Dab tsi USSR tau txais los ntawm cov phoojywg sab hnub poob xyoo 1941-1945
Lend-lease yog dab tsi? Nov yog daim ntawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv nruab nrab, txhais tau tias yog kev xa nyiaj qiv lossis qiv cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, riam phom, mos txwv, cov khoom siv raw khoom, khoom noj, ntau yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam rau ib lub tebchaws.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xwm txheej rau kev sib hais haum rau kev pab no tau teev tseg. Cov ntaub ntawv raug rhuav tshem, ploj, siv thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam tsis raug them nyiaj. Cov cuab yeej tshuav los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab tsim nyog rau cov hom phiaj pej xeem tau them tawm raws li kev qiv nyiaj ntev lossis rov qab mus rau tus neeg xa khoom.
Nws yog ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd uas xa mus rau Soviet Union tau ua los ntawm Asmeskas, Tebchaws Askiv thiab Canada. Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws tau xaus rau 65 xyoos dhau los, tab sis kev sib cav txog lub luag haujlwm no pab pawg ntawm USSR tau ua tiav qhov yeej hauv xyoo 1945 tseem tab tom muaj.
ZOO TSHAJ PLAWS
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, ib qho kev pom zoo tau kos npe los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm USSR thiab Great Britain hauv kev ua tsov rog tiv thaiv lub tebchaws Yelemes, uas ob lub tseem fwv tau cog lus tias yuav muab txhua yam kev pab thiab txhawb nqa.
Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli, thawj lub nkoj thauj khoom hu ua "Dervish" (RO-O) tuaj txog hauv Arkhangelsk. Nws suav nrog Argus lub dav hlau thauj khoom, uas lub dav hlau ya dav hlau tau xa mus rau USSR. Lawv tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm 78th huab cua ntawm Northern Fleet Air Force, txib los ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau B. F. Safonov, thawj tus ace hauv USSR, tau muab ob npaug rau lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union.
Ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd Churchill tau sau ntawv mus rau Stalin: "Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Tsov Rog tau txiav txim siab xa lwm 200 tus Tomahawk tua rog mus rau Russia. Ntawm cov no, 140 yuav raug xa mus rau Arkhangelsk los ntawm no, thiab 60 ntawm cov xaj hauv Tebchaws Meskas."
Qee tus ntawm cov neeg tua rog no tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus lub caij nplooj zeeg-lub caij ntuj no ze Moscow.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli-Cuaj Hli 1941, Tebchaws Askiv tau xa mus rau USSR tsis yog lub dav hlau nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem muaj lub tank loj nruab nrab "Matilda" thiab "Valentine".
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, kev tawm tsam rau pej xeem rau xov xwm ntawm kev tawm tsam German ntawm USSR tsis muaj tseeb raws li hauv tebchaws Askiv.
Kev sib koom tes ntawm Soviet Union nrog Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, kos npe rau ntawm kev cog lus tsis ua phem thiab kev cog lus phooj ywg nrog nws thaum Lub Yim Hli 1939, cov neeg Asmeskas tau txais tos hauv qib siab tsis zoo. Kev tawm tsam -Sovvov txoj kev xav rov zoo, 55% ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas tshawb fawb tau hais tawm tsam kev pabcuam ntawm USSR. Txawm li cas los xij, ob hnub tom qab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tawm tsam USSR, Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm F. Roosevelt tau caw cov xovxwm mus rau nws lub chaw haujlwm thiab hais tias: "Tau kawg, peb yuav muab txhua yam kev pab tau rau Russia."
Lub hauv paus raug cai rau kev xa khoom thawj zaug los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas mus rau USSR yog qhov kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm Soviet-Asmeskas kev lag luam xyoo 1937 thiab kev tso cai tso cai rau xa riam phom mus rau USSR nrog rau kev xa nkoj Asmeskas thauj mus los. Thawj daim ntawv thib peb, uas tau hais qhia tshwj xeeb xav tau ntawm qee yam riam phom, cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab lwm yam khoom siv, yog Moscow Txoj Cai Kev Cai ntawm Peb Lub Hwj Chim raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tham hauv Moscow txij lub Cuaj Hlis 29 txog rau Lub Kaum Hli 2, 1941. Daim ntawv tau kos npe los ntawm VM Molotov los ntawm USSR, A. Harriman los ntawm Asmeskas thiab Lord Beaverbrook los ntawm Great Britain.
Cov txheej txheem sau tseg qhov xav tau ntawm USSR rau ntau hom riam phom, khoom siv tub rog thiab khoom siv, peev xwm ntawm Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas hauv kev ntsib lawv. Tus nqi hauv duas raws li tus nqi ntawm qhov uas tau thov tsis tau teev tseg hauv cov txheej txheem.
