Muaj ib hnub Ob txhais ceg npau taws heev
Peb tham nrog Lub taub hau:
Vim li cas peb thiaj nyob hauv koj txoj cai zoo li no, Tias rau ib puas xyoo peb yuav tsum ua raws koj ib leeg;
Hnub, hmo ntuj, lub caij nplooj zeeg, caij nplooj ntoo hlav, Koj tsuas yog xav txog nws, yog tias koj thov khiav, luag
Muaj, ntawm no, txhua qhov chaw koj coj;
Thiab dua li, qhwv hauv cov thom khwm, Treads thiab khau looj plab hlaub, Koj rhuav tshem peb, zoo li siv qhev …
("Lub taub hau thiab ceg", dab neeg los ntawm Denis Davydov, 1803)
Ib yam uas peb tsis tau hais txog lub ncauj lus ntawm riam phom nyob nruab nrab thiab tej cuab yeej ua rog tau ntev. Thiab, raws li ib ntawm VO cov neeg tuaj saib tsis ntev los no tau liam kuv rau qhov no, qhov no yog qhov tsis suav nrog loj. Peb xav tau, lawv hais, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Kuv pom zoo, tab sis nrhiav cov ncauj lus nthuav tsis yooj yim li. Ntau twb tau npog. Lub kaus mom hlau, thiab ntawm ntau hom … XAV PAUB! Anatomical cuirasses - XAV PAUB! Lub sijhawm ntawm cov saw xa ntawv thiab cov saw hlau sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau "cov cuab yeej dawb" thiab lawv cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj - txhua yam no yog. Tab sis dab tsi tsis yog? Nws hloov tawm tias tsis muaj dab tsi txog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ob txhais ceg. Ntawd yog, nws yog, tau kawg, yuav ua li cas tsis yog. Tab sis tsuas yog ua ke nrog lwm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab tsis yog nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qho khoom siv, hauv cov ncauj lus no yuav raug txiav txim siab "los ntawm thiab mus rau". Zoo, zoo - uas txhais tau tias nws yog lub sijhawm rau ob txhais ceg!
Zoo, peb yuav pib nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm Denis Davydov, cov dab neeg uas ua rau nws puas tsuaj rau nws txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej thiab nws yog qhov tseeb vim li cas. Qhov tseeb, nws tau hais tawm kom raug. Lub taub hau yog lub taub hau ntawm txhua yam! Thiab cov tub rog twb nyob rau lub sijhawm qub tiv thaiv nws ob txhais ceg ntau dua. Piv txwv li, cov neeg Iyiv feem ntau tawm tsam liab qab, los ntawm txoj kev, zoo ib yam li cov tub rog Axilias hnyav dua thiab muaj tub rog. Ntawm no cov neeg caij nees tom kawg thiab cov vaj tau hnav khau. Piv txwv li, Vaj Ntxwv Ashurbanipal ntawm qhov nyem, qhov uas nws tau piav txog kev tua tsov ntxhuav, hnav khau rau ntawm nws txhais taw, thiab lawv zoo ib yam li Asmeskas khau looj plab hlaub thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tab sis qhov ntawd yog txhua yam!
Kev pab los ntawm lub tsev huab tais ntawm tus huab tais Assyrian Ashurbanipal hauv Nimrud. British tsev cia puav pheej.
Mycenaean tus tub rog. (Daim duab. Giuseppe Rava)
Hauv lub sijhawm pib ntawm lawv keeb kwm, cov neeg Greek ntawm lub sijhawm Cretan-Mycenaean kab lis kev cai (txawm hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua Greek, tab sis cia lawv yog neeg Greek thiab Greek, nws yog li kev coj ua!) Hnav leggings uas npog lawv ob txhais ceg los ntawm ko taw mus rau hauv caug. Thaum kaj ntug ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm, Spartans hnav tib lub leggings, cov ntiv tes uas npog cov ntiv taw ntawm taw nrog ntiv taw, ntxiv rau cov thom khwm cylindrical uas zoo ib yam rau cov hlua tes dav. Ntawd yog, tshwj tsis yog ntawm daim tawv nqaim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov "ris tsho tiv no" tau npog tag nrho cov ceg mus rau lub duav, qhov twg sab saud ntawm tus ncej puab tau npog nrog "tiab" - zoma, nrog cov hlau hlau. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tau tso cov cuab yeej tag nrho thiab mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus hauv tsuas yog lub kaus mom hlau thiab nrog cov ntaub thaiv loj nrog txoj kab uas hla 90 cm, yeej tsis ntau npaum li cov cuab yeej siv raws li kev txawj thiab kev tawm dag zog.
