75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Xya Hli 3, 1944, thaum Ua Haujlwm Bagration, Pab Pawg Liab tau dim Minsk los ntawm Nazis. Kev ua haujlwm hauv Belarusian (qhov hu ua "Fifth Stalinist Blow") tau pib rau lub Rau Hli 23 thiab kav ntev txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 29, 1944. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua rau muaj kev swb hnyav rau Pab Pawg Tub Rog German, tau tso tawm Belarus, Lithuania thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Poland.
Qhov xwm txheej hauv Belarus thaum hmo ntuj ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua phem ntawm Red Army nyob rau sab hnub poob lub tswv yim yog kev tso tawm Belarus los ntawm kev ua haujlwm German. Rau peb xyoos cov pej xeem ntawm Byelorussian SSR tau nyob hauv qab tus quab ntawm Hitler "kev txiav txim tshiab". Cov neeg German nyiag cov khoom thiab kab lis kev cai muaj txiaj ntsig, plundered tib neeg thiab koom pheej. Txhua qhov kev tawm tsam tau tsoo los ntawm kev ua phem phem tshaj plaws. Dawb Russia tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm kev ua yeeb ncuab: nyob hauv cov chaw nyob ntsiag to, hauv tsev loj cuj, thaum raug ntiab tawm thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, Nazis tua 1.4 lab tus tib neeg hauv tebchaws. Cov no tsuas yog cov pej xeem, suav nrog poj niam, neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Tsis tas li ntawm thaj chaw ntawm BSSR, cov yeeb ncuab tua ntau dua 800 txhiab tus neeg Soviet raug kaw hauv kev ua tsov ua rog. Cov Nazis tau tsav mus ua qhev hauv tebchaws Yelemes txog 380 txhiab tus neeg, feem ntau yog cov hluas.
Hauv kev mob siab ua kom lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg Soviet los tawm tsam, cov neeg rau txim German tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov chaw nyob, cov zos thiab cov zej zog, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab lwm yam. hom kev nyob hauv nroog hauv BSSR. Minsk, Gomel, Vitebsk, Polotsk, Orsha, Borisov, Slutsk thiab lwm lub nroog raug puas tsuaj loj, 9,200 lub zos thiab cov zos tau raug puas tsuaj. Cov neeg txeeb tau plundered thiab rhuav tshem hauv Belarus ntau dua 10 txhiab lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam, ntau dua 10 txhiab pawg thiab xeev cov liaj teb, ntau dua 1,100 lub tsev kho mob, ntau dua 1,000 lub tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tsev ua yeeb yam, tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab lwm yam Cov khoom raug puas tsuaj los ntawm Belarusian Koom pheej, suav txog 35 ntawm nws cov nyiaj xyoo ua ntej ua tsov rog!
Txawm li cas los xij, thaj av sab hnub poob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, Belarusians, tsis xa mus rau cov neeg ua phem. Kev tawm tsam loj ntawm cov tog neeg tau nthuav tawm hauv Belarus. Cov Communists, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nruab nrab Russia, muaj peev xwm los tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas hauv qab av. Qab cov yeeb ncuab kab, Komsomol cov hluas hauv av tau ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog tog thiab Komsomol hauv av sib koom ua ke 95 txhiab tus neeg. Cov neeg tsis yog tog neeg tau koom ua ke nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Thoob plaws hauv lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm txoj haujlwm, Pawg Sab Laj ntawm BSSR thiab nws Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Hauv Nroog tau teeb tsa ntau dua 1,100 pawg neeg sib cais. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ib feem ntawm pawg tub rog (kwv yees li 200). Cov tub rog koom nrog suav ntau dua 370 txhiab tus neeg tua rog. Thiab lawv cov peev txheej suav txog 400 txhiab tus tib neeg. Kwv yees li 70 txhiab tus neeg ntxiv tau ua haujlwm hauv cov koom haum thiab pab pawg hauv av.