Qhov tseeb nthuav - A. Harriman, qhia rau Asmeskas cov neeg sawv cev, rov hais dua: "Muab, muab thiab muab, tsis suav nrog kev xa rov qab, tsis muaj kev xav tias yuav tau txais dab tsi rov qab."
Raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv zoo Alexander Werth sau hauv nws phau ntawv Russia hauv Tsov Rog, Tswv Beaverbrook tau paub txog qhov tseeb tias "tam sim no cov neeg Lavxias tsuas yog tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb ua rau lub teb chaws Yelemes tsis muaj zog, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv kev txaus siab ntawm Askiv ua yam tsis muaj qee yam thiab xa lawv mus rau Russia ".
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tau muab rau kev xa mus rau USSR ntawm 3000 lub dav hlau, 4500 tso tsheb hlau luam, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv, raw khoom, khoom noj, khoom siv thiab khoom siv kho mob - tsuas yog 1.5 lab tons ntawm cov khoom thauj los ntawm Asmeskas thiab Askiv mus rau USSR. Lawv cov nqi tag nrho ntau dua $ 1 nphom”.
Txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1941, USSR tau them rau cov ntaub ntawv tau txais nyiaj ntsuab los ntawm nws cov nyiaj khaws cia kub. Thawj lub nkoj nrog cov khoom zais - 10 tons kub ntawm lub nkoj tau xa los ntawm USSR mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1941.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 30, Roosevelt, hauv tsab ntawv rau Stalin, pom zoo rau Moscow Txoj Cai Kev Cai thiab tau xaj xaj txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941 los nqa cov khoom xa mus rau USSR raws li Txoj Cai Le-Lease Law. Raws li txoj cai, qhov kev txiav txim siab Qiv-Lease tau sau tseg los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Tebchaws Meskas tsuas yog thaum Lub Rau Hli 11, 1942 hauv Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo ntawm Cov Ntsiab Cai uas tau siv rau Kev Pabcuam Ib Leeg hauv Kev Ua Rog Tsov Rog Tawm Tsam. Sawv cev ntawm USSR, nws tau kos npe los ntawm Ambassador rau Tebchaws Meskas, M. M. Litvinov, tom qab kev tawm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas los ntawm V. M. Molotov, uas tau tham nrog Asmeskas cov thawj coj.
Roosevelt hais rau Stalin tias Asmeskas cov khoom siv yuav ua los ntawm kev qiv nyiaj tsis muaj paj laum ntawm $ 1 nphom, them ntau dua kaum xyoo, pib xyoo thib rau tom qab kev ua tsov rog tas.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev xa khoom los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau qeeb hauv qhov ntim tau npaj rau xyoo 1941.
Yog li, raws li txoj kev npaj rau Lub Kaum Hli-Kaum Ib Hlis, hloov 41 lub nkoj nrog thauj khoom, tsuas yog 28 sab laug ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Soviet.
Qhov tseeb dua nyob rau xyoo 1941 Great Britain tau ua tiav nws cov luag num. Hloov ntawm 600 lub dav hlau cog lus, nws tau xa 711 rau USSR, 466 tawm ntawm 750 tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab 300 tawm ntawm 600 lub tankettes..
AIRCRAFT, TANKS, CARS …
Tom qab Moscow Txoj Cai Raws Cai, uas tau siv kom txog rau thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, 1942, lub tebchaws tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler kev koom tes tau kos npe peb daim ntawv zoo sib xws, txhua lub sijhawm ib xyoos: hauv Washington - Kaum Ib Hlis 6, 1942, London - Kaum Hli 19, 1943, thiab Ottawa - Plaub Hlis 17, 1944. Lawv txiav txim siab qhov ntim thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv qiv xaum kom txog thaum xaus Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab riam phom zoo li cas, cov ntaub ntawv tau suav nrog hauv cov npe khoom qiv thiab tau txais hauv Soviet Union? Txog thaum ib nrab xyoo 1942, USSR tau txais 3,100 lub dav hlau los ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg. Ntawm lawv yog Airacobra cov neeg tua rog, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm peb cov kws tsav dav hlau, suav nrog peb zaug Hero ntawm Soviet Union Alexander Pokryshkin. Tom qab tag nrho, 48 ntawm 59 lub dav hlau German nws tua, nws sau rau hauv nws tus account sib ntaus, ya ntawm "Airacobras".
