-qhov no yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis pub dhau plaub caug peb hnub ntawm lub nroog no pib, uas dhau los ua ib nplooj ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Txog lub sijhawm no, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Tula Caj Npab Cog Tseg tau raug tshem tawm lawm: kev hloov cov tib neeg thiab cov cuab yeej siv mus rau sab hnub tuaj tau pib ib nrab lub hlis ua ntej ntawd (thiab twb nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis, cov nroj tsuag, uas tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tshiab hauv lub nroog Mednogorsk, Orenburg Thaj Chaw, tsim nws thawj cov khoom lag luam). Tsuas yog muaj peev xwm siv riam phom me me nyob hauv lub nroog ntau dua li qhov yuav tsum tau tswj hwm cov riam phom uas twb tau ua haujlwm lawm. Tab sis Tula cov tub rog, uas tau ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv, tsis muaj cov riam phom txaus. Thiab tom qab ntawd Tula Arms Plant tau pib tsim cov phom submachine, tsim los ntawm ib tus kws siv phom hauv zos - Sergei Korovin, tus sau ntawm lub npe nrov "dav" me me -caliber rab phom TK ("Tula Korovin"). Nws yog lub tshuab ua tau zoo heev: lub teeb heev, nws suav nrog yuav luag tag nrho ntawm cov khoom ntim, uas ua kom nrawm dua thiab ua kom yooj yim dua cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov khoom. Cov tub rog tau txaus siab rau qhov zoo li qhov ua rau muaj hluav taws tsawg. PPK peb caug -ntawv xov xwm raug rho tawm ob zaug qeeb dua li PPSh - nws 76 ncig, thiab yog li ntawd tau tua ntau dua.
Forge ntawm legends
Tula Caj Dab Tsob Ntoo tau nrov npe tsis yog rau rab phom Mosin, rab phom tshuab Maxim thiab rab phom Korovin submachine. Ntawm lwm cov riam phom nto moo uas tau tsim los ntawm no thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws yog, piv txwv li, Tokarev tus kheej phom phom ntawm 1938/40 tus qauv. Nws tau tsim los ntawm caj npab tus tsim qauv Fyodor Tokarev, uas tseem tsim lwm zaj dab neeg Tula - TT, uas yog, "Tula Tokarev", rab yaj phom tseem ceeb ntawm Pab Tub Rog Liab thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. SVT dhau los ua ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej thauj phom ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, ua rau lub xib teg nyob hauv tus lej ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tsuas yog rau Asmeskas M1 "Garand", tab sis khaws cov thawj coj hauv "kev tua hluav taws" tshaj plaws.
Hauv Tula, ShKAS kuj tseem tau tsim thiab tsim tawm-lub dav hlau tua hluav taws tshuab rab phom ntawm Shpitalny-Komaritsky caliber 7, 62 mm. Nws yog thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm cov riam phom no hauv USSR - thiab cov riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus neeg tua rog Soviet thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic. Cov kws siv phom Tula kuj tau tsim thiab sib sau ua ke lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm riam phom dav hlau - ShVAK 20 -mm rab phom loj. Cov ntawv luv no sawv rau "Shpitalny-Vladimirov lub dav hlau loj": thaum xub thawj nws yog rab phom tshuab 12-hli, tab sis thaum nws tau pom tseeb tias lub peev xwm tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yam tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus, nws tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv rab phom.
