Kev swb ntawm pawg Konigsberg tau tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau qhov kev rhuav tshem zaum kawg ntawm cov pab pawg East Prussian - pab pawg "Zemland". Cov tub rog ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm AM Vasilevsky thaum lub Plaub Hlis 13, yuav luag tsis muaj kev ncua, tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam German pab tub rog uas nkag mus rau Zemland Peninsula thiab Pillau naval puag. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 26, qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab Pillau fortress raug ntes. Kev ua haujlwm sab hnub tuaj Prussian tau xaus nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm pab pawg Nazi ntawm Zemland ceg av qab teb.
Txoj haujlwm thiab lub zog ntawm ob tog
Lub USSR. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab tam sim ntawd thiab tsis rub tawm qhov kev tawm tsam, Marshal Vasilevsky txiav txim siab koom nrog tsib pab tub rog sib koom ua haujlwm. Tus Saib Xyuas Thib Ob, 5th, 39th thiab 43rd Cov Tub Rog tau nyob hauv thawj lub tebchaws, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 11th tau nyob hauv qhov thib ob. Txog qhov no, cov tub rog tau rov sib sau ua ke: pem hauv ntej, uas yav tas los tau tuav los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib Ob thiab Thib 5, tau txhawb nqa los ntawm 39th Army, Pawg Tub Rog 43 tau raug xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Frisches Huff Bay, Pawg Tub Rog 11 tau thim rov qab. mus rau pem hauv ntej tseg … Cov tub rog ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front tau suav ntau dua 111 txhiab tus tib neeg, ntau dua 3 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, 824 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub rog Soviet tau suav ntau dua cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm yuav luag ob zaug, hauv cov phom loj los ntawm 2, 5 zaug, hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov phom tua tus kheej yuav luag 5 zaug.
Muab qhov ntev me me ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab cov lej tsawg ntawm cov koog thiab tsim, cov tub rog tau txais cov kab nqaim rau kev tawm tsam. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog thaj tsam ntawm Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib Ob - 20 km, tab sis nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, Chanchibadze pab tub rog tau tuav txoj haujlwm no tau ob lub lis piam thiab tswj kev kawm thaj av, cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv thiab npaj rau kev tawm tsam. Cov seem ntawm cov tub rog muaj thaj tsam tsis txaus siab ntawm 7-8 km. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm 5th thiab 39th pab tub rog nrog kev taw qhia ntawm Fischhausen, txhawm rau txiav cov yeeb ncuab ua pawg ua ob ntu thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm nws. Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 11th tau tsim los ua kom tiav ntawm ob pab tub rog. Tus Saib Xyuas Thib Ob thiab 43rd Cov Tub Rog tau txhawb nqa qhov kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm sab xub ntiag, nce mus raws ntug dej hiav txwv sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Zemland Peninsula.
Lub nkoj Baltic tau xav tias yuav npog cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Peb 3 Belorussian Front; los npog kev sib txuas lus hauv hiav txwv nrog lub zog quab yuam thiab submarines thiab ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv; thaj av tactical ntaus rog hauv qab cov yeeb ncuab; txhawb nqa cov tsaws tsaws nrog rab phom loj thiab tiv thaiv kev khiav tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm hiav txwv. Kev tsav dav hlau hauv nkoj yuav tsum xa kev tawm tsam loj heev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab txoj kab hiav txwv thiab txhawb nqa cov tsaws tsaws.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Sab hnub poob ntawm Zemland Peninsula tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 9th thiab 26th Army Corps, uas suav nrog 7-8 tus tub rog thiab ib lub tank faib. Kev txiav txim siab rau pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua thiab lwm pawg, cov yeeb ncuab rog tau mus txog 10 qhov kev sib cais. Cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam ntau dua 65 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, 1200 phom thiab phom, 166 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom.
