Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev

Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev
Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev

Video: Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev

Video: Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev
Video: The Healing Garden (2021) | Full Movie | Jeremy Cumrine | Sam Del Rio | Dan Foote 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Koj puas xav tias koj nyiam Portuguese tom qab?

Lossis tej zaum koj sab laug nrog Malay …

UA Vertinsky

Nws ib txwm tau ua thiab yuav ib txwm yog li ntawd qee qhov kev tsim qauv zoo yuav dhau los ua khov kho uas tom qab ntawd tib neeg yuav rov qab los rau nws ntau zaus, hone nws mus rau qhov zoo meej tiag, kom txog thaum, kwv yees hais lus, txhua tus tsuas yog nkees ntawm nws! Ntawd yog, nws yuav tsis dhau mus dhau ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab lub cev!

Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev …
Ib ntawm heiresses ntawm Henry lub phom ntev …

Cov tub rog Greek nrog rab phom Gras los ntawm xyoo 1874.

Nyob rau ib lub sijhawm, cov dab neeg zoo sib xws tshwm sim nrog "Henry phom", uas txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam phom ntawm nws lub sijhawm los ntawm qhov muaj cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab thiab cov ntsia hlau uas tswj los ntawm qib - "Henry's bracket". Nws tau tshaj tawm, nws tau qhuas, vim tias nws tseem tab tom daws cov lus nug ntawm kev thauj khoom ob zaug *, uas cuam tshuam heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd *, tab sis cov lus nug yog, vim li cas nws thiaj tsis muaj lub hauv paus? Ntawd yog, thaum lub caij ntuj no koj yuav tsum tuav nws los ntawm cov hlau txias lossis koj puas yuav tsum hnav looj hnab looj tes? Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj nws vim yog cov yam ntxwv tsim!

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Duab

Henry rab phom.

Muaj ib lub qhov uas tus tooj dag ntawm tus cartridge pusher mus. Thiab nyob rau sab saum toj, lub raj tau tawg, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj muaj L-puab qhov zawj. Ntawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab tus qib no, zoo li hauv MP-40, rau hauv qhov zawj no, tom qab ntawd tsa qhov siab ntawm lub raj thiab tshem nws los ntawm tus nqes los ntawm qis dua.

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Saib Henry lub phom ntev ntawm lub qhov ncauj thaum thauj khoom.

Sab qaum tau thim rov qab mus rau sab, thiab sab qis tau ntim nrog daim cartridges "rov qab rau pem hauv ntej". Thiab tom qab ntawd txhua qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv kev thim rov qab. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev dag txhua qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav, tab sis tsuas yog qhov tsis yooj yim. Thiab tus qib … sai li sai tau thaum nws tau txais hauv qab cov ntiv tes ntawm sab tes laug, nws cuam tshuam.

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Henry lub khw muag phom thiab mos txwv.

Nws ua nws rab phom nyob rau hmo ua tsov rog nruab nrab ntawm Sab Qaum Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb thiab tau tsib xyoos cov neeg Asmeskas tau tua ib leeg nrog nws, tab sis thaum xyoo 1866 Nelson King tau txhim kho "phom phom Henry" los ntawm kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj rau thau cov cartridges thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv cartridge ejector, nws tau dhau los ua qhov zoo dua. Nrog kev thauj khoom, tab sis tsis nrog lub zog thiab thaj tsam ntawm rab phom no nws tus kheej, uas, raws li koj paub, txawm hais tias txhua qhov kev siv zog ntawm Oliver Winchester, yeej tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv Asmeskas Tub Rog! Tib yam tuaj yeem hais tau rau lwm tus neeg Asmeskas qib siv phom ntev xws li Ballard, Burgess, Colt Lighting, Kennedy thiab Marlin. Qhov tseeb, tom kawg tsis tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sim ua phom rau rab phom phom loj. Qhov kev zam yog Winchester tib yam nrog nws rab phom xyoo 1895 thiab lub tuam txhab Savage (lossis Savage), uas tsim xyoo 1899 tus qauv phom loj - nrog tus pas nrig qis, lub ntsej muag zoo li tus ntsia hlau thiab … los saib nws tiag.