Cov koom nrog thiab cov neeg tua rog hauv av tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tus yeeb ncuab. Lawv tau tshawb nrhiav, teeb tsa kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab kev sib txuas lus. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog kev nyiag tub hluas thiab poj niam mus ua qhev, thiab cuam tshuam kev muab cov khoom lag luam ua liaj ua teb rau Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov neeg koom nrog tau tawm tsam cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov tub rog, ib chav nyob ib leeg, echelons, rhuav tshem txoj kev sib txuas lus, txuas hniav, kev sib txuas lus, rhuav tshem cov neeg ntxeev siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tog neeg tau mus txog qhov loj, cov neeg koom nrog tswj tau txog 60% ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov koom pheej. Cov neeg koom tes xiam oob khab txog li 500 txhiab tus neeg nyob thiab lawv cov neeg koom tes, rhuav tshem ntau cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom.
Yog li, kev tawm tsam ib feem hauv BSSR tau txais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nqis tes ua thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev yeej tag nrho ntawm cov neeg Soviet. Cov lus txib German yuav tsum tau hloov pauv lub zog tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov chaw thiab kev sib txuas lus, txhawm rau tawm tsam Soviet pab pawg. Kev ua haujlwm loj tau teeb tsa los rhuav tshem cov neeg koom nrog, tab sis Nazis ua tsis tau yeej qhov kev tawm tsam Belarusian. Rely ntawm kev paub ntawm thaj av, kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov av loj ntawm cov ntoo thiab hav zoov, thaj av tau ua tiav tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog.
Ua ntej pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm Byelorussian thiab thaum lub sijhawm nws, cov neeg koom nrog ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov yeeb ncuab, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm kev sib txuas lus, ua rau cov tsheb tsis zoo nyob ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau uas coj mus rau pem hauv ntej tau peb hnub. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg koom tes tau muab kev pabcuam nquag rau cov tub rog ntawm Red Army.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Dawb Russia. German rog
Cov lus txib Hitlerite tsis xav tias yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm Red Army hauv txoj hauv kev. Lub sijhawm no, kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj txuas ntxiv rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Berlin tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb kom khaws Belarus hauv lawv txhais tes. Nws tau them rau sab hnub tuaj Prussian thiab Warsaw cov lus qhia, tseem ceeb tshaj rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Tsis tas li, kev khaws cia ntawm thaj chaw no ua kom muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov pab pawg tub rog "North", "Center" thiab "Northern Ukraine". Tsis tas li, Belarusian tus coj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv kev sib txuas lus hla dhau Belarusian thaj chaw mus rau Poland thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau Tebchaws Yelemees.
Belarus tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw (3rd Panzer, 4th, 9th and 2nd Field Armies) raws li cov lus txib ntawm Field Marshal Bush. Tsis tas li, cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog 16 los ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "Sab Qaum" thiab cov tub rog ntawm 4 Panzer Army los ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "Sab Qaum Teb Ukraine" txuas nrog Belorussian qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab qaum teb. Muaj 63 pawg sib faib thiab 3 pawg tub rog nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Cov tub rog German suav 1.2 lab tus tib neeg, 9500 rab phom thiab phom, 900 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, 1350 lub dav hlau. Kev tiv thaiv German raws kab Vitebsk - Orsha - Mogilev - Bobruisk tau npaj tau zoo thiab koom ua ke. Kev tiv thaiv German tau txuas nrog rau qhov xwm txheej zoo ntawm thaj chaw - hav zoov, dej, pas dej thiab hav dej. Lub nroog loj tau hloov mus ua "fortresses". Cov pab pawg muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog German tau nyob ntawm ntug dej, hauv thaj tsam ntawm Vitebsk thiab Bobruisk.
German High Command ntseeg tias lub caij ntuj sov yuav nyob ntsiag to rau Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw. Nws tau ntseeg tias txhua qhov ua tau npaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias kom cuam tshuam cov neeg German los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Carpathians thiab Kovel. Kev ya dav hlau thiab xov tooj cua txawj ntse tsis pom tus yeeb ncuab npaj rau qhov ua phem loj. Hitler ntseeg tias cov neeg Lavxias tseem tab tom tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Ukraine, los ntawm thaj tsam sab qab teb ntawm Kovel, txhawm rau txiav tawm Pawg Pab Pawg Pawg thiab Sab Qaum Teb los ntawm pab tub rog nyob rau sab qab teb. Yog li ntawd, Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb Ukraine tau muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov koog txawb los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam. Thiab Pawg Pab Pawg Tub Rog tsuas muaj peb pawg tub rog sib faib thiab tsis muaj cov peev txheej ruaj khov. Cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw tau thov nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1944 kom thim cov tub rog los ntawm Belorussian qhov tseem ceeb, txhawm rau qib ua ntej, tau nkag mus rau nws tus kheej tom qab Berezina. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus txib siab tau xaj kom ua haujlwm qub.