Ib qho ntxiv, 55th Army Corps (peb lossis plaub qhov kev sib cais thiab ntau qhov tshwj xeeb) tau nyob ntawm Pillau Peninsula hauv ob lub tebchaws, thiab 6th Army Corps tau rov kho sai sai ntawm Frische-Nerung Spit los ntawm qhov seem ntawm kev swb Heilsberg pawg. Txhua tus tub rog German tau koom ua ke rau hauv Pab Tub Rog thib 2, thiab txij lub Plaub Hlis 7th mus rau "East Prussia" pab tub rog. Cov tub rog tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thiab qee qhov ntawm pab tub rog thib 2 thiab cov seem ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4 uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob Prussia. Tus thawj coj ntawm 4th German Army, General Müller, raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab hloov los ntawm General Dietrich von Sauken.
Cov lus hais hauv German tau cia siab tias yuav muaj lub tshuab tseem ceeb nyob rau sab qab teb thiab yav qab teb, yog li cov kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tshaj plaws tau nyob ntawm no: 93, 58th, 1st, 21st, 561st thiab 28th Infantry thiab 5 Panzer faib, uas yog, txog 70-80 % ntawm thawj pab tub rog echelon. Cov neeg German tau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv zoo nrog cov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom, cov chaw ruaj khov thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv. Cov kab tiv thaiv muaj zog tau nyob ntawm Pilaus Peninsula. Lub nroog Pillau yog ib lub chaw ruaj khov.
Thawj theem ntawm kev tawm tsam
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 13, kev npaj phom loj tau pib. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog huab cua thib 1 thiab thib 3 tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm. Tom qab kev npaj phom loj ib teev, cov tub rog ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Soviet tsoo dhau los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Muaj tseeb, qhov kev tawm tsam pib txhim kho tsis raws li txoj phiaj xwm qub.
Thaum yav tav su, German kev tawm tsam hnyav dua. Cov neeg German tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm pawg thib 5 thiab 39th ntawm Krylov thiab Lyudnikov. Txog hnub kawg, cov tub rog Soviet tau nce mus txog 3-4 km, ntes txog 4 txhiab tus neeg German. Hnub tom qab, kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv nrog kev ua phem loj. Cov lus txib German, tau kwv yees lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5 thiab 39. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau txuag tau sab qaum teb ntawm pab pawg, cov neeg German tau pib thim cov tub rog sai sai nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib Ob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv peb hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus, peb cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tsuas yog 9-10 km, thiab sab xis ntawm Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib Ob ntawm Chanchibadze - 25 km thiab mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv.
Qhov thib ob pawg tub rog ntawm lub nkoj caij nkoj ntawm Baltic Fleet tau muab kev pab zoo rau cov tub rog Soviet. Cov neeg tsav nkoj Baltic tsoo rau hauv Frisches-Huff Bay thiab Königsberg Hiav Txwv Kauslim, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg, tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab tua cov ntsiab lus uas cuam tshuam kev ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog hauv av. Kev ya dav hlau thiab ib pab tub rog caij tsheb nqaj hlau tau pib tawm tsam loj heev rau cov yeeb ncuab. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 15 thiab 16, 1945, 24 Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Rifle Division qhov kev ua phem rau cov tub rog tau tsaws ntawm Königsberg Canal dam hauv thaj tsam Pais-Zimmerbude. Kev tsaws thiab tua hluav taws ntawm lub nkoj ua rog tau tso cai rau Pawg Tub Rog 43 tau tshem Pais thiab Zimmerbude cov chaw ruaj khov thiab cov kwj deg los ntawm Nazis. Qhov no tau tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm hiav txwv.
Kev poob ntawm cov kab tiv thaiv thiab kev poob hnyav tau yuam kom German hais kom ua thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 15 kom tshem tawm cov lus txib ntawm "Zemland" cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ua tus saib xyuas cov seem ntawm nws cov tub rog mus rau cov lus txib ntawm "East Prussia" pab tub rog. Cov lus hais hauv German, sim cawm ntau tus tub rog ntau li ntau tau, ua rau muaj kev rau siab kom khiav tawm tib neeg. Kev thauj hiav txwv ua haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos. Tau npaj txhua lub nkoj dawb los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Baltic Hiav Txwv, qis dua ntawm cov dej hiav txwv uas tseem tshuav nyob hauv cov neeg German. Cov nkoj tau rub mus rau hauv Danzig Bay. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm no lawv tau raug huab cua Soviet tsoo loj heev thiab raug kev puas tsuaj loj.