Athenian hoplite, xyoo pua 4 BC (Cov duab hauv 1/16 nplai los ntawm "MiniArt" tuam txhab)
Cov cuab yeej ntawm daim ntaub thaiv nrog apron. (Tes los ntawm daim duab hauv 1/16 nplai los ntawm "MiniArt" tuam txhab)
Kev npaj ntawm Greek hoplite leggings ntawm MiniArt cov duab yog qhov raug kiag li.
Muaj tseeb tiag, cov neeg Athenians siv cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm lawv daim ntaub thaiv, uas tiv thaiv ob txhais ceg, lossis zoo li tus ncej puab, los ntawm cov xub. Vim hais tias ob txhais ceg ntawm Athenian hoplites tau ib txwm muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub cev zoo li leggings. Lawv tsis muaj cov hlua nyob tom qab! Lawv yooj yim thawb lawv cov npoo sib nrug thiab muab tso rau ntawm txhais ceg, qhov uas lawv tuav vim qhov haum haum! Yooj yim, kom paub tseeb.
Scythians siv los ua kis las tawv legguards them nrog teev. (Daim duab Angus McBride)
Los ntawm txoj kev, Alexander the Great, txiav txim los ntawm cov duab uas tau nqis los rau peb, kuj tau tawm tsam "liab qab". Ntawm no, piv txwv li, yuav ua li cas nws tau nthuav tawm hnav khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm Asmeskas tus kws tshaj lij Matt Poitras.
Ntawm Roman kab ntawv-Trajan thiab Marcus Aurelius, txhua tus tub rog Loos tau liab qab-legged, zoo, tej zaum hauv lub ris zoo li lub tsho khuam nruj. "Brakka" - yog li lawv tau raug hu thiab los ntawm lo lus no thiab mus rau peb "ris".
Roman legionary ntawm lub xyoo pua 3 AD (Daim duab Angus McBride) Hauv daim duab no, nws twb nyob hauv lub ris ntev, tab sis nws ob txhais ceg, zoo li ua ntej, tsis tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Roman tribune ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub tebchaws. (Rov kho dua los ntawm Matt Poitras)
Hauv lub sijhawm tuag ntawm Rome thiab "hnub nyoog tsaus ntuj" uas ua raws lub sijhawm no, cov tub rog tsis tau sawv ntawm lawv ko taw. Muaj ris, thiab ua tau zoo. Txij li tag nrho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv feem ntau yog hnav rau ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab cov neeg caij tsheb, uas tsis paub lub tsheb sib tsoo, sim sib ntaus ntawm ko taw, thiab caij nees tsuas yog mus txog qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov me me nrog cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm Charlemagne los ntawm "Golden Psalter" tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb.
Cov tub rog "Golden Psalter" (Lub Tsev Qhua Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Saint-Galen)
Cov keeb kwm tom ntej yog cov ntaub pua plag Bayeux nto moo. Qhov tseeb, qhov no, tsis yog ntaub pua plag txhua, tab sis paj ntaub 48/53 cm dav thiab 68, 38 m ntev. hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xa nrog ib tug slit nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Lawv muaj cov hlua ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg, thiab tsuas yog William thiab Earl of Eustace muaj cov saw xa ntawv npog hauv kab ntawv ntawm kab txaij ntawm cov ntawv xa ntawv. Txawm tias Npis Sov Odo tsis muaj "cuab yeej ua rog" zoo li no. Ntawd yog, nws tau pom tseeb tias cov neeg caij tsheb tsis pom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau los ntawm npog lawv ob txhais ceg thaum ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov no tso cai rau peb tham txog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob ze, cov tub rog yeeb ncuab, tau kawg, yuav tsoo cov neeg caij tsheb hauv qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv feem ntau ntawm lub cev, uas yog … hauv txhais ceg! Uas yuav ua rau ob txhais ceg "booked". Tab sis txij li peb tsis pom ib yam dab tsi zoo li no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov neeg caij nees tau tawm tsam nrog tib pab tub rog … ntawm qhov deb. Uas yog qhia rau ntawm "ntaub pua plag". Ntawd yog, lawv tau muab hmuv rau nws! Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog npau taws tau raug ntaj los ntawm cov neeg caij nees. Ntxiv mus, lawv txiav lawv thaum qee qhov laj thawj nws tsis yog ntawm lawv txhais taw … Tsis muaj leej twg ntaus tw ntawm ob txhais ceg. Tsis txawm sim!
Ib qho xwm txheej nrog Bayesian paj ntaub.
Thiab tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv caug thiab qis ceg pib, uas yog … hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thaum kawg lawv pib "tau nws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau nce: cov saw xa xov uas npog lub puab tsaig rau hauv caug thiab tau txuas nrog cov hlua nyob tom qab ntawm lub plab hlaub. Qhov no twb yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog thawj zaug, thaum hom kev tiv thaiv no tau nthuav dav. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov saw xa ntawv "hauv caug-siab" (txog rau lub hauv caug) thiab cov saw xa khoom rau cov ceg tag nrho. Xyoo 1195, cov cuab yeej zoo li no muaj cov thom khwm tawv, uas, ib zaug ntxiv, xws li cov saw hlau xa xov tau xaws rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis twb tau tag nrho cov ceg, ntawm ko taw mus rau sab saud.
Lub Knights Templar 1195 (Daim Duab Vine Reynolds)
Knight 1210 (Daim duab Graham Turner) ntawm Askiv, kev tiv thaiv rau ob txhais ceg tau siv dav hauv XIII caug xyoo.
Hospitaller 1230 (Daim duab Vine Reynolds)
Txiav txim los ntawm qhov me me, txhais ceg nce mus rau hauv caug tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau los ntawm tawv tawv, uas tseem raug khi nrog hlua ntawm tus menyuam, tab sis tsuas yog siv cov saw xa, cov hlau hlau (cov voj voog) tau riveted rau nws, ib rau ib. Daim ntawv tiv thaiv no, pom tseeb, tau siv tsawg dua li cov ntawv xa "armor". Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm 1250, saw-mail "thom khwm" tau dhau los ua cov thom khwm xwb, uas yog, kom nruj ceg ntawm ko taw mus rau tus ncej puab. Lawv tau hnav ntau dua cov ntaub linen shosse cov thom khwm, uas cov thom khwm tawv tau muab tso rau, tom qab uas cov saw xa ntawv twb tau muab rau lawv lawm (txhua qhov no tau khi rau txoj siv!). Tab sis cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws kuj hnav cov thom khwm uas ua los ntawm cov ntaub zoo nkauj, piv txwv li, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, dhau ntawm lawv cov saw xa cov thom khwm, kom cov saw xa hauv qab lawv tsis pom!
Tib lub sijhawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Ltalis thiab hauv Crusader xeev nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, lawv tau pib ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob txhais ceg mus rau hauv caug los ntawm kev siv cov ntawv tawv tawv tawv los ntawm qhov hu ua "tawv tawv" ntawm cov saw xa ntawv. "Khau tawv" rhaub hauv cov roj!
Knight Outremer 1285 (Daim duab Christa Hook)
Thaj, lub hauv caug pib raug kev txom nyem hauv kev sib ntaus. Txij li, ntxiv rau cov ntawv xa ntawv, lawv tau pib hnav cov ntaub qhwv lub hauv caug hauv caug nrog forged convex umbols.
