Sloboda Cossacks

Sloboda Cossacks
Sloboda Cossacks

Video: Sloboda Cossacks

Video: Sloboda Cossacks
Video: Hmoob Teb Chaws tawm tsam communist agents 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Thaum Lub Rau Hli 27, 1651, cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Me Russia thiab Poland, lub npe hu ua Cherkassy thiab nyob raws ciam teb sab qab teb ntawm Moscow Ukraine, tau teeb tsa los ua tub rog: Sumy, Izyumsky, Akhtyrsky, Kharkov, Ostrogozhsky (thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Sumy, Kharkov, ib feem ntawm Donetsk thiab Lugansk cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine, Kursk, Belgorod thiab Voronezh cheeb tsam ntawm Russia). Cov kev sib hais haum uas tau tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm raug hu ua kev sib hais haum. Nyob los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Ukraine, cov av tau raug hu ua Slobodskoy Ukraine, thiab nws cov neeg nyob hauv raug hu ua Slobodskoy Cossacks.

Sloboda Cossacks
Sloboda Cossacks

Cov tub rog tseem ceeb thiab thaj chaw tswj hwm ntawm Cossacks yog cov tub rog. Cov txee tau muab faib ua ntau pua. Txhua lub nroog thiab kev nyob sib haum xeeb tau tsim thiab nyob los ntawm Cossacks lawv tus kheej, tsis muaj cov neeg tsis nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Sloboda Cossacks evaded kev koom tes nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab tsis koom nrog hauv cov phiaj xwm ntawm Me Me Lavxias hetmans. Feem ntau ntawm cov nyob deb nroog Cossacks tsis txhawb tus neeg ntxeev siab hetman Vyhovsky. Sloboda Cossacks tsis txhawb qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Bakhmut tus thawj tswj hwm Bulavinov xyoo 1707-1709, thaum ua tsov rog nrog cov neeg Swedes, txiav txim siab nws ntxeev siab.

Tag nrho cov txiv neej nyob hauv Sloboda Ukraine tau muab faib ua ob pawg. Cov no yog "sau npe Cossacks", uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev ua tub rog, thiab lawv cov pabcuam pabcuam. Nov yog lub npe ntawm Cossacks uas xav ua cov neeg ua liaj ua teb lossis cov bourgeois me me. Lawv tau raug zam los ntawm kev ua tub rog, tab sis yuav tsum tau pab Cossacks los ua qhov kev pabcuam no, ntxiv rau, lawv tau them se rau cov txhab nyiaj tub rog. Kev hloov pauv ntawm ib pawg mus rau lwm qhov tau tso cai.

Thaum xub thawj, Cossacks tau txiav txim los ntawm tus thawj coj raug xaiv thiab ua raws li Kev Txiav Txim Rau Thawj zaug, thiab los ntawm 1688. - Ambassadorial order, los ntawm 1708 mus rau Azov tub rog tus tswv xeev. Cov ntawv ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj tau pib xaiv. Kev xaiv tsa tau muaj nyob ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm pawg thawj coj, thaum tus thawj tswj hwm tau lav ris nws cov haujlwm rau cov neeg uas tau xaiv nws los ua tus tshaj tawm. Tom qab ntawd, Tsar Peter I, ua kev hloov pauv, tsis nco qab Sloboda Cossacks. Slobodskaya Ukraine, nrog rau Don Army, tau ua haujlwm qis rau Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Tub Rog. Kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm thiab cov thawj tub rog tau raug tshem tawm, thiab huab tais nws tus kheej tau xaiv cov thawj coj tub rog ua ataman. Txij li xyoo 1721, cov nom tswv xaiv tsa los ntawm Rada tau los ua haujlwm tsuas yog tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm lawv tus neeg xaiv tsa los ntawm huab tais Lavxias.

Kev kav ntawm Anna Ioannovna yog lub sijhawm nyuaj rau Sloboda Cossacks, uas rau qee qhov laj thawj uas German Biron tsis nyiam. Txog xyoo 1735, tus naj npawb ntawm Sloboda Cossacks thiab lawv cov neeg pab tau nce mus rau 100,000 tus ntsuj plig, thiab lawv twb tau xa 4,200 Cossacks mus ua tub rog. Txog kev tswj hwm Slobodskaya Ukraine, Anna Ioannovna tau xaiv lub chaw haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas, uas tau hu ua "Chaw Ua Haujlwm Pabcuam rau Kev Tsim Kho Slobodska Regiments". Kev kav tebchaws no nyuaj thiab ruam, txij li cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas ntawm cov chav ib txwm tsis quav ntsej txog Sloboda Cossacks. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub ceev xwm no yog rau feem ntau cov neeg txawv tebchaws uas hais lus yuav luag tsis muaj neeg Lavxias thiab leej twg tau tuaj rau Russia ntawm qhov kev hu xov tooj ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg Biron. Tab sis nrog kev nce mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Elizabeth, txhua yam tau rov qab los.