Kev txav chaw ntawm Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib Ob nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Baltic Hiav Txwv nyob rau sab qab teb thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm 39th thiab 5th pab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev qhia dav dav ntawm Fishhausen yuam cov neeg German rub cov tub rog mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm ceg av qab teb thiab teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv. nyob rau pem hauv ntej nqaim. Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 17, peb cov tub rog tau coj lub zog tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab, Fischhausen. Cov seem ntawm pab pawg German Zemland (kwv yees li 20 txhiab tus tub rog) tau thim mus rau thaj tsam Pillau thiab sib sau ua ke hauv txoj haujlwm npaj ua ntej. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau raug ncua.
Yog li, hauv tsib hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, peb cov tub rog tau tshem Zemland ceg av qab teb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog, thiab mus txog thawj kab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Pilaus ceg av qab teb, pem hauv ntej uas yog 2-3 km. Ntawm no tus yeeb ncuab tau muaj lub sijhawm los ua kom sib zog sib ntaus sib tua ntau tshaj plaws, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem hla nws. Kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej tau nres. Ntawm qhov one tes, peb cov tub rog yeej kev yeej, mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab tso lub tebchaws ywj pheej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsoo thiab ncig cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Cov lus txib German tau thim sab qaum teb ntawm Zemland pab pawg los ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab thim cov tub rog los npaj txoj haujlwm ntawm Pillau Peninsula. Cov tub rog German khaws lawv lub peev xwm sib ntaus, lawv tseem tawm tsam tawv ncauj thiab txawj ntse, txawm hais tias lawv raug kev txom nyem loj. Qhov xwm txheej tam sim no hem tias yuav ncua kev ua haujlwm. Kev qhia txog lub zog tshiab rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua xav tau.
Cov cuab yeej tawg ntawm pab tub rog German ntawm Zemland ceg av qab teb
Cov neeg ua haujlwm cug ntawm 11 Guards Army ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws nyob sab nrauv ntawm Pilau
Theem thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ua phem rau Pillau
Cov lus txib hauv Soviet txiav txim siab coj Galitsky's 11th Guards Army mus ua rog. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 16, Vasilevsky tau xaj kom Pawg Tub Rog thib 11 hloov pauv cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib Ob thiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis 18 kom pib tawm tsam rau Pillau thiab Frische-Nerung Spit. Qhov thib 5, 39th thiab 43rd cov tub rog kuj tseem raug rho tawm mus rau qhov chaw khaws cia ua ntej.
Cov lus txib ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog 11 tau txiav txim siab tawm tsam ntawm tus yeeb ncuab sab nraud, tsoo nws txoj kev tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho qhov kev tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog thib ob. Txog hnub kawg ntawm hnub thib ob, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev ua phem rau kev ua phem phem, nws tau npaj los nqa Pillau. Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 17, kev sib cais ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 16 thiab 36th Guards Rifle Corps tau pib txav mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm qub.
Tus Pillau Peninsula yog kwv yees li 15 km ntev thiab 2 km dav ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau 5 km ntawm sab qab teb kawg. Cov tub rog German tau txhim tsa rau txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm no, uas nyob 1-2 km ntawm ib leeg. Kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj ntsiav nrog lub kaus mom tiv thaiv. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Pillau muaj plaub lub fortress forts thiab lub hiav txwv tiv thaiv, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm ntug dej ntawm Frische -Nerung nto qaub ncaug - ob lub forts. Thaum pom tias tus yeeb ncuab muaj kev tiv thaiv hnyav, pib kev tawm tsam tshiab tau ncua rau lub Plaub Hlis 20. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 18, Soviet pab tub rog tau tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj zog. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 19, kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv mus. Nws hloov tawm tias peb tau ntsib ib feem ntawm peb lossis plaub qhov kev sib cais, uas txhawb nqa txog 60 lub foob pob hluav taws thiab cov phom phom, txog li 50-60 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, ntau lub nkoj los ntawm Pillau tua thiab dej hiav txwv.