Kev ua haujlwm Bagration
Lub hauv paus Soviet tau npaj los tso tawm Belarus, ib feem ntawm Baltic States thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Ukraine, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tshem tebchaws Poland thiab mus txog ciam teb ntawm East Prussia, uas yuav tso cai pib kev ua phem rau hauv German thaj chaw. Txog thaum lub sijhawm Belorussian kev ua haujlwm pib, Cov Tub Rog Liab, tau nce mus deb ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Soviet -German pem hauv ntej, npog Belorussian ledge hauv qhov loj loj txog 1000 km ntev - los ntawm Polotsk mus rau Kovel.
Txoj kev npaj ntawm Soviet cov lus txib tau xav txog kev xa khoom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj zog - los ntawm sab qaum teb los ntawm Vitebsk los ntawm Borisov mus rau Minsk, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb - hauv Bobruisk kev coj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Minsk. Kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam tau xav txog ib txhij hauv ntau qhov kev qhia - Lepel, Vitebsk, Bogushev, Orsha, Mogilev, Svisloch thiab Bobruisk. Txhawm rau txhawm rau tsoo cov yeeb ncuab kev tiv thaiv nrog lub zog loj thiab tsis tau xav txog, puag ncig thiab tshem tawm cov tub rog German hauv thaj tsam ntawm Vitebsk thiab Bobruisk, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim kev tawm tsam qhov tob, ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov tub rog ntawm 4th German pab tub rog hauv cheeb tsam Minsk.
Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tau tso siab rau cov tub rog ntawm 4 txoj hauv kev: 1st Baltic Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm I. Kh. Bagramyan, thib 3 Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej raws li I. D. 1st Belorussian Front K. RKossovsky. Kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ua ntawm lub ntsej muag tau ua los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Hauv Paus, Marshals G. K. Zhukov thiab AM Vasilevsky. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, lub ntsej muag tau txhawb ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tshooj 3 thiab 1st Belorussian Fronts, uas tau xa cov tshuab tseem ceeb rau ntawm cov flanks. Chernyakhovsky tau pauv mus rau Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog 11, lub tank, tshuab ua haujlwm thiab tub rog tub rog. Tsis tas li, tom qab cov tub rog ntawm BF thib 3, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5, uas nyob hauv qhov tshwj tseg ntawm Lub Hauv Paus, tau mloog zoo. Rokossovsky tau hloov mus rau Tus Saib Xyuas Thib Ob, 28th thiab 2nd Tank Army, 2 lub tank, tshuab ua haujlwm thiab 2 pab tub rog. Raws li ib feem ntawm 1st BF, tus tsim tshiab 1st Army Polish yog los ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tus Saib Xyuas Thib Ob thiab 51 pab tub rog tau pauv los ntawm Crimea mus rau lub hauv paus chaw khaws cia rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm. 11 lub cev huab cua thiab 5 kev sib cais (kwv yees li 3 txhiab lub dav hlau) tau ntxiv rau cov tub rog huab cua.
Hauv tag nrho, plaub lub tebchaws Soviet suav ntau dua 1.4 lab tus tib neeg, 31 txhiab phom thiab phom, 5200 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, kwv yees li 5 txhiab lub dav hlau. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, cov rog no tau nce ntau ntxiv. Cov tub rog Soviet tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj hauv cov tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam, phom loj thiab dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tuaj yeem khaws zais cia rau kev ua haujlwm loj, txhua qhov kev txav chaw thiab kev mob siab rau ntawm pab tub rog, kev muab khoom siv.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Belarus
Qhov haujlwm tau pib rau lub Rau Hli 23, 1944. Hnub no, cov tub rog ntawm 1st PF, 3rd thiab 2nd BFs tau tawm tsam, hnub tom ntej - 1st BF. Kev kov yeej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tau ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov phom loj, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab dav hlau (suav nrog dav dav dav dav dav). Thawj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm, pab tub rog ntawm 6th Guards thiab 43rd Armies ntawm Generals Chistyakov thiab Beloborodov ntawm 1st PF tsoo los ntawm Nazi tiv thaