Txhua yam yuav yog qhov peb xav tau.
Yog muaj teeb meem ntau yam, Peb muaj rab phom tshuab Maxim, Lawv tsis muaj Maxim"
(Hilary Bellock "Tus Neeg Tuaj Tshiab")
Ob cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm uake txog rab phom tshuab ntawm Thawj thiab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm VO nyeem ntawv. Ib tus neeg txawm hais tias tsis muaj "maxim" zoo dua. Thiab nws puas tuaj yeem sib cav ntawm no, thaum twg, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Omdurman, lawv suav qhov kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm kev tua dervishes, thiab nws hloov tawm tias tawm ntawm 20,000, tsawg kawg 15,000 raug tua los ntawm hluav taws los ntawm "maxims". Ib txwm, cov neeg Askiv, thiab tom qab lawv cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub tebchaws, sai sai pib siv rab phom tshuab no los ua haujlwm. Thiab ntawm no nws yog qhov nthuav, yog li tham, yuav ua li cas lub teb chaws mus rau qhov riam phom tshiab no tau ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab dab tsi tuaj ntawm nws los ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus, peb yuav coj tsuas yog Tebchaws Europe kom deb li deb, vim tias hauv Asmeskas kev lag luam tshuab rab phom tau txawv me ntsis ntawm European.
Tshuab rab phom "Vickers" Mk I, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Nees thiab Tsov Rog Artillery. Australia.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias tsuas yog lub tebchaws uas "qhov siab tshaj plaws" tuaj yeem txhim kho tiag tiag thiab txhim kho nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo dua. Yog li hauv cov tub rog Askiv cov tub rog Vickers Mk Kuv tau dhau los ua lub tshuab siv phom hnyav. "Vickers", qhov tseeb, yog tib lub tshuab rab phom "Maxim", tsim rau pab tub rog Askiv ua ntej. Tab sis nws kuj muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, Vickers engineers tau txo nws qhov hnyav. Tom qab tshem tawm Maxim, lawv pom tias qee qhov ntawm nws qhov hnyav tsis tsim nyog. Lawv kuj tau txiav txim siab tig qhov kev sib txuas kom nws qhib qhib tsis txhob poob qis. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub qhov rooj. Zoo, qhov rov ua haujlwm tseem tshuav "Maksimovskaya" - txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov, nws tau ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov thim rov qab. Lub pob khawm nruab nrab hauv lub xeev ncaj tau xauv lub thoob thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum raug rho tawm mus rau hauv qhov cuab yeej qhov ncauj, qee qhov roj cua tau raug tshem tawm, thawb rov qab lub thoob, nrog rau cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Lub tes tsho thawb nws rov qab, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub thoob thiab ntsia thim rov qab txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum lub xub pwg nraub qaum ntawm lub pob khawm tau tsoo lub ntsej muag nthuav tawm ntawm lub thawv thiab quav. Tom qab ntawd tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thoob, thiab tom qab ntawd lub voj voog ib txwm mus: tshem tawm thiab tshem lub tes tsho, tsoo thiab rov ntim khoom.
"Maxim" ntawm pab tub rog Askiv, uas koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qab Omdurman.
Vickers Mk Kuv lub tshuab rab phom kos cim.
Qhov hnyav ntawm Vickers Mk Kuv rab phom tshuab tau txog 18 kg yam tsis muaj dej. Feem ntau nws tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab nqa 22 kg. Raws li ntawm rab phom tshuab rau Hotchkiss rab phom tshuab, kev teeb tsa ntsug ntawm lub tshuab rab phom tau ua los ntawm cov ntsia hlau. Pom tau tso cai rau tua hluav taws thiab tua thaum hmo ntuj. Qhov 7, 7-mm puag ncig tau pub los ntawm daim ntaub ntaub rau 250 ncig.