Thaum 11 teev sawv ntxov. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 20, 1945, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 11th tau pib tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev (600 phom) thiab txhawb nqa huab cua (ntau dua 1,500 qhov kev xaiv), nws tsis ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd txhawm rau rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Peb cov tub rog tau nce qib tsuas yog 1 km, ntes tau 2-3 kab ntawm qhov nqes hav. Hnub thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm tau zais los ntawm hav zoov, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau siv phom loj, thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub xwmfab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi. Cov neeg German tau tiv thaiv qhov chaw ruaj khov zaum kawg hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb, tau hla mus rau kev tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog mus txog rau cov tub rog tub rog uas txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom. Hnub thib ob, huab cua tsis zoo, uas txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb kev ya dav hlau. Ib qho ntxiv, cov pab pawg ntawm pawg German tau raug suav tsis txheeb, txiav txim siab tias tom qab swb ntawm pab pawg Zemland, yeej yeej tau lees paub.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 22, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 8 tau nkag mus rau kev sib ntaus ntawm sab laug ntawm pab tub rog. Hnub peb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, cov neeg German raug thawb 3 km deb. Cov lus hais hauv German tau cuam tshuam rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov seem uas tau swb yav dhau los, txhua chav nyob thiab cov pab pawg ntawm tes. Txoj kab nqaim ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau dhau mus rau qhov txwv nrog riam phom tua hluav taws, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau peb cov tub rog mus ua ntej. Rau txhua 100 metres, qhov nruab nrab, muaj 4 rab phom tshuab thiab 200 tus tub rog nrog riam phom tsis siv neeg. Ntawm no Cov Neeg Germans tau ntxiv cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog thiab cov thooj phom, cov pob zeb ua haujlwm rau cov riam phom hnyav, suav nrog 210 mm caliber. Kev tiv thaiv German yuav tsum yog lo lus "gnawed", ntsuas ntawm ib lub 'meter'. Thiab nyob ze cov tub rog Soviet tuaj txog ntawm Pillau, cov txheej txheem ruaj khov dua tau dhau los. Txhua lub tsev zeb ntawm Pillau thiab nws thaj tsam, qhov uas yuav luag tsis muaj vaj tse ntoo, tau hloov kho rau kev tiv thaiv. Lwm lub tsev loj tau npaj zoo heev rau kev tiv thaiv uas lawv yuav luag tsis txawv ntawm lub fortress forts. Hauv cov plag tsev qis, lawv tau teeb tsa phom, txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv lub foob pob foob pob, thiab zes tshuab rab phom nyob saum. Lub fortress muaj peb lub hlis khoom thiab tuaj yeem raug kaw ntev. Cov neeg German niaj hnub tawm tsam, txhua lub tsev yuav tsum raug cua daj cua dub los. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum huab cua tsis zoo, thaum lub dav hlau tsis muaj zog, yuav luag sib npaug.
Yog li ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau hnyav heev thiab tawv ncauj. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 22, 1945, nyob sab nrauv ntawm Pillau, tus phab ej ntawm cua daj cua dub ntawm Konigsberg, tus thawj coj siab tawv ntawm 16th Tus Saib Xyuas Rifle Corps, Tus Thawj Coj Loj Stepan Savelyevich Guriev, tau tuag. S. S. Guryev pib ua haujlwm pab tub rog Liab thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, twb yog tus thawj tub rog nws tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog Nyij Pooj hauv thaj av Khalkhin-Gol. Nws tau tawm tsam txij thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 10, tom qab ntawd tau hais kom 5 Tub Rog Tub Rog Corps, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nws tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Moscow. Ua siab tawv thiab txawj ua tus coj 39 Pawg Tiv Thaiv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Stalingrad. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hais kom Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog 28 thiab 16. Txog kev txawj ua thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thiab ua siab loj rau tus kheej thaum ua phem rau Koenigsberg, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union. Xyoo 1946, hauv cheeb tsam Kaliningrad, lub nroog Neuhausen tau hloov npe los ua kev qhuas tus tuag nyob hauv Guryevsk thiab cheeb tsam Guryevsky tau tsim.