Tab sis txuas ntxiv - thiab qhov no yog qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws, nws yog ob txhais ceg uas yog thawj zaug tau txais daim npog tag nrho, uas yog, "cov cuab yeej siv lub cev", cov duab uas tau ua raws cov kab ntawm lub cev. Txawm nyob ntawm txhais tes, daim hlau "ib nrab thooj voos kheej kheej" thiab "discs" kuj tau siv, lacing ntawm lub luj tshib, tab sis ob txhais ceg tau npog nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog thaum lub sij hawm Albigensian Wars thiab tom qab ntawd Ntau pua Xyoo Tsov Rog, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm lub npe nrov zoo nkauj ntawm Suav Tankavel los ntawm Carcassonne thiab "Tus Tub Dub" Canterbury.
Effigia ntawm Suav Trancavel los ntawm Tsev fuabtais ntawm Carcassonne. Qhov kos npe hauv qab nws hais tias nws koom nrog XIII xyoo pua. thiab qhov no raug, vim tias thaum muaj Kev Tsov Rog Albigensian. Tab sis xyuam xim rau ob txhais ceg. Plate shin npog tsis txawv ntawm cov hnav ib puas xyoo tom qab. Ntawd yog, qhov no yog li cas thaum sawv ntxov cov ris tsho tiv thaiv txhais ceg tau tshwm sim!
Effigia ntawm "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub" hauv Canterbury.
Tab sis qhov no twb yog qhov qub ntawm 1410! (Daim duab Graham Turner)
Armor ntawm 1450 (Daim duab. Graham Turner) Nws piav qhia sab laug hauv kev nthuav dav tag nrho "cuis", lossis tus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, uas tseem tau ntxiv los ntawm cov tawv tawv nrog lub qhov rau txuas nws cov cuab yeej ua rog rau ob. Lub hauv caug, nruab nrog raws li kev coj noj coj ua Italian nrog rau sab tis loj, tau ua tiav los ntawm "ceg ceg", lossis cov hlua hlau nyob rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab, uas tso cai rau ob txhais ceg khoov yam tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev qhib qee feem ntawm lub cev rau kev cuam tshuam. "Mane" - greave, lossis roj, - tau txuas nrog cov hlua, uas nws tau txuas nrog rivets, los ntawm sab hauv. Cov ntsiab lus no tau nrawm dua, ua ntej tshaj plaws, nrog nuv thiab hlua, uas tau nruj rau sab nraub qaum.
Greenwich Plate Armor 1580 (Daim Duab Graham Turner) Ntawm sab xis yog cov cuab yeej ntawm "Cewis" cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm Sir Henry Lee.
Polish hussar ntawm tib lub xyoo. (Daim duab Vine Reynolds)
Lub puab tsaig tau tiv thaiv nkaus xwb los ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab nws yog qhov tseeb vim li cas. Txuag hlau thiab mus rau nws yog qhov nyuaj. Cov tub rog tub rog tseem muaj lub hauv caug hauv ncoo nrog rau qhov nqes mus rau hauv qab ceg thiab nrog phaj me ntsis saum lub hauv caug thiab qhov ntawd yog nws.
Armor "demi-lance" ("ib nrab-penny") Sir James Skudamore 1590 (Daim duab Graham Turner) Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv qab lub hauv caug ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis muaj hlo li!
Ntawd yog, nws txhua qhov pib los ntawm lub taub hau, dhau mus rau lub cev thiab qhov tshwm sim nrog lub taub hau, uas yog, nrog lub kaus mom hlau rau ntawm nws thiab cov cuirass ntawm lub cev, nws tas li. Tseeb tiag, tib tus kws tu plaub hau tau txawv los ntawm cov khau siab ua los ntawm tawv tawv nrog lub hauv caug nthuav tawm. Tab sis qhov no yog txhua yam uas Lub Sijhawm Tshiab tuaj yeem muab rau cov tub rog caij nees tshiab!