Mk 7 -.303 nti 7.7mm standard British Army cartridge thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Cov cartridge muaj cov ntug - qhov txhab thiab qhov no yog ob qho nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Rant chucks tsis nkag siab rau lub cuab yeej ntsuas lub cuab yeej; lawv kuj tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej thib ob. Tab sis lawv xav tau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau ntau dua. Lawv kuj tsim teeb meem rau khw muag khoom riam phom. Cov khw hauv qab lawv yuav tsum tau khoov kom lawv tsis txhob lo rau ntawm ntug. Tab sis rau txoj siv rab phom-phom tshuab, nws yog lub mos txwv zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub tshuab rab phom tuaj yeem tua ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 450-500 puag ncig ib feeb twg yog tias nws tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv. Kev tua hluav taws txuas ntxiv feem ntau tau xyaum thaum thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, txawm hais tias cov kais dej tau khiav tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj tsis pom qhov chaw. Lub casing muaj plaub litres dej, uas rhaub tom qab peb feeb ntawm kev tua ntawm qhov nrawm 200 rds / min. Qhov teeb meem tau daws los ntawm kev siv lub condenser, qhov twg cov dej tau hloov pauv, uas hloov mus rau hauv dej nyob ntawd, thiab cov dej rov qab los rau hauv lub casing.
Sab saib ntawm Vickers Mk Kuv rab phom tshuab.
Cov tshuab phom tau tsim nrog ob leeg du thiab corrugated casing. Cov kav dej tso pa tawm thiab lub taub ntim dej kom pom meej.
Thaum pib ua tsov rog, rab phom tshuab tau muab faib ua ob daim ntawm ib pab tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xav tau rau riam phom no zoo heev uas cov tub rog siv phom tshuab tshwj xeeb tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau.
Cov cim ntawm British tshuab rab phom rog.
Cov no yog cov chav kawm tau kawm zoo, tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev ncua ntev hauv kev tua uas tau txuas rau cov tub rog rog. Lwm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog rab phom tshuab yog lub peev xwm hloov pauv lub thoob. Qhov tseeb, txawm tias muaj dej ntxiv tas li, lub thoob yuav tsum tau hloov pauv txhua 10,000 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj. Thiab txij li hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau tus txhaj tshuaj tau qee zaum raug rho tawm hauv ib teev, kev hloov pauv ceev tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm tiav tuaj yeem hloov lub thoob hauv ob feeb, yuav luag tsis muaj dej poob.
Lub taub qab phaj ntawm Vickers rab phom tshuab.
Shutter cocking kov.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm peb tus kheej pab tub rog, cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tub qhe tseem ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev siv phom tshuab hauv kev ua tsov rog. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas Vickers rab phom tshuab tom qab ntawd suav hais tias yog piv txwv ntawm kev siv phom loj. Qhov kev pom no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm rab phom tshuab hnyav hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, hauv kev ua haujlwm los ntawm 100th Tshuab Rab Phom Tuam Txhab ntawm Tsov Rog Ntoo Loj thaum Tsov Rog Somme thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1916. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 24, nws tau txiav txim siab tias kev tua cov tub rog yuav tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 10 lub tshuab rab phom ntawm lub tuam txhab 100 lub tshuab rab phom, zais ntshis tso rau hauv qhov taub. Ob lub tuam txhab pab tub rog tau muab lawv cov mos txwv rau cov neeg tua phom. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, cov tub rog ntawm 100 lub tuam txhab raug rho tawm haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau 12 teev! Ib qho ntxiv, qhov hluav taws kub tau raug rho tawm los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tso rau hauv thaj chaw. Cov thoob tau hloov pauv txhua teev. Thawj thiab thib ob tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv kom lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob cua daj cua dub tas mus li txhawm rau txhawb kev tua cov tub rog thiab tiv thaiv German kev tawm tsam. Hnub ntawd, hauv 12 teev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, 10 lub tshuab rab phom ntawm 100 lub tuam txhab rab phom tshuab siv txog li ib lab daim cartridges!
Lub tshuab rab phom muaj daim kab xev txais tooj liab …
… ntxiv rau ntau qhov ntawm nws lub tripod, uas suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm.
Russia, uas tawm tsam ib sab ntawm cov phoojywg, tseem muaj nws tus kheej hloov kho ntawm Maxim tshuab rab phom, uas tau txais lub npe "Maxim tshuab rab phom, qauv 1910". Nws zoo ib yam li 1905 tus qauv tshuab rab phom, tsuas yog nws txawv ntawm qhov muaj cov hlau ntau dua li cov tooj dag. Hnyav thiab kim Maxim tshuab rab phom mod. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1910, yog riam phom zoo haum rau Lavxias txoj cai kom yooj yim thiab ntseeg tau. Qhov tseeb no lees paub tias rab phom tshuab Maxim hauv tebchaws Russia tau tsim kom txog rau xyoo 1943, qhov no yog hom ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim cov tshuab phom Maxim. Lub tshuab rab phom hnyav 23, 8 kg, thiab nws yog qhov nthuav los piv nws nrog 18 kg "Vickers". Lub tshuab rab phom Lavxias tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab log me me, uas, nrog rau daim ntaub thaiv, hnyav 45, 2 kg. Qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom tshuab yog 7, 62 hli, kev muab cov cartridges kuj tau nqa tawm los ntawm daim ntaub ntaub thiab tseem rau 250 puag ncig. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 520 - 600 puag ncig ib feeb, uas yog, siab dua li ntawm Vickers rab phom tshuab. Qhov tseeb tias lub tshuab ua haujlwm qib qis tsis tau hloov pauv hauv Lavxias rab phom Maxim piav qhia qhov nce ntawm tus neeg txais khoom qis dua qib ntawm lub thoob.
Vickers nrog txhim kho qhov ncauj.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom muaj kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub thoob. Rau lub hom phiaj no, Askiv tau khob lub khob rau nws lub qhov ncauj, uas, nrog rau lub thoob, nyob sab hauv lub qhov ncauj. Thaum raug rho tawm, cov pa tawm los ntawm lub thoob tau raug yuam rau hauv lub khob no, uas ua rau kom rov zoo dua ntawm lub thoob. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav kaw (hauv daim duab nws raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv), zoo li hauv "maxim", nyob ntawm sab laug. Rau kev ntseeg siab tua, lub zog ntawm nws qhov nrawm yuav tsum tau ntsuas tas li thiab, raws li lub rooj tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj zog lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua kom nruj. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws tau npaj yuav tua ntawm lub dav hlau, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav yuav tsum tau nruj, thiab yog tias nws yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws los ntawm saum toj mus rau hauv qab, tom qab ntawd tsis muaj zog me ntsis. Nws kuj tseem nyob ntawm lub caij!
Saib ntawm rab phom tshuab mus rau sab xis. Ntawm lub thoob muaj lub thermal insulating npog uas tiv thaiv kev suav los ntawm kev kub hnyiab.
Lub tshuab rab phom German ntawm 1908 tus qauv (MG08) kuj yog rab phom tshuab Maxim. Raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias version, nws siv cov txheej txheem yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, vim li ntawd, tus txais tau hloov mus rau qhov siab. Lub tshuab rab phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus qauv German calibre 7, 92 mm, cov mos txwv tau pub los ntawm txoj siv rau 250 puag ncig. Tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm 300-450 teev nyob rau ib feeb tau qis dua, vim tias cov neeg German ntseeg tias nws tsis yog qhov hluav taws kub thiab hluav taws loj heev uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis raug thiab ua tau zoo.
German MG08.
Txoj hauv kev no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm daws teeb meem nrog mos txwv thiab hloov pauv. Lub tshuab rab phom tau paub nyob hauv lub npe "Spandau" los ntawm lub npe ntawm tsob ntoo uas nws tau tsim. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tshuab mus txog 62 kg nrog lub tshuab siv lub tshuab thiab cov khoom seem. Cov neeg German tau teeb tsa rab phom tshuab rau ntawm tus swb kom muaj kev txav mus los ntau ntxiv. Cov neeg tua phom German tau raug xaiv ua tib zoo, cov lus txib, suav nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1914, ntseeg tias lub tshuab rab phom tau dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov neeg tua phom tshuab tau zoo los ntawm qib kawm tau zoo thiab muaj txuj ci zoo, raws li pov thawj los ntawm kev poob ntawm Fabkis thiab Askiv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Chem-de-Dame, Lohse, Nu Chapelle thiab hauv Champagne.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus qauv muzzle nrog lub khob.
Muzzle qhov kawg ntawm lub thoob.
Txhua lub tshuab phom no - Vickers, MG08 thiab rab phom tshuab Maxim ntawm xyoo 1910 tus qauv - tau tsim los ntawm kev tsim tib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, Vickers lub tshuab rab phom tau pib ua ntej nrawm ntawm 744 m / s nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 0.721 m. German lub mos txwv ceev yog 820 m / s nrog lub phom ntev 0.72 m, tab sis peb lub tshuab rab phom muaj 720 m / s nrog lub thoob 0, 719 m. Lub phom phom Austro-Hungarian "Schwarzlose", uas twb tau piav qhia ntawm VO, ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis lub thoob ntawm 0, 52 m luv heev rau 8-mm cartridge. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, rab phom tshuab Schwarzlose feem ntau tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub zog nyem ntawm lub qhov ncauj nplaim taws thaum raug rho tawm. Cov zaub mov tau nqa los ntawm daim kab xev rau 250 puag ncig, qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm qhov mos txwv tau qis - 620 m / s. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 400 teev ib feeb twg.
"Vickers", siv thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Kev suav ntawm Vickers rab phom tshuab hauv Libyan suab puam.
… Thiab ib txheej ntawm cov duab rau gluing, ua los ntawm daim duab no!
Raws li rau "Vickers", lub tshuab rab phom no tseem siv tau hauv qee lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txog nws lub sijhawm, nws yog riam phom muaj kev vam meej thiab ntseeg tau muaj peev xwm tua tau ntau teev thiab ua hluav taws tsis ncaj. Fab Kis ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau txais kev txaus siab rau lub koob meej ntawm avid tus tsim ntawm txhua yam kev hloov kho. Raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm Hotchkiss rab phom tshuab, Puteaux, Saint-Etienne thiab Benet-Mercier cov phom tshuab tau tshwm sim. Tsuas yog txhua tus ntawm lawv tau luam tsis tiav, feem ntau yog vim qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tsim nyog hauv kev tsim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Hotchkiss rab phom tshuab yog "Qauv 1914", uas siv txhua qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv yav dhau los los tsim lub tshuab rab phom tiag tiag nrog qhov hnyav me ntsis.
Tshuab rab phom Perino 1901
Tam sim no Ltalis zoo li tsis zoo li peb li "lub tshuab rab phom zoo". Tab sis thaum kaj ntug ntawm lawv qhov kev tsim, nws nyob hauv Ltalis tias ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub sijhawm tau tshwm sim - Perino tshuab rab phom ntawm 1901. Cov neeg Italians tau txaus siab heev nrog rab phom tshuab tshiab, tab sis nyiam khaws nws cov ntawv zais cia ntev. Kev yuav khoom loj ntawm Maxim rab phom tshuab, txhawm rau tsuas yog zais qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj riam phom tshiab, qhia tau tias daim ntaub thaiv ntawm qhov zais ntawm lub tshuab rab phom Italian tau nyob ib puag ncig. Hauv qhov cua lossis dej txias tshuab rab phom, thawj lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa siv cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm 25 puag ncig txhua qhov, uas tau pub zaub mov tig los ntawm lub thawv ntawv thawv nruab rau sab laug, thiab ntawm sab xis tuaj tawm ua pawg hauv tib daim clip! Txij li cov cartridges nyob rau hauv xws li lub zog system tau koom ua ke, muaj kev siv tsis muaj kev ncua hauv lawv cov khoom. Ib qho kev ncua ntev tau raug tshem tawm sai sai los ntawm kev nias lub pob, uas tshem tawm cov teeb meem cartridge. Cov riam phom tau pom ntau lwm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis cov neeg Italians ncua nws cov khoom, uas yuam kom lawv siv rab phom tshuab Maxim thiab 6.5 hli Revelli tshuab rab phom - cov riam phom nruab nrab, cov txheej txheem uas tau ua los ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm lub thoob thiab semi-free ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Qhov kaw, ntawm chav kawm, tuaj yeem raug kaw tau, tab sis nws yuav hais nrov nrov.
Perino tshuab rab phom ntaus ntawv.
Tshuab rab phom Perino, hloov pauv rau daim kab xev pub.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj lwm tus qauv ntawm rab phom tshuab. Tab sis hom riam phom tau piav qhia saum toj no ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb. Nws yog kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev, uas thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm hom riam phom no thaum kawg tau ua pov thawj, uas coj mus rau tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Vickers thiab Schwarzlose (hauv keeb kwm yav dhau).