Monument ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union S. S. Guriev ntawm kev nco txog 1200 tus tiv thaiv hauv Kaliningrad
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Marshal Vasilevsky nws tus kheej yuav luag tuag hauv txoj haujlwm no. Nws tau mus rau tom chaw saib xyuas tub rog hauv Fischhausen, thaj chaw uas raug tua los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab phom loj, thiab tau raug hluav taws. Vasilevsky lub tsheb tau tawg thiab nws tus kheej, los ntawm qhov muaj hmoo, muaj txoj sia nyob.
Cov tub rog German nyob hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv lub tank ze Lochsted Forest. Ib ntawm ntau txoj kab kev tiv thaiv nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Pillau cov tub rog tiv thaiv
Cov tub rog German hauv cov chaw nkaum tau khawb ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv lub tank ze ntawm Lochsted Forest
Cov tub rog Soviet nyob ntawm Vostochny fort hauv Pillau
Lub Plaub Hlis 24, peb cov tub rog, txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas cuam tshuam rau feem ntau cov tub rog-npaj rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, suav nrog cov tub rog uas txhawb nqa los ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam, coj Neuhoser. Kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj rau qhov chaw ruaj khov no, uas npog txoj hauv kev mus rau Pillau, tau siv sijhawm yuav luag ib hnub. Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 25, peb cov tub rog hla dhau lub chaw tiv thaiv tub rog los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, thiab ntawm sab xis yog koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov ze ze rau Pillau. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 25, Soviet pab tub rog tau pib ua phem rau Pillau. Cov lus hais hauv German tau nkag siab tias lub chaw tiv thaiv yuav raug piam sij, tab sis tau sim kom muaj sijhawm txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tub rog ntau li ntau tau los ntawm hiav txwv lossis mus rau Frische-Nerung nto qaub ncaug. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tiv thaiv tawv ncauj ntawm Pillau xav ua qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv Berlin kev coj. Cov tub rog ntawm lub fortress nws tus kheej tau me me, tab sis cov tub rog tseem ceeb thiab ntau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm tau thim rov qab mus rau lub nroog. Cov tub rog Pillau tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv thiab cov phom loj los ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Frische-Nerung Spit thiab rab phom loj ntawm 8-10 lub nkoj thiab nkoj nkoj.
Tus Thawj Coj Galitsky tau xaj kom 16 Tus Saib Xyuas Corps coj lub chaw tiv thaiv nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm ceg av qab teb, yuam Zeetif Strait ntawm kev txav mus thiab ua raws lub hauv paus ntawm Frische-Nerung Spit; Mus rau 36th corps mus nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog thiab tseem hla txoj kev nqaim; 8th corps - kom dim lub chaw nres nkoj sab hnub tuaj thiab, tau kov yeej txoj kev nruj, kom txeeb tau Neitiff qhov chaw muaj zog (muaj lub dav hlau German).
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 25, Soviet cov tub rog, uas muaj kev paub ntau hauv kev sib ntaus hauv nroog thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cua daj cua dub ntawm Konigsberg, tshem tawm sab nrauv thiab tsoo mus rau hauv plawv nroog. Cov pab pawg ua phem tau coj cov tsev, xuas qhov hauv phab ntsa, tawg lub tsev uas muaj zog tshwj xeeb thiab coj Pillau ib qib zuj zus. Rau cov neeg German, tsuas yog ib sab ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau thaj tsam sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm lub nroog thiab lub chaw tiv thaiv tseem nyob. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 26, lawv coj lub Pillau fortress. Lub qub fortress qub, uas muaj 1 txhiab. garrison, tsis swb rau cov phom loj nruab nrab. Multi-meter cib ntsa thiab qab nthab arched tiv cov plhaub ntawm nruab nrab thiab txawm tias loj calibers. Lub qhov rooj tau ntim cov cib thiab cov qhob thaiv. Cov duab ntawm lub fortress nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau lub hnub qub ci ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws flanking. Nrog rab phom loj thiab rab phom tshuab los ntawm ntau lub ntsej muag, cov neeg German tau thim rov qab peb cov tub rog. Tus tub ceev xwm tsis lees paub qhov kawg ntawm kev swb. Tsuas yog rub los ntawm ntau rab phom hnyav hnyav, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm 213rd pawg tub rog thiab phom hnyav rau tus kheej nrog rab phom 152-mm, tsom hluav taws, tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Lub rooj vag thiab cov thaiv thaiv tau raug tshem tawm. Nrog qhov pib tsaus ntuj, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Guards Rifle Division tau pib txiav txim siab ua phem. Cov neeg saib xyuas, tau sau txog 3-meter ditch nrog cov neeg nyiam, cov laug cam thiab ntau yam kev kho kom zoo, tau tawm mus rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab pib nce phab ntsa raws tus ntaiv, tawg mus rau qhov ua txhaum. Sab hauv lub fortress, kev sib ntaus sib tua pib nrog kev siv lub foob pob tawg, cov foob pob tuab thiab cov nplaim taws. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, cov tub rog German raug rhuav tshem pib muab kev rau txim.
Lub fortress ntawm Pillau
Kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kev sib ntaus ntawm Frische-Nerung nto qaub ncaug
Twb tau nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 25, peb cov tub rog hla Zeetif Strait ntawm kev txav mus los. Hauv qab npog ntawm rab phom loj thiab muaj zog tawm tsam los ntawm cov foob pob hnyav, nrog rau cov pa luam yeeb, cov amphibians ntawm Captain Gumedov nrog cov saib xyuas ntawm pab tub rog thib 2 ntawm 17th Infantry Regiment nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Captain Panarin yog thawj tus hla kev txoj kev. Cov neeg saib xyuas tau tuav thawj tus trench ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nrog nrawm nrawm thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German, uas tau sim muab pov thawj thawj lub echelon rau hauv dej. Thawj qhov tsaws yog tub rog tub rog ntawm tub ceev xwm tub rog Lazarev. Nws tuav tus choj hla thiab sawv kev tuag, txawm tias cov neeg raug mob tsis kam tawm, txuas ntxiv mus. Lieutenant Lazarev tau raug mob ob zaug twb dhau los ntawm kev hla kev, tus thib peb tau raug mob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg German. Txawm li cas los xij, tus phab ej tsis kam tawm mus thiab txuas ntxiv tua hluav taws los ntawm rab phom tshuab, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuag, rhuav tshem txog li 50 tus neeg German. Tsuas yog thaum Lazarev tsis nco qab lawm nws raug coj mus. Thawj tus neeg saib xyuas uas tuav lub taub hau ntawm tus nto qaub ncaug - Yegor Ignatievich Aristov, Savely Ivanovich Boyko, Mikhail Ivanovich Gavrilov, Stepan Pavlovich Dadaev, Nikolai Nikolaevich Demin thiab tus tub rog Komsomol tus kws pab tub rog tub rog Sergeant Vasily Alexandrovich Eremushkin tau txais lub npe ntawm Soviet ntawm Hero.
Qhov thib ob echelon, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm 17th regiment, coj los ntawm nws tus thawj coj, Lieutenant Colonel A. I. Bankuzov, tau tsiv tom qab thawj lub nkoj hauv nkoj, nkoj, nkoj thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntab. Thaum tsaus ntuj, chav nyob ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib 5 tau hla txoj kev nruj thiab nthuav dav tus choj. Thaum 11 teev sawv ntxov. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 26, Neithiff qhov chaw muaj zog tau coj. Cov tub rog ntawm pawg 84th thiab 31th tseem tau hla txoj kev hla thiab ntes cov choj. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los npaj kev hloov pauv riam phom hnyav thaum sawv ntxov thiab pib tsim kho lub nkoj loj, uas tau npaj ua ntej thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 27.