Txaus siab rau kev tswj hwm lawv thaj tsam sab qab teb thiab npaj lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev ua phem ntawm Crimean Tatars, tsoomfwv tsarist txhawb cov neeg nyob hauv los ntawm kev muab lawv thaj av thiab zam lawv los ntawm se thiab haujlwm. Xyoo 1652 Chernigov thiab Nezhensky regiments tau tsiv los nyob ua ke nrog lawv tsev neeg. Moscow xa cov tub txib mus rau Me Nyuam Russia kom ntxias Cossacks rau nws tus kheej. Dab tsi tshwm sim ua tiav. Hauv kev tshaj tawm tub rog, thaj tsam hauv nroog Cossacks tau qhia lawv tus kheej zoo thiab tau txais kev qhuas ntau zaus los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev.

Kev koom tes ntawm lub nroog Cossack cov tub rog hauv kev ua siab phem thiab kev tawm tsam:

Kev xav ntawm kev tua ntawm Crimean thiab Nogai Tatars hauv 1646, 1661 thiab 1662;

Kev xav ntawm kev sieges ntawm Zaporozhian Cossacks loyal rau Bryukhovetsky thiab kev tua ntawm Nogai thiab Crimean Tatars hu los ntawm nws hauv 1667;

1672 - yeej ntawm Crimean Tatars ntawm Merefa;

1679 - kaum txhiab horde swb hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm Kharkov, yeej ntawm Tatars ntawm Zolochev;

1687, 1689 - kev koom tes ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv nroog hauv Crimean cov phiaj xwm ua ib feem ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias;

1695, 1696 - koom nrog hauv Azov phiaj xwm ntawm Peter I. Cossacks nyob hauv pab tub rog B. P. Sheremetev, uas yuav tsum tau hloov lub ntsej muag ntawm Tatars los ntawm Azov. Cov Akhtyrs tau nyob rau qhov kev sib tw no tau ntau dua ib xyoos, koom nrog kev cua daj cua dub ntawm Kizy-Kermen fortress, ntxiv rau hauv kev thaiv thiab ntes ntau tus fortresses;

1698 - kev koom tes ntawm cov tub rog hauv nroog hauv kev sib tw tsis tiav ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dolgorukov los ntawm Perekop;

Lub Kaum Hli 1700 - xaus ntawm 1702. Slobodsk regiments nkag mus hauv

Ingermanlandia, qhov uas lawv koom nrog kev ua rog nrog Charles XII raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm General Boris Petrovich Sheremetyev;

1709 xya. Kev koom tes hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Poltava ntawm Kharkov thiab Izyumsky lub nroog ib puag ncig Cossack regiments;

Lub Plaub Hlis 25, 1725 - 1000 tus neeg ntiag tug nrog cov thawj coj los ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv nroog raws li cov lus txib ntawm Kharkov tus thawj tub rog Grigory Semyonovich Kvitka nkag mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lavxias lub cev nyob hauv Persia;

Lub Tsib Hlis 1733 - taug kev mus rau Poland kom tiv thaiv kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Slobodsk regiments ua haujlwm raws li ib feem ntawm 2nd Lavxias lub cev ntawm Lieutenant General Izmailov;

1736-1739-Tsov rog Russia-Turkish. Sloboda Cossacks nrog cov tub rog ntawm Field Marshal Minich nkag mus rau thaj av ntawm Crimea thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 14 lawv tau koom nrog cua daj cua dub ntawm Perekop (Akhtyrtsy). Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1737, lawv tau tawm tsam nrog Turks hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm Ochakov, tom qab kev kov yeej uas lawv tau nyob hauv nws cov tub rog thiab ua siab loj tiv thaiv lub fortress tiv thaiv 40-txhiab txhiab tus tub rog Turkish;

1756 - los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm tsev kawm qib siab tub rog, cov tub rog hauv nroog tau xa mus rau Prussia kom koom nrog Lavxias -Prussian War ua ib feem ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Field Marshal Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, 1757, thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gross-Jägersdorf, lub nroog ib puag ncig tsis xwm yeem raug kev txom nyem hnyav, thiab lawv tus thawj coj, Brigadier V. P. Kapnist raug tua. Xyoo 1758, cov tub rog rov qab los ntawm Prussia.

Kev koom tes tsis tu ncua hauv kev ua tsov rog thiab kev sib cais ntau ntawm Cossacks los ntawm lawv cov liaj teb coj Sloboda Cossacks mus rau qhov tsis meej pem. Raws li Efgraf Savelyev sau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm: Xyoo 1760, Sloboda Cossacks tau tso 5,000 tus neeg caij nees nyob rau tom teb, muab faib rau hauv txoj kev qub rau hauv tsib pawg tub rog. kom muaj neeg los ntawm txhua tus neeg, cov neeg nyob hauv Cossack cov av, cov neeg yuav khoom txhua yam khoom, uas tau txais thaj av mus ib txhis. Xyoo 1764, Catherine the Great txiav txim siab tshem tawm Sloboda Cossacks vim lawv tsis meej pem.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus Sloboda Cossacks tsis xav xa mus rau qhov kev txiav txim tshiab thiab ib nrab mus rau Don, Urals thiab Caucasus, ib nrab koom nrog Cossacks nyob hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Yog li keeb kwm zoo ntawm Sloboda Cossacks tau xaus.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Kursk, Belgorod thiab Voronezh tseem tsis tau hnov txog tias muaj cov nyob hauv nroog ib puag ncig Cossacks ntawm lawv thaj chaw, uas yog kev khuv leej. "Koj yuav tsum paub yav dhau los txhawm rau nkag siab tam sim no thiab pom yav tom ntej" (VG Belinsky).

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