Peb cov kws tsav dav hlau kuj tau hais zoo txog Mitchell B-25 thiab Boston A-20 cov foob pob los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Tab sis Askiv "Cua daj cua dub" tsis txaus siab rau Soviet cov kws tsav dav hlau. Cov neeg tua hluav taws "Spitfire" ntau dua cov dav hlau no hauv tus lej ntawm cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, tab sis lawv muaj tsawg.
Tsis muaj kev txwv ntau, tab sis tseem muaj kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los ntawm Soviet cov kws tsav dav hlau rau lwm hom Kev qiv-xauj dav hlau (Tomahawk R-40, Kittyhawk R-47, thiab lwm yam). Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg tsav nkoj zoo siab tos txais cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm Catalina ya nkoj.
Txog Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1944, USSR tau txais 14,700 lub dav hlau los ntawm Allies. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, rau txhua xyoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, Cov Phooj Ywg tau xa 22,195 lub dav hlau mus rau Soviet Union (raws li lwm qhov chaw - 18,297). Thaum ua tsov rog, USSR tsim tawm ntawm nws cov chaw tsim khoom, raws li Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv, 143,000 lub dav hlau (raws li cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws - 116,494). Yog li, txhua lub dav hlau thib tsib lossis thib rau hauv Red Army Air Force yog Qiv-Lease.
Kev faib cov khoom qiv qiv hauv kev ya dav hlau ntawm Soviet Navy tau tshaj 20% (2,148 lub dav hlau).
Tus nqi aviation Lend-Lease hauv USSR tag nrho yog 3.6 txhiab daus las, lossis kwv yees li 35% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj pab kev koom tes.
Peb lub dav hlau xav tau cov roj av siab octane, uas yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Soviet kev lag luam. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov roj aviation tau them nyiaj los ntawm cov khoom qiv qiv. Ntau tshaj li 1.5 lab tons ntawm cov roj no los ntawm Asmeskas, Great Britain thiab Canada, uas me ntsis dhau nws cov khoom lag luam hauv USSR.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim lub dav hlau yog txhuas. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1942, Soviet Union tau poob 60% ntawm nws cov peev txheej tsim khoom txhuas. Qhov xav tau txhuas, raws li A. I. Mikoyan, yog 4000 tons hauv ib hlis thiab, ntxiv rau, 500 tons ntawm duralumin. Tag nrho cov khoom siv sab hnub poob ntawm txhuas thaum tsov rog muaj txog 325 txhiab tons.
Lub tank Lend-Lease account tau qhib los ntawm cov tub rog Askiv cov tsheb uas tau tsaws ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Arkhangelsk chaw nres nkoj los ntawm cov nkoj ntawm Dervish convoy thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, 1941. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 12 788 tso tsheb hlau luam raug xa mus rau USSR thaum xyoo tsov rog (7500 los ntawm Asmeskas, 5218 los ntawm Askiv).
Hauv tebchaws Soviet, 110,000 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Yog li, Red Army muaj 12% ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam txawv teb chaws.
Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog liab yog Asmeskas cov tub rog nruab nrab "General Sherman" nrog rab phom 75-mm thiab phom 38-100 mm tuab thiab "Stuart", muaj riam phom 75-mm thiab 37-mm.
Ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam Askiv, cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab uas tau hais los saum toj no "Valentine" thiab "Matilda" yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Kev qiv qiv. Thawj ntawm lawv tau siv phom 60-mm, thib ob nrog rab phom 40-mm. Cov neeg Askiv tseem tau muab Churchill lub tank hnyav nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog txog 152 mm thiab rab phom 75 mm.
Cov phoojywg tseem xa 4,912 rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, 8,218 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, 376,000 lub foob pob, 136,000 rab phom tshuab thiab 320,000 tons ntawm cov khoom tawg mus rau Soviet Union.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941, lub tsheb thauj khoom USSR tau poob 159 txhiab lub tsheb (58% ntawm thawj qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg), ntxiv rau cov chaw tsim khoom uas tsim cov khoom siv rau lub tsheb. Qhov tsis muaj tsheb tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau kev txav mus los ntawm cov phom loj thiab muaj peev xwm rov ua haujlwm dua.
Cov tsheb qiv qiv tuaj pab, feem ntau yog los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Nws yog lawv uas tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm txav phom nce. Cov no yog, ua ntej tshaj plaws, "Studebakers", "Doji", "Willys", "Fords".
Hauv tag nrho, los ntawm cov phoojywg, feem ntau los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Soviet Union tau txais 427,386 (raws li lwm qhov chaw - 477,785) lub tsheb ntawm ntau tus qauv thiab 35,170 lub tsheb maus taus.
Ntau tshaj 500 lub nkoj thiab nkoj tau xa mus rau Soviet Navy nyob rau hauv Lend-Lease. Cov no suav nrog 28 lub nkoj loj, 89 tus neeg saib xyuas lub mines, 78 tus neeg yos hav zoov loj hauv nkoj, 60 lub nkoj saib xyuas, 166 lub nkoj torpedo, thiab 43 lub tsaws tsaws tsaws tsag.
Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau ntawm cov nkoj tau pib nkag rau hauv USSR tsuas yog xyoo 1944, thiab feem ntau mus rau Pacific Fleet, nyob rau hmo ua tsov rog nrog Nyij Pooj.
Los ntawm cov phoojywg ntawm USSR nws tau txais txog 1000 lub chaw radar thiab sonars. 25 feem pua ntawm txhua qhov qiv-Lease yog khoom noj.
MAIN ROUTES
Muaj plaub txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev xa cov khoom qiv qiv rau USSR.
Thawj zaug, qhov luv tshaj, nrog rau 4 lab lub tsheb thauj khoom (22.6%) tau thauj, khiav hla North Atlantic hauv cheeb tsam nruab nrab ntawm Spitsbergen thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Norway uas yog neeg German nyob. Txij lub Yim Hli 1941 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1945, 41 Arctic convoys hla los ntawm Iceland thiab Askiv mus rau Murmansk thiab Arkhangelsk. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 811 lub nkoj hauv lub nkoj.
Raws li kev tawm tsam los ntawm German submarines thiab dav hlau, 100 lub nkoj (82 Askiv thiab Asmeskas, 9 Soviet thiab 9 lwm lub tebchaws) raug tua nyob rau hauv txoj kev, thiab nrog lawv ntau txhiab tus neeg Asmeskas, Askiv, Canadian thiab Soviet cov neeg tsav nkoj.
Txoj hauv kev thib ob ntawm cov khoom qiv qiv, hu ua "Persian Corridor", tau khiav tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Askiv hla Persian Gulf thiab Iran. Txoj kev no thauj 4.2 lab tons ntawm cov khoom thauj (23.8%). Nws tau pib ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 1942, tom qab kev ua tub rog ntawm Askiv thiab Soviet Union tau nkag mus rau Iran raws li Anglo-Soviet-Iranian kev pom zoo.
Hauv Iran, cov phoojywg tau tsim txoj kev loj thiab kev tsheb nqaj hlau ntxiv, tshav dav hlau, kev cob qhia dav hlau thiab tsheb sib dhos tsheb. Txij ntawm no mus, cov dav hlau uas tuaj txog thiab nqa tau los ntawm Soviet cov kws tsav dav hlau mus rau thaj tsam ntawm USSR rau pem hauv ntej, thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom nrog Cov Khoom Qiv-Qiv, nyob hauv lawv tus kheej lub zog, kov yeej qhov nyuaj, ntau dua li ib txhiab mais kev. cov suab puam thiab thaj chaw roob, tau mus rau ciam teb Soviet mus rau lub nroog Azerbaijani ntawm Julfa lossis mus rau Iran cov chaw nres nkoj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian.
Qhov thib peb, Txoj Kev Pacific, uas ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog, ntim khoom thauj mus rau USSR yog qhov loj tshaj thiab muaj txog 8 lab tons (47.1%). Cov ntaub ntawv qiv-xaum tau thauj mus rau cov nkoj hauv cov chaw nres nkoj sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab tuaj txog hauv Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Magadan thiab Vladivostok.
Tsis muaj cov neeg taug kev hla txoj kev Pacific. Txhua lub nkoj tau caij nkoj ib leeg, ntawm "drip" dav hlau, tab sis yuav luag txhua lub nkoj muaj rab phom, phom tshuab thiab cov tub rog me. Qhov poob ntawm no yog qhov sib txawv me dua li nyob rau sab qaum teb txoj kev, tab sis tuaj yeem suav tau txog li kaum ob lub nkoj torpedo.
Txoj kev thib plaub yog qhov tshwj xeeb, cuam tshuam nrog kev qiv qiv aviation. Qhov no yog hu ua ALSIB. Cov dav hlau Asmeskas tau caij nkoj hla nws mus rau USSR ntawm lawv tus kheej raws Alaska - Chukotka - Yakutia - Krasnoyarsk txoj kev. Los ntawm Krasnoyarsk, cov neeg tua rog nrog cov tis yooj yim tau thauj mus rau cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab thauj mus rau European ib feem ntawm lub tebchaws, thaum cov foob pob lawv tus kheej ya mus rau pem hauv ntej-kab dav hlau.
