Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1940, SVT -40 phom tau txais yuav hauv USSR - yog ib tus qauv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv riam phom tsis zoo ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Ib qho ntawm cov tub rog muaj suab npe hais tias nws tsis yog riam phom sib ntaus - nws yog cov neeg uas tawm tsam leej twg tuav nws hauv lawv txhais tes. Hauv lwm lo lus, tsis muaj teeb meem zoo npaum li cas lossis qhov piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog yuav yog, txhua qhov zoo tuaj yeem raug tsis pom zoo los ntawm kev siv tsis raug. Hloov pauv, tus tub rog uas txawj tshaj lij yuav tig txawm tias cov riam phom tsis muaj zog los ua lub zog loj. Txhua qhov no ncaj qha siv rau ib qho ntawm nto moo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev sib cav tshuaj ntsuam ntawm Russia riam phom-tus kheej phom phom ntawm tus tsim qauv Fedor Tokarev SVT-40. Nws tau txais los ntawm Red Army thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1940 los ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg hauv USSR Council of People Commissars vim yog kev hloov kho tshiab ua ntej - SVT -38, kev tsim khoom uas pib xyoo 1939. Thiab ua tsaug rau qhov no, Russia tau dhau los ua ib ntawm ob lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb uas tau ntsib Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob nrog cov phom uas nws tus kheej thauj mus los pab nrog lawv cov tub rog. Lub tebchaws thib ob yog Tebchaws Meskas, uas tau siv nws cov tub rog tua rog nrog Garand M1 tus kheej nqa phom.
Tej zaum nws nyuaj rau pom hauv cov npe ntev ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev piv txwv thib ob ntawm qhov tsis meej pem thiab qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis sib xws ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm riam phom, uas SVT-40 tau txais. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws nyuaj nrhiav txawm hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb xws li rab phom uas yuav tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo heev. Tom qab tag nrho, raws li peb tau hais los lawm, nws txhua yam nyob ntawm seb muaj kev paub thiab muaj peev xwm npaum li cas tus neeg tua rog tuav riam phom hauv nws txhais tes, nws paub nws zoo npaum li cas thiab ua li cas thiaj muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas SVT-40 tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Sveta" ntawm cov tub rog Soviet: ntawm ib sab, nws tau muab siab npuab rau cov uas hlub nws tiag thiab saib xyuas nws zoo, thiab ntawm lwm qhov, lub npe no tseem muaj cov lus ncaj qha mus rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm rab phom …. Nws tau thov los ntawm nws tus tswv tsis yog tsuas yog kev paub txuj ci, vim nws xav tau kev kho kom zoo nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, tab sis tseem ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas tas li, vim nws yog tus zoo tiag tiag. Txawm tias cov roj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau SVT-40 puas tsuaj, tsis hais txog cov av hauv av.
Ib qho ntxiv, Tokarev tus kheej thauj khoom yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj raws li kev tsim qauv: yuav luag ib thiab ib nrab ib puas feem, suav nrog ob peb lub kaum os me me, thiab ob lub kaum os. Tsis yog txhua tus, txawm tias ua ntej kev ua rog ntawm Red Army, tuaj yeem lis txhua lub tshuab no. Raws li kev nco txog cov thawj coj tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej ua tsov rog, txawm tias nyob hauv ib feem ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob, qhov twg, ua ntej tshaj plaws, tom qab tau txais SVT-40, los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog, tsis yog txhua tus tub rog zoo li tiag tau muaj nws. Tab sis "Sveta", raws li kev npaj ua ntej ua tsov rog, yog los ua riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib faib phom ntawm pab tub rog liab, ua tiav qhov hloov pauv "mosinka" tus qauv tsim xyoo 1891/1930. Raws li cov xeev ua ntej ua tsov rog, ib feem peb ntawm riam phom ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab phom yuav tsum yog SVT-40, thaum nyob hauv tuam txhab phom loj feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom yuav luag yuav luag peb lub hlis, thiab cov phom phom tau ua nrog lawv tag nrho.. (Qhov sib piv, uas yog coj txawv txawv rau ib tus neeg pej xeem, tau piav qhia yooj yim: hauv cov pab pawg los ntawm cov tub rog thiab saum toj no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus thiab tsis yog cov tub rog, uas yuav tsum muaj riam phom yooj yim, maj mam nce ntxiv.)
