Bulgaria yog lub tebchaws zoo, Thiab Russia yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws!
("Nyob Hauv Lub Hnub Qub Balkan" Cov Lus Qhia: M. Isakovsky)
Hnub no peb mus txuas ntxiv peb cov lus hla tebchaws thiab sab av loj uas tau siv ntau rab phom ntswj ntsia hlau. Raws li kev txiav txim ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, hnub no peb muaj thawj tsab ntawv "B", uas yog, lub tebchaws Bulgaria. Tab sis hais txog "kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm" Canada yuav ua raws.
Txhawm rau pib nrog, Bulgaria, nrog cov tub rog coob tshaj plaws hauv Balkans thaum kawg ntawm 19th - pib ntawm 20th caug xyoo, tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Eastern Europe sab hnub tuaj, sib npaug ntawm cov muaj hwj chim loj xws li Russia thiab Austria -Hungary. Bulgaria yog lub nceeg vaj niaj hnub no, nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb … qhov xwm txheej uas tau xaus tam sim tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thaum nws suav nrog hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm USSR coj nws dab tsi … coj thiab thaum kawg xaus nrog nws reorientation tom ntej rau sab hnub poob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem xav tau. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj pes tsawg qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv Bulgaria. Peb yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm tus quab Ottoman, thiab peb yog phooj ywg "ntawm dej." Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom ntseeg tau nws tus kheej txoj kev txaus siab, thiab Bulgaria yog phooj ywg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Austria-Hungary hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib thiab … lub xeev nruab nrab cuam tshuam nrog USSR thaum Lub Ob Hlis. Tom qab ntawd tus koom nrog koom nrog hauv Warsaw Pact, "16th Republic of the USSR", peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws "chaw so txawv tebchaws" thiab tus muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kaus poom, thiab muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Sab Hnub Poob hnub no. Zoo, peb tsis paub yuav ua li cas los khi cov phooj ywg rau peb tus kheej lossis cov uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua lawv, peb tsis paub yuav ua li cas, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li txaj muag los kawm los ntawm cov uas tuaj yeem ua tau.
Cov tub rog ntawm Fatherland Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Bulgaria ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev dim Sofia nrog rab phom Mannlicher hauv lawv txhais tes!
Tab sis yeej ib txwm muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau Russia! Tom qab tag nrho, Bulgaria tsis muaj cov chaw tsim khoom tsim riam phom, thiab nws yuav tsum yuav riam phom ntawm kev lag luam xa tawm. Thiab nws tau xaiv zoo phom Austrian los ntawm Steyr lub tuam txhab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum sib koom tes nrog Russia, Bulgarians tseem tau tswj kom tau txais cov phom loj ntawm Berdan II tus qauv. Txawm hais tias tsis tau pom cov phom ntev los txog niaj hnub no, muaj cov duab ntawm cov tub rog Bulgarian uas muaj riam phom Berdan II tso. Pom tseeb, lawv tau txais txawm yog thaum tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish, lossis tam sim ntawd tom qab nws. Tom qab ntawd, thaum kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Bulgaria tsis zoo, cov phom ntawm Lavxias tau qhuav zuj zus, thiab Austria tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv me me rau pab tub rog Bulgarian.
Piv txwv li, Bulgaria yuav Model 1888 thiab Model 1888 / 90S, uas tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv los ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntaus cim nrog cov duab ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav nyob saum lub khw.
Rifle "Mannlicher" М1888 ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Army hauv Stockholm. Ib qho ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv yog cov ntawv xov xwm cais tawm ntawm lub npov, tsis suav nrog tus tiv thaiv.
"Mannlicher" M1888 sawv cev rau rab phom nrog rab phom zawv zawg, thaum nws txav mus tsis tau rov qab, tab sis tsuas yog rov qab, tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau qhov chaw. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb yog ntim khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov cartridges tau yaj, hauv pob lawv tau nyob hauv txoj hauv kev uas lub hau ntawm txhua daim cartridge tom ntej yog nyob rau hauv ntej ntawm lub hau ntawm daim cartridge qis, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pub mis lawv mus rau hauv lub thoob yam tsis ncua. Vim li no, daim ntawv ntim tau muab oblique zoo, tab sis vim qhov no, nws tsuas tuaj yeem tso rau hauv khw nrog ib sab. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab thaum hmo ntuj, kev txhim kho corrugations tau ua rau ntawm "sab saud" ib feem ntawm pob. Vim li no, rab phom muaj qhov tsis zoo tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj peev xwm rov tau nws tsuas yog tshem lub pob los ntawm nws thiab ntxiv cov cartridges tshiab rau nws.
Txog thaum xyoo 1890, rab phom M1888 siv 8-mm cartridges nrog txhim kho cov hmoov dub, uas tau muab cov mos txwv nrog thawj qhov nrawm ntawm 500 m / s. Txij li xyoo 1890, lawv tau pib siv cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb thiab cov mos txwv tshiab hauv lub plhaub hlau. Tib lub sijhawm, nws qhov pib nrawm nce mus rau 625 m / s.
Xyoo 1890, tshwj xeeb rau kev siv cov mos txwv nrog cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb, rab phom Mannlicher ntawm 1888 tus qauv tau hloov kho tshiab, hloov qhov pom kev nrog pom tom qab nrog kev sib cais rau kev tua ntawm 600 txog 1800 kauj ruam (1350 m) ntawm thaj tsam ze thiab los ntawm 2000 txog 3000 cov kauj ruam (2250 m) ntawm qhov ntev … Ib qho ntxiv, nplai rau daim cartridge nrog cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb tau thov rau sab saum npoo ntawm qhov pom. Thaum tus qauv Mannlicher M1895 tau tshwm sim, cov neeg Bulgarians tau yuav ib qho kev sim ntawm 3000 phom, thaum xyoo 1896/97 xyoo nyiaj txiag lawv tau sim. Cov phom tau nyiam thiab Bulgaria tau xaj xaj rau 65,208 phom xa thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1903/04. Txoj kev Mannlicher tau siv hauv Bulgaria thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 thiab thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Ntxiv mus, cov phom no tseem nyob hauv cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb txawm tias nyob hauv 60s ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los.
Hauv tebchaws Canada, qhov xwm txheej txawv me ntsis. Hloov chaw ntawm lawv cov tub rog nrog rab phom Askiv (txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv hais tias Askiv tsis pom zoo muab cov neeg Canadians nrog lawv rab phom Lee Enfield), ib yam li lwm lub tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, Canada tau sim phom nyob rau xyoo 1901 thiab lees txais qhov kev thov ntawm Sir Charles Ross, uas yog tus tswv ntawm Ross Co Rifles Company. Phom phom yog qhov tsim tshwj xeeb nrog kev ua haujlwm ncaj ncaj. Ua raws li Askiv lub npe lub npe rau phom, thawj Ross phom tau hu ua Mark I, thiab tsis raws li lub xyoo uas nws tso tawm. Kev tso tawm sai sai, niaj hnub no nws yog qhov tsawg thiab nrhiav tau tom qab tus qauv ntawm cov neeg siv riam phom. Tsuas yog 5,000 Mk Kuv rab phom tsim tawm hauv tebchaws Canada ua ntej pib tsim Mk II xyoo 1905, thiab tsawg leej ntawm lawv thiaj muaj txoj sia nyob.
Tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab pom Mk Kuv rab phom. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Royal Canadian Regiment hauv London.
Canadian Sir Charles Ross pib ua haujlwm ntawm nws rab phom thaum xyoo 1890s, raws li cov phom Austrian Mannlicher M1890 / 1895. Tom qab Boer Wars thiab Tebchaws Askiv tsis kam muab phom Canada Lee Enfield, Canadian pab tub rog tig mus rau Ross. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, xyoo 1902, lub.303 caliber Ross phom tau txais los ntawm Canadian pab tub rog thiab Royal Canadian Mounted Police, thiab txij xyoo 1905 nws tau pib muab ntau rau cov tub rog. Xyoo 1907, nws tau tig los ntawm Mark II rab phom, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1907 txog 1912 nws tau hloov pauv ntau zaus. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1910, Mark III phom loj tau nkag mus rau pab tub rog Canadian, uas dhau los ua riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm Canadian Kev Ncaj Ncees hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1.
Tib rab phom, sab saib.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nws cov trenches, nws tau hloov pauv tias Ross phom, rau txhua qhov ntawm lawv cov hluav taws zoo heev thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, tsis tau hloov pauv mus rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog riam phom. Cov phom tau dhau los ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib kis ntau, thiab lawv txoj kab nqes nqaim ntev tsis yog tsuas yog nyuaj rau disassemble thiab sib sau ua ke, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv qee qhov kev hloov pauv tso cai sib dhos tsis raug. Hauv qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws nrog lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj xauv nrog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo tshaj plaws rau ob rab phom thiab tus tua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, sai li sai tau cov Neeg Canadians muaj txoj hauv kev zoo li no, Ross phom tau hloov los ntawm cov phom British Lee-Enfield No.3 Mk. I. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, Ross phom tau siv hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tua tsiaj thiab ntaus pob ncaws pob, ob qho tib si hauv cov chav chambered rau.303 daim cartridge, thiab hauv qab muaj zog.280 rab phom tua tsiaj, tsim los ntawm Ross.
Rab phom Mk III.
Cov phom ntawm cov kab ke no muaj cov kab zawv zawg zawv zawg ntev, uas ua thaum tus tes txav mus ncaj. Lub thoob tau xauv nrog cov kab sib ntaus sib tua thaum nws tig mus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kabmob no tuaj yeem muaj ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj, lossis hloov lawv, cov xov sib txuas sib txuas tau ua rau nws, zoo li hauv lub piston ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm rab phom loj. Kev sib hloov ntawm cov kab menyuam thaum lub zog txav ntawm lub qhov rooj tau ua tiav los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab sib chaws thiab qhov ua rau ntawm lub cev ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Harris kev npaj khw. US patent No. 723864 1903
Cov cartridges tau pub los ntawm ib lub thawv ntawv xov xwm rau 5 puag ncig ntawm Harris system (Mark I thiab Mark II), nyob rau hauv uas cov cartridges tau staggered hauv ob kab, thaum nws cov cuab yeej los ntawm saum toj no nrog ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhib. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tsim qauv no yog tias cov ntawv xov xwm yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov thawv cais. Nws yog qhov ua tau los ua qhov txawv.
Cov cuab yeej pub mis thiab tso lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rau hauv Harris lub khw. US patent No. 723864 1903
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus tua thawj zaug yuav tsum tau txo cov ntawv xov xwm, muab nws lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav los ntawm nias tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb ntawm sab xis ntawm lub caj npab, tam sim tom qab pom. Tom qab ntawd tsib daim cartridges tuaj yeem tsaug zog hauv lub thawv ntawv xov xwm thiab tso tus yuam sij pub nkag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Harris lub khw tsis tawm ntawm lub thawv.
Qhov chaw nyob ntawm daim cartridges hauv Harris lub khw. US patent No. 723864 1903
Cov phom phom Mark III muaj ib kab ntawv ib kab ntawv thiab tawm los ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub npov. Nws tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov phaj phom los ntawm Lee-Enfield phom ntev lossis ib daim cartridge ib zaug. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Ross phom yog cov ntawv xov xwm txiav tawm, nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm tus ntsuas, los ntawm kev nias lub phom uas tig mus rau hauv ib zaug. Kev pom ntawm cov phom Mark I thiab Mark II tau qhib thiab muaj qhov pom rov qab tau ntau nrog U-puab qhov ntawm lub thoob; ntawm Mark III phom ntev, pom tom qab yog dioptric thiab muab tso rau tom qab ntawm tus txais. Txhua yam kev hloov pauv ntawm Ross phom muaj lub ntsej muag ntiv nplhaib.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab ib kab ntawv xov xwm ntawm Ross Mk III phom ntev.
Mark III cov phom tau tshwm sim xyoo 1914, thiab tag nrho 400,000 daim ntawv tau tsim, thiab lawv tau siv rau thaum xyoo 1916, thaum lawv hloov los ntawm Lee-Enfields. Ntawm no peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov neeg Canadians tsuas yog tsis muaj hmoo. Lawv tau txais rab phom zoo heev, tab sis tsis tsim nyog rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav pem hauv ntej. Thiab yog li, nrog Harris lub khw chess, uas nrog ib leeg tiaj tus kab, nws yog riam phom zoo heev!