Txhawm rau ua kom nrawm rau kev ua paug, ob lub zog tawm tsam tau ua tiav. Kev cais tawm sab hnub poob, coj los ntawm Colonel L. T. Bely (chav ntawm 83rd Pawg Saib Xyuas - txog 650 tus neeg tua rog) - los ntawm hiav txwv siab thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj tawm ntawm Rear Admiral NE Regiment of 43rd Army) - los ntawm sab Frisches Huff Bay. Cov neeg sab hnub poob tsaws tsaws hauv thaj tsam sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Lemberg (3 km sab qab teb ntawm Zeetif Strait). Kev tshem tawm sab hnub tuaj tau tsaws hauv cheeb tsam Cape Kaddih-Haken hauv ob lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Siv ob peb lub nkoj ceev, uas tau siv riam phom 88-mm, cov yeeb ncuab tau sim cuam tshuam rau Soviet kev tsaws haujlwm. Cov neeg German muaj peev xwm ua kom puas ob lub nkoj minesweeper. Tab sis qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm peb lub nkoj ua rog tiv thaiv lawv kom thim rov qab. Kev tawm tsam ntawm peb qhov kev tsaws yuav tsis xav tau, thiab cov paratroopers tau ntes tus choj nrawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd cov yeeb ncuab zoo tshaj plaws tau tawm tsam Guardsmen, thiab lawv yuav tsum tawm tsam nyuaj. Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm hnub tau tawm tsam 8-10 kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German. Tsuas yog tom qab kev tsaws thawj zaug ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb 5 thiab 31 tau ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov paratroopers. Feem ntau, cov tsaws tsaws tsag, txawm hais tias suav nrog ntau qhov yuam kev, tiv nrog lawv txoj haujlwm. Lawv cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lawv tus kheej, ua rau nws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.
Nyob rau hauv lub liberated Pillau
Cov neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws German taug kev hauv kab lus raws txoj kev hauv cheeb tsam Frische-Nerung nto qaub ncaug
Frische-Nerung Spit (niaj hnub Baltic Spit), cais lub hiav txwv los ntawm Frische-Huff Bay, yog li 60 km ntev. Nws qhov dav sib txawv ntawm 300 meters txog 2 km. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tswj hwm nws, yog li cov neeg German muaj peev xwm tsim kev tiv thaiv nruj thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam. Cov chav ntawm 83rd, 58th, 50th, 14 thiab 28th Kev Sib Tw Ua Haujlwm Hauv Paus, nrog rau ntau qhov sib cais thiab cov pab pawg sib txawv, tiv thaiv ntawm tus nto qaub ncaug. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kwv yees li 15 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, ntau dua 40 lub roj teeb ntawm thaj av, ntug dej hiav txwv thiab rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Vim tias qhov nqaim ntawm qhov nto qaub ncaug, cov tub rog Soviet tau nce qib nrog cov tub rog ntawm 1-2 kev sib cais, hloov pauv lawv mus rau qhov tshiab. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 26, cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm 8 thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj tau ntes tus ntug dej hiav txwv sab qaum teb ntawm Frische-Nerung Spit, puag ncig ib feem ntawm pab pawg German, ntes txog 4, 5 txhiab tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Germans txuas ntxiv tawm tsam, siv qhov yooj yim ntawm thaj av. Kev tiv thaiv German, nrog rau ntawm Pilaus Peninsula, yuav tsum txhais "zom los". Cais cais cov chav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv rau qee lub sijhawm txawm tias nyob hauv peb lub nraub qaum. Lawv tau nyob ib puag ncig, thiab lawv tsis maj nrawm rau cua daj cua dub, feem ntau cov neeg Germans tau tso tseg tom qab qee lub sijhawm.
Cov lus txib German, tseem cia siab rau "txuj ci tseem ceeb", txuas ntxiv thov kom sib ntaus kom tuag. Kev sib ntaus hnyav tau txuas ntxiv mus rau ob peb hnub ntxiv. Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 11 tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hnyav rau tsib hnub thiab nce mus txog 40 km raws Frische-Nerung Spit. Tom qab ntawd, cov chav ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog 11 tau hloov los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 48 Tub Rog. Kev sib ntaus sib tua kom rhuav tshem pawg German ntawm Frische-Nerung nto qaub ncaug thiab ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Vistula (qhov twg txog 50 txhiab tus Nazis tau nyob) txuas ntxiv mus txog lub Tsib Hlis 8, thaum cov seem ntawm pab tub rog German (kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus tib neeg) thaum kawg ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj..
Cov tub rog ntawm Moscow Proletarian Division tab tom tua cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Frisch Nerung nto qaub ncaug. 1945g ua.
Ib pab tub rog loj ntawm pab tub rog tiv thaiv 11 tau tawm tsam rau Frisch Nerung nto qaub ncaug
Soviet cov tub rog-tiv thaiv ntawm Frisch Nerung Bay tom qab swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Plaub Hlis 1945
Cov txiaj ntsig
Thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Zemland Peninsula, pab tub rog ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front tau rhuav tshem txog 50 txhiab tus tub rog German thiab cov tub ceev xwm, thiab coj txog 30 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw. Ntawm Pillau Peninsula thiab Frische-Nerung nto qaub ncaug, tsuas yog txij lub Plaub Hlis 20 txog 30, cov seem ntawm 5 pawg tub rog tau raug rhuav tshem, 7 kev sib cais (suav nrog lub tank thiab lub cav) tau swb, tsis suav tus kheej thiab cov chav tshwj xeeb thiab subunits. Kwv yees li 1,750 rab phom thiab phom, txog 5,000 lub phom tshuab, txog 100 lub dav hlau, ntau dua 300 lub chaw tso khoom nrog ntau yam cuab yeej siv tub rog, thiab lwm yam, raug ntes raws li khoom plig. Cov tub rog uas tau dim ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Prussia sab hnub tuaj tau dim tag nrho los ntawm Nazis. Kev yeej ntawm Red Army nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tub rog. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ntes Konigsberg - qhov tseem ceeb thib ob ntawm kev ua tub rog -nom tswv, keeb kwm chaw ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Nrog poob ntawm East Prussia, Peb Reich poob ib qho ntawm nws thaj chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam. Lub teb chaws Yelemees poob lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm German Navy thiab Air Force. Soviet Baltic Fleet tau txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm thiab cov hauv paus hauv paus, tau txais cov thawj hauv paus hauv paus, chaw nres nkoj thiab chaw nres nkoj xws li Königsberg, Pillau, Elbing, Brandenburg, Krantz, Rauschen thiab Rosenberg. Tom qab ua tsov rog, Pillau yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Baltic Fleet.
Cov tub rog German raug kev txom nyem hnyav: ntau dua 25 qhov kev sib cais tau raug puas tsuaj, 12 kev sib cais tau swb, poob 50-75% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab khoom siv. Cov tub rog German poob txog 500 txhiab tus neeg (ntawm uas 220 txhiab leej raug kaw). Cov tub rog (Volkssturm), tub ceev xwm, koom haum Todt, Hitler Cov Hluas Kev Pabcuam ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Lus (lawv tus lej tau zoo sib xws nrog Wehrmacht - txog 500-700 txhiab tus tib neeg) tau poob siab. Tus lej tseeb ntawm kev poob ntawm cov tub rog German thiab cov koomhaum ua tub rog tsis paub. Kev poob ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front hauv East Prussian kev ua haujlwm - ntau dua 584 txhiab tus tib neeg (uas ntau dua 126 txhiab leej raug tua).
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv East Prussia tau kav peb lub hlis thiab ib nrab hlis (105 hnub). Thaum thawj theem, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog tau tawg thiab pawg East Prussian tau sib cais ua peb ntu: pawg Heilsberg, Konigsberg thiab Zemland. Tom qab ntawd Red Army tsis tu ncua tsoo cov hnab loj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis kam: kev puas tsuaj ntawm Heilsberg pawg, kev ua phem rau Koenigsberg thiab kev swb ntawm pab pawg Zemland.
Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua pauj rau cov tub rog Imperial Lavxias, uas xyoo 1914 raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv hav zoov thiab hav dej ntawm East Prussia. Kev ua pauj keeb kwm tau dhau los. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, lub nroog Königsberg thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia-USSR. Koenigsberg los ua Kaliningrad. Ib feem ntawm East Prussia tau hloov pauv mus rau Poland zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tub ceev xwm Polish tam sim no twb tsis nco qab txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Moscow rau cov neeg Polish.
Cov tub rog Soviet nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic. Sab hnub tuaj Prussia
Cov tub rog Soviet tsa lub ncuav ci kom yeej. Koenigsberg. Tej zaum 1945