Kwv yees li 8,000 lub dav hlau tau xa mus rau USSR raws txoj kev no, suav nrog 5,000 Airacobra thiab Kingcobra cov neeg tua rog, kwv yees li 2,000 Boston A-20 thiab Mitchell B-25 cov foob pob, nrog rau 710 Douglas C-47 thauj dav hlau."
Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev qiv qiv rau USSR, raws li kev suav ntawm Lavxias tus kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag thiab keeb kwm (N. V. Butenina thiab lwm tus) ntawm xyoo tom qab Soviet, ntau dua $ 12 nphom (ntawm tus nqi ntawm xyoo tsov rog).
Igor KRASNOV
PhD hauv Kev Lag Luam
NCO NTSOOV, Ua Tsaug, Ua Tsaug
Cov tswv yim ntawm RUSSIAN thiab BRITISH EXPERTS ntawm Kev Pabcuam Muab Rau Lub Koom Haum SOVIET ntawm thaj av-xaum
Thoob plaws plaub xyoos ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov phoojywg hauv kev tawm tsam Hitler pab pawg tau muab USSR nrog riam phom, mos txwv, khoom noj khoom haus, khoom siv tub rog raws li qiv-xaum … Qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cas qhov kev pabcuam no thiab Soviet Union tuaj yeem yeej yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm Great Britain thiab Tebchaws Meskas? Cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias thiab Askiv tau sim teb cov lus nug no thaum Moscow-London video choj hauv RIA Novosti. Kuj tseem muaj tus neeg sau xov xwm rau Cov Tub Rog-Industrial Courier, uas hais cov lus ntawm qee tus ntawm nws cov neeg koom nrog.
Oleg RZHESHEVSKY
Tus Thawj Coj Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Chaw rau Keeb Kwm Tsov Rog thiab Geopolitics ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm
- Kuv paub ib yam: ua tsaug, ntawm lwm yam, rau Asmeskas, Askiv, Canadian pab, pab los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws, peb koom ua ke yeej kev ua tsov rog. Lawv yeej qhov yeej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab txaus ntshai heev thiab muaj zog uas tsoo tag nrho Tebchaws Europe thiab tswj kom sib sau ua ke pab tub rog los ntawm cov tebchaws nruj.
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, qhov kev pabcuam peb tau txais nyob rau hauv Qiv-Lease, feem ntau dhau los ntawm lub tsheb loj sab qaum teb nto moo (lawv tau mus rau Soviet Union los ntawm Great Britain xyoo 1941-1942 thiab tom qab), yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, txawm hais tias xyoo 1941 nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Qhov kev coj ncaj ncees tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub, thiab tsis yog rau pab tub rog nkaus xwb, tab sis rau peb txhua tus neeg. Kev paub tias peb tsis nyob ib leeg, tias peb tau tawm tsam nrog cov phooj ywg muaj zog xws li Great Britain thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev coj zoo ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab cov pej xeem nyob tom qab.
Kev qiv qiv-qiv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv peb lub tebchaws. Tsis muaj ib txoj haujlwm hnyav uas qhov kev pabcuam no tsis tau hais, nws tsis tau muab qhov kev ntsuas tsim nyog. Thiab niaj hnub no peb tuaj yeem rov hais dua peb qhov kev ris txiaj rau qhov no rau kev coj noj coj ua thiab tib neeg ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler kev koom tes.
Richard OVERY
Xib fwb ntawm University of Exeter
- Kev pab tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau koj lub tebchaws kom yeej txoj kev ua rog ntawd? Peb nco qab tias Soviet Union, txawm tias ua ntej tau txais kev pabcuam puv ntoob nyob rau hauv Lend-Lease, tswj kom thawb cov neeg fascists kom deb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Moscow. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab: kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov hloov pauv no tau tshwm sim hauv cov tub rog Soviet txawm tias ua ntej pib siv khoom raws li qiv-xaum.
Tab sis qiv-Lease, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws tau pab Soviet Union kom muab cov tub rog muaj riam phom thiab mos txwv, muab khoom siv thiab roj. Tsis tas li ntawd, khoom noj khoom haus, khoom siv raw, thev naus laus zis tau muab rau … Txhua qhov no tau tso cai rau USSR hloov nws txoj kev lag luam mus rau kev tsim khoom, ua ntej tshaj plaws, riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog.
Nws zoo li kuv tias cov khoom siv sib txawv, tsis yog siv riam phom thiab cuab yeej siv tub rog xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam khoom siv thiab khoom siv, tau pab Soviet Union kom ua tiav ntau qhov kev tawm tsam loj, suav nrog xyoo 1943-1944. Yog li ntawd, lawv qhov tseem ceeb tsis tuaj yeem ploj zuj zus.