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Daim duab ntawm Savage rab phom ntaus ntawv.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub khw hauv qab lub thawv tau nyiam cov neeg tsim khoom uas lawv, nrog lub zog tsim nyog ntawm kev siv tau zoo dua, txuas ntxiv tsim riam phom ntawm qhov kev tsim thiab, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lawv txawm ua tiav ntawm txoj kev no. Thiab tsis ntau npaum li ntawd hauv Tebchaws Meskas nws tus kheej, zoo li hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas yog, txawv tebchaws! Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias rab phom ntawm 10, 4-mm caliber nrog cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab rau 11 ncig tau tsim los ntawm Swiss cov kws siv phom Friedrich Wetterli. Hauv nws rab phom, nws xub pom lub hauv paus yooj yim thiab thawj hauv paus ntsiab lus: tus nruas tau tsoo los ntawm tig lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, thaum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj raug rub rov qab, cov mos txwv poob los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm mus rau tus pub mis, thiab thaum ntsia liaj qhov rooj txav mus rau tom ntej, daim cartridge tom ntej yog xa mus rau chav. Thaum rov qhib dua, cov ntaub ntawv siv daim cartridge tau raug tshem tawm uas siv lub tshuab raj.

Lub khw tau ntim nrog cov cartridges, zoo li hauv xyoo 1866 nyuaj tsav, dhau ntawm lub qhov rais ib sab. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv rau 11 daim cartridges uas haum rau hauv lub khw, 1 tuaj yeem yog ntawm tus pub mis thiab 1 - hauv lub thoob. Tag nrho cov 13 puag ncig no tuaj yeem raug rho tawm hauv 40 vib nas this. Yog li, rab phom Wetterly tau tua 45 teev nyob rau ib feeb thiab tseem yog rab phom tua hluav taws nrawm tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe tau kaum xyoo.

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Wetterly rab phom ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab thau khoom qhov rai.

Hauv tebchaws Austria nyob ze, cov tub rog, tub rog thiab tub tiv thaiv ciam teb tau txais Fruvirt carbine, nrog rau 6-puag ncig cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ob daim cartridges ntawm pub thiab hauv lub thoob. Tag nrho cov 8 puag ncig no tuaj yeem raug rho tawm hauv 16 vib nas this, thiab rov qhib cov ntawv xov xwm nrog 6 ncig hauv 12!

Xyoo 1871, phom ntev nrog cov ntawv xov xwm qis hauv qab rau 8 ncig tau tawm los ntawm Mauser cov kwv tij, yog li rov ua lawv cov phom ib leeg rau hauv ntau qhov txhaj tshuaj. Thiab lub tuam txhab Mannlicher coj tib txoj hauv kev xyoo 1882. Qhov txaus siab, ob rab phom no muaj qhov hnyav tib yam - 4.5 kg thiab muaj peev xwm - 11 hli, thiab tus lej ntawm cov mos txwv hauv khw.

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lub yeeb koob ntawm Winchester haunted ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1880, Remington tau sim hla nws dua, uas tseem tsim phom ntev ntawm 11, 43-mm caliber nrog cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab thiab lub Wetterly-type bolt. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom tau sim, tab sis nws yeej tsis tau txais los ua haujlwm.