Ib tus samurai ntawm 1185 hnav tus yam ntxwv thaum ntxov suneate leggings tsis muaj lub hauv caug. (Daim duab Angus McBride)
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nws yog kev coj ua los tiv thaiv ob txhais ceg nrog cov saw xa xov nrog laps ntawm lub hauv caug, uas tau ntxiv "armored" nrog hlau umbilicus. Hauv Nyij Pooj, txog rau xyoo pua 12th, leggings tsis tau siv txhua. Lub plab hlaub nruab nrab ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua los ntawm tawv tawv tau nyob hauv kev nyiam. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm suneate leggings ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau, feem ntau yog peb -tis, tau tshwm sim, thiab rau ko taw tshwj xeeb, "samurai" khau tau tsim - khau kutsu ua los ntawm tawv tawv, txiav rau saum nrog bearskin (lossis npua teb, yog tias ib tus neeg txom nyem dua). Kahyan windings tau hnav hauv qab cov leggings kom lawv tsis txhob txhuam cov tawv nqaij. Cov leggings tau npog nrog cov kua roj vanish dub (nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias lawv tau ua los ntawm tawv lossis hlau!) Thiab pleev xim rau xim kub. Lub hauv caug tseem tsis tau tiv thaiv, uas rau tus neeg caij tsheb yog qhov tsis suav nrog ntawm cov phom.
Armor txog-eroi ntawm XVIII xyoo pua. nrog tus yam ntxwv tsutsu-suneate nrog lub hauv caug loj heev (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
Nws tau kho, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, thaum tate -oge lub hauv caug pawm (los ntawm lo lus "tate" - ntaub thaiv npog) tau txuas rau sab saud ntawm lub suneate. Ntawm qee qhov suneate, hu ua bishamon suneate (hauv kev hwm ntawm vaj tswv ntawm kev ua tsov rog Bishamon), lub hauv caug tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ntawm phaj nruab nrab, uas nthuav tawm mus rau sab saud thiab raug hu ua kakuzuri. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, cov khau pluab twb tau tso tseg lawm, thiab cov khau khiab waraji thiab txawm tias cov khau khau ntoo tau pib hnav.
Lwm qhov rov tsim kho cov cuab yeej ntawm Edo lub sijhawm, XVII xyoo pua. (Tokyo National Tsev khaws puav pheej)
Nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm suneate. Yog li, twb tau nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, xws li ntau yam tshwm sim zoo li tsutsu-suneate los ntawm peb daim phiaj loj, feem ntau yog ntawm pob khawm, thiab sino-suneate-los ntawm cov phaj nqaim ntawm cov ntaub lossis cov saw xa hauv paus. Ib qho ntxiv, daim hlau hlau tau pib xaws ntawm lub ris kom tiv thaiv lub duav los ntawm qhov uas kusazuri - cais ntu ntawm "tiab" ntawm carapace thiab phaj ntawm hip -guard - haidate - poob los ntawm cov samurai zaum saum nees. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub hauv caug txheej tau tuab, nrog paj rwb, thiab sab xub ntiag feem ntau sheathed nrog daim hlau hexagonal daim hlau ntawm kikko. Kusari-suneate muaj cov saw sib txuas ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv, tab sis lawv tsis tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv thiab tsis zoo li lamellar.
Haidate Legguards. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
Hauv lub sijhawm "cov cuab yeej tshiab", tsuas yog etchu -suneate tau tshwm sim - zoo ib yam shinosuneate, tab sis tsis muaj daim ntaub npog. Nws tau ntseeg tias lawv yuav tsum tau hnav thaum los nag lossis yog tias koj feem ntau yuav tsum hla tus dej, vim tias tsuas yog cov hlua tuaj yeem ntub tau ntawm lawv. Kogake khau looj plab hlaub tau tshwm los ntawm tawv tawv thiab nrog ib sab ntawm cov tawv zoo ib yam lossis txawm tias daim hlau. Lawv tsis muaj pob taws thiab ntawm nws lawv tau kho nrog cov hlua. Cov tub rog tub rog Ashigaru tuaj yeem hnav kahyan windings thiab txawm tias ntxig cov hlua xyoob rau hauv. Tab sis nws tau txiav txim siab tias yog khoom kim heev uas tsis tuaj yeem muab rau lawv yam khaub ncaws zoo li cas rau ob txhais ceg.