Ua tiav raws li cov phiaj xwm no, kev tsim khoom ntawm SVT-40 tau teem tseg, pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 1940. Txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub hlis no, tsob ntoo Tula, uas dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phom loj, tau tsim 3416 chav nyob, thaum Lub Yim Hli - 8100 chav nyob, thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hli - 10 700 units. Xyoo 1941, nws tau npaj tsim 1.8 lab SVT-40 (Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant kuj tau koom nrog kev tsim khoom), xyoo 1942-2 lab, thiab tag nrho ntim los ntawm 1943, raws li tau npaj tseg, yuav tsum yog 4 lab 450 txhiab. chav nyob … Tab sis kev ua tsov rog tau ua nws tus kheej hloov kho rau cov haujlwm no. Xyoo 1941, me ntsis ntau dua li ib lab rab phom tau tsim, suav nrog 1,031,861 tsis tu ncua thiab 34,782 phom ntev, uas tau txawv los ntawm kev kawm paub ntau ntxiv ntawm lub thoob qhov taub thiab qhov tshwj xeeb nthuav tawm uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce lub PU sniper pom tsim rau nws. Tab sis twb nyob rau lub Kaum Hli, thaum cov yeeb ncuab tuaj txog Tula, kev tso phom ntev tau tso tseg. Kev tsim tawm tau raug tshem tawm mus rau Urals, mus rau lub nroog Mednogorsk, qhov uas nws tuaj yeem rov pib dua nws tsuas yog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1942 (thiab txog rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub rog xav tau cov phom loj ntawm tus kheej tau txaus siab los ntawm Izhevsk nkaus xwb).
Txog rau lub sijhawm no, yuav luag tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm Red Army uas tau ntsib cov yeeb ncuab ntawm ciam teb sab hnub poob. Raws li, feem ntau ntawm cov phom SVT -40 uas nyob hauv lawv cov khoom siv kuj tau ploj lawm - raws li cov ntaub ntawv, cov tub rog tau plam yuav luag ib lab units ntawm cov riam phom no, uas tseem nyob hauv tshav rog tom qab tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Qhov poob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau them nyiaj rau los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntau, tab sis cov neeg tua rog tshiab tsis tau ua tiav kev qhia tua txaus, tsis hais txog tias lawv mob siab rau cov cuab yeej nyuaj xws li rab phom Tokarev. Lawv xav tau peb kab yooj yim dua, thiab kev txiav txim siab nyuaj tau txiav txim siab: txhawm rau txo qis kev tsim khoom ntawm SVT txhawm rau txhawm rau nthuav kev tsim cov mosin phom loj. Yog li xyoo 1942 cov chaw tsim khoom tsim tawm tsuas yog 264,148 units ntawm cov pa SVT-40 thiab 14,210 units. Cov phom ntev tau tsim tawm hauv cov khoom me me txawm tias tom qab ntawd, kom txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 3, 1945, tsab cai lij choj GKO tau tshaj tawm kom tsis ua haujlwm ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xav tsis thoob, qhov kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob tsim cov phom nyob hauv txhua qhov kev hloov pauv - ob tus kheej thauj khoom thiab tsis siv neeg, ntxiv rau sniper - tsis tau ua raws …
Sniper SVT-40. Yees duab: popgun.ru
Tus phom loj nqa tus kheej coj nws tus tsim, tus kws hais lus zoo phom Russia Fyodor Tokarev, Stalin Prize, lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Socialist Labor thiab qib ntawm kws kho mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txuj Ci, uas tau muab rau nws hauv tib lub xyoo 1940. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev paub txog cov tub rog Red Army, tshwj xeeb yog Marines. Kev lig kev cai, cov tub hluas uas tau kawm ntau dua thiab paub txuj ci tau raug hu mus rau Navy, leej twg, ntxiv rau, thaum lawv cov kev pabcuam tau txais kev paub ntau dua hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem nyuaj, thiab yog li ntawd, nyob hauv cov tub rog, lawv tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev tuav lub peev xwm "Suav". Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, "lub tsho dub" zoo siab rau SVT-40 rau nws lub zog tua hluav taws: txawm hais tias Tokarev tus kheej thauj khoom tau qis dua "Mosinka" hauv kev tua raug, kaum-kaum phau ntawv xov xwm thiab muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm tus nqi siab dua ua rau nws yooj yim dua riam phom tiv thaiv. Thiab rab ntaj-hom bayonet SVT tau yooj yim dua ob qho tib si hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua (txawm tias nws tseem xav tau qee yam txuj ci), thiab raws li rab phom txias thoob ntiaj teb: tsis zoo li qhov tseem ceeb tetrahedral bayonet "Mosinka", Tokarevsky tau hnav ntawm txoj siv hauv txoj hlua thiab tuaj yeem siv raws li rab ntaj lossis riam.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm SVT-40 caj npab me me kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog yog nyob hauv cov chav uas tau tawm tsam nyob rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb vim li cas. Hauv Arctic, kev ua siab phem yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lawv qhov kev siv tau qis dua li ntawm lwm qhov. Raws li, feem pua ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub uas tseem nyob hauv qib uas tau ntsib kev ua tsov rog nrog SVT hauv lawv txhais tes thiab khaws lawv cov riam phom, uas ua rau lawv hwm thiab hlub, tau siab dua. Tab sis ntawm cov neeg tua phom, tsis hais txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua phem, rab phom Tokarev tsis xav tau ntau: kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab muaj qhov pom tau zoo heev ntawm qhov raug thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob tsis yog qhov taw qhia uas tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm sniper. Txawm li cas los xij, SVT-40 tau siv hauv chav sniper kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thiab muaj ntau lub hom phiaj tua zoo uas tau rhuav tshem kaum ob lossis ntau pua tus neeg fascists thiab tsis kam hloov nws mus rau qhov raug dua thiab tsis muaj peev xwm peb kab.
Los ntawm txoj kev, SVT -40 kuj tseem tau txais kev hwm los ntawm peb cov neeg sib tw - Cov Neeg German thiab Finns. Cov tom kawg tau paub nrog SVT thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg hauv SVT-38 version thiab coj nws los ua qauv rau lawv tus kheej ntawm cov phom loj uas nws tus kheej nqa. Hauv Wehrmacht, SVT feem ntau tau saws, txawm hais tias txwv, nyob hauv lub npe Selbstladegewehr (txhais tau tias: "tus kheej nqa phom") 259 (r), qhov ntawv no txhais tau tias yog lub tebchaws tsim khoom - Russia. Cov tub rog German, ntsib qhov tsis txaus siv riam phom tsis txaus ntseeg, txaus siab rau cov phom no los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog, ceeb toom nrog kev khib uas pom tseeb tias cov neeg Lavxias, piv rau lawv, yuav luag tsis muaj kev zam tshwj xeeb nrog rab phom tshuab tshuab (xws li, tshwj xeeb, ib Cov tub rog German tau sau ntawv mus rau nws cov txheeb ze, uas tshwm sim nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj). SVT -40 tau txais kev hwm zoo ib yam los ntawm Asmeskas tus kws tshaj lij, uas sib piv nws nrog lawv M1 - thiab sib cav tias rab phom Lavxias hla nws, tshwj xeeb, hais txog kev yooj yim ntawm kev thau khoom thiab cov peev txheej ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm, thiab cov no yog cov cim tseem ceeb heev rau tub rog zoo tib yam.
Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem li cas qhov kev paub ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus ntawm SVT-40 yog, nws tau dhau los ua lub cim zoo ib yam ntawm kev yeej ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, zoo li Mosin peb kab thiab PPSh cov lus dab neeg. Tokarevskaya tus kheej thauj khoom tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau daim duab, tha xim thiab ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab cov pej xeem cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom no tau siv rau niaj hnub no: los ntawm cov phom uas tsis tau tso tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom siv riam phom tsim ntau qhov kev hloov kho ntawm riam phom tua phom, uas xav tau ruaj khov. Thaum kawg, qhov pom tau zoo ntawm SVT kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv nws qhov ua tiav - lub npe nrov Dragunov sniper phom, SVD: kev tsim tsim los ntawm tus kws qhia phom tus kheej, yav dhau los Cossack centurion Fyodor Tokarev nyob deb 1940 tau dhau los ua qhov ua tiav.