Thaum Tsov Rog Franco -Prussian xyoo 1870 - 1871. Fabkis muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Nrog rab phom Chasspo hauv kev pabcuam, lawv tau ntsib qhov tiag "riam phom tshaib plab" thiab raug yuam kom siv phom Snyder-Schneider, Mignet muzzle-loading primer phom, nrog rau txawv teb chaws breech-loading phom ntawm Sharpe, Remington, thiab Allen. Ob qhov piv txwv dhau los ua kom zoo dua li Chasspeau system, tab sis lawv tau hais meej tsis txaus. Rearmament in Germany (Mauser, 1871), Bavaria (Werder, 1869), Austria (Werndl, 1867 - 1873), Russia (Berdan, 1870), England (Martini -Henry, 1871), Ltalis (Vetterli, 1872) thiab lwm yam cov xeev yooj yim yuam Fabkis kom siv rab phom tshiab ntawm Basile Gras system xyoo 1874. Nws muaj tus zawv zawg, qhov muaj peev xwm zoo ib yam li rab phom Chasspo - 11 hli. Gra ua ke hauv nws yuav luag txhua qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv riam phom uas tau paub los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Yog li ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Gra shutter ntawm 1874 tus qauv yog qhov tsis muaj kev sib txuas xov hauv nws. Lub qhov rooj muaj tsuas yog xya ntu thiab tuaj yeem raug muab tshem tawm yam tsis tau siv cov cuab yeej hauv ob peb feeb xwb. Txawm hais tias rau rab phom Mosin, tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj, uas tseem suav nrog xya ntu, yog qhov tsim qauv nyuaj dua, tshwj xeeb, nws muaj kev sib txuas xov ntawm cov rauj nrog rauj thiab lub tshuab rho tawm uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tau hauv lub tshav pob. Cartridge Gra muaj lub raj mis tooj dag, tus nqi ntawm rab phom muaj qhov hnyav 5, 25 g, mos txwv hnyav 25 g tau ua los ntawm cov hmoov txhuas dawb huv thiab muaj daim ntawv qhwv. Nruab nrab ntawm cov phom thiab cov mos txwv tau muab tso rau hauv roj, uas muaj cov ciab thiab yaj yaj. Lub chim 82 cm ntev muab lub mos txwv ua ntej tshaj ntawm 450 m / s. Qhov pom tau muaj kev sib cais los ntawm 200 txog 1800 m. Tus nqi hluav taws - 30 ncig ib feeb - tau siab dua li ntawm Mauser rab phom mod. Xyoo 1871 Muaj tseeb, rab phom Gras raug thuam rau kev nyab xeeb, tab sis Fab Kis lawv tus kheej tsis suav tias nws yog lub cuab yeej tsis zoo. Cov phom ntev tau ua nyob rau hauv plaub tus qauv: tub rog, tub rog, tub rog thiab foob pob ua ntxaij qauv.

Cov khoom lag luam tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo zoo nkauj. Lub xov tooj cua muaj T-puab hniav nrog sab nraub qaum, thiab zoo li rab ntaj nrog tus saib xyuas thiab tooj dag tuav nrog ntoo. Feem ntau, rab phom Gra yog thev naus laus zis ntau dua li rab phom Mauser xyoo 1871. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws txoj kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem siab. Tab sis, txawm hais tias txhua yam nws ua tau zoo, nws tseem raug txhaj ib zaug.

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Duab

Phom Loj Steyr-Kropachek M1886 caliber 8 mm.

Lub caij no, hauv tebchaws Austria, Artillery Major Alfred Kropacek tau tsim nws tus kheej hauv qab-thooj ntawv xov xwm nrog lub tshuab pub mis, uas tau tshwj xeeb yoog raws rau hom zawv zawg. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias lub tshuab no tuaj yeem raug kaw los ntawm xauv nws nrog lub latch tshwj xeeb, thiab tua los ntawm rab phom raws li kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg.

Cov tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau dua li lwm yam, ntshai kev siv nyiaj ntau dhau ntawm cov cartridges tshwm sim los ntawm kev muaj phom ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab txiav txim siab xws li kev npaj khw muag khoom tseem ceeb heev. Zoo li, ib tus tub rog yuav tsum tua los ntawm rab phom ntau yam, zoo li los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg. Zoo, cov cartridges hauv khw yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom txog thaum cov lus txib "qhib hluav taws nquag."

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Cov phiaj xwm ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab lub tshuab nqa ntawm rab phom Steyr-Kropachek, 1886

Xyoo 1877 thiab 1878. hauv Fab Kis pib sim tsim cov khw Kropachek, Gra-Kropachek, Krag thiab Hotchkiss. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tau rov kho dua Gra-Kropachek cov ntawv xov xwm phom nrog 7-round raj ntawv xov xwm tau txais, thiab tag nrho 9 txoj kab tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv nws (ib qho hauv tus tiv thaiv thiab ib qho hauv chav). Cov ntawv xov xwm tau rub los ntawm lub qhov rai hauv lub txais los ntawm saum toj nrog lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhib, tab sis qhov hloov pauv, tau kawg, yuav tsum tau qhib. Nws tau ntim ib daim cartridge ib zaug, uas siv sijhawm li 20 vib nas this. Txhua 9 qhov kev sib tw tuaj yeem raug tua hauv 18 vib nas this, tab sis tsis muaj lub hom phiaj. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tsis tau thauj khoom yog 4, 400 kg. Kev hloov pauv ntawm Gras phom tau pib nrawm los ntawm Fab Kis cov riam phom tsim khoom, thiab tam sim ntawd pib nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog.

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Duab

"Peb Hom" yog lub cim ntawm Steyr-Kropachek phom ntev.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib ntawm kev ua tub rog tau ua tiav sai heev uas twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1884, ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom siv riam phom hauv nroog Chatellerault, tus qauv tshiab ntawm kev hloov pauv phom phom loj tau npaj tseg, hu ua Gra-Kropachek 1884. Nws cov phom tau luv dua 75 hli., thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab tau nce ntxiv, yog li tsuas yog tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm thauj tau 10 ncig. Qhov hnyav kuj tau poob rau 4, 150 kg. Nws tau txiav txim siab tam sim kho tag nrho lwm cov phom raws li tus qauv ntawm 1884, thiab tus qauv txij xyoo 1874 txog 1878. tshem tawm ntawm kev tsim khoom. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv cov kev tsim khoom kuj tseem raug tso tseg, txij li tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1885 tau tshwm sim - Gra -Wetterli, uas, tsis yog siv cov yeeb nkab hlau, ib txoj hauv kev tau yooj yim ua hauv lub thawv rau daim cartridges. Thiab, thaum kawg, xyoo 1886, rab phom 8-hli Lebel tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog Fab Kis, uas yog hloov kho me ntsis Gra-Vetterly system, txhua tus kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv xov xwm qis, uas tau ua haujlwm … ob lub ntiaj teb kev tsov kev rog!

Xyoo 1915, yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom muaj nyob ntawm Gra phom ntev - 450 txhiab daim tau muag rau Russia. Kuj tseem muaj phom Gras hauv tebchaws Greece. Cov neeg Greek tau siv lawv hauv Crete thaum tsaws ntawm German paratroopers, thiab tom qab kev ua tsov rog tas mus li, cov neeg koom nrog ELAS tau tua lawv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv.

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Thiab qhov no yog li cas rab phom no zoo li nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm ib tus neeg.

Raws li rau Kropachek nws tus kheej, nws tsis nyob ntawm qhov poob. Txij li nws rab phom nrog cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab, qauv 1886, kuj, raws li lawv hais, "tau mus ua haujlwm", thiab nws tau dhau los ua qhov txawv txav thiab ntxim nyiam piv txwv ntawm caj npab me me, hauv ntau txoj kev txawm tias zoo dua li Fabkis Lebel phom. Txhawm rau pib nrog, lub sijhawm no twb muaj cov mos txwv nrog cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb, thiab nws tsim cov phom no tshwj xeeb rau lawv. Ntxiv mus, nws twb tau ntim rau hauv 8-mm cartridges, thiab tsis yog 11-mm zoo li ua ntej.

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Duab

Cartridge feeder.

Nws tau txais lub npe Steyer-Kropachek thiab dhau los ua riam phom txawv txawv heev vim tias rab phom hauv nws lub thoob tau tsim los rau ob lub mos txwv tsis muaj hmoov txhuas hauv cov ntawv qhwv cov roj thiab cov mos txwv hauv tooj liab lossis lub tsho tombak. Nws muab nws lub khw muag rau ntawm rab phom tshiab no, uas tau tsim tawm tsuas yog … ib xyoos (tag nrho cov phom muaj hnub tim 1886) ntawm Austrian Steyer cog, uas rau niaj hnub no txawv los ntawm ob qho tib si zoo ntawm nws cov khoom thiab ntau yam tshiab hauv kev lag luam caj npab Nws yog qhov nthuav los sib piv kev tsim qauv ntawm Lebel thiab Kropachek M1886. Thawj rab phom muaj cov khoom txiav nrog cov hlau txais. Qhov thib ob muaj lub txaj, ntoo txaj, nyiam hnav. Lub khw hloov pauv tau yooj yim heev nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm "pyramidal" khawm.

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Duab

Khw hloov.

Cov phom nws tus kheej nyob ntawm tes thiab tsis zoo li hnyav, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsim nyog "tuav" rau Lebel txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm "yooj yim". Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntoo ruaj khov, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, ib txwm zoo dua li cov khoom faib. Ntxiv mus, thaum nws los txog rau phom …

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Qhib rab phom ntev.

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Duab

Hom

Yog, zoo, dab tsi ua nrog cov ntawv epigraph, "hais txog Portuguese" … Tom qab tag nrho, vim qee qhov nws xav tau?! Yog lawm! Tom qab tag nrho, cov phom no tau mus rau qhov twg? Yog, rau Portugal. Thiab cov poj niam nyob ntawd tau khawm lawv lub kaus mom rau cov tub rog Portuguese uas, nrog cov phom no ntawm lawv lub xub pwg, tau mus rau Portugal cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Africa kom tua "ntshav Negroes" nyob ntawd!

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Bayonet tuav rau rab phom Gra.

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Duab

Tab sis kuv yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog rab phom loj rau rab phom Gra thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus. Ntxiv rau Winchester, kuv yawg tseem muaj lub xov tooj cua no nyob tom qab cov laug cam hauv lub tsev, thiab ntev kuv ua txuj ua tus musketeer, tuav nws zoo li rab ntaj. Nws tau muab rau nws yawg rau … tsav nyuaj, tab sis, ib txwm, nws tsis nce nws, thiab nws hnav nws ntawm nws txoj siv. Feem ntau nws txua ntoo rau lawv. Tus kheej, Kuv xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws cov hniav T-puab. Tab sis, pom tseeb, Fab Kis xav tias nws zoo dua li no.

* Nws tau paub tias ntawm 37,000 rab phom tau rub los ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab tom qab ntawd pom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gettysburg, 24,000 tau thauj khoom; hauv 12,000 muaj ob qhov kev tsub nqi, tsav mus rau hauv lub thoob ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm qhov, thiab feem ntau hloov pauv - ib lub mos txwv nyob hauv qab tus nqi! Hauv 6000 muaj peb txog 10 tus nqi ib qho ntawm lwm qhov. Lawv txawm pom phom nqa 23 zaug uake! Ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog tias lub xeev muaj kev nyuab siab npaum li cas cov tub rog tau nyob hauv, tias lawv tsis nco qab muab cov tshuaj thiab "tua" ntau zaug nrog cov mos txwv xav, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis nkag siab tias lawv tsuas yog ua rau pom qhov hluav taws kub xwb, thiab tsis pom lossis hnov qhov txhaj nws tus kheej!

Pom zoo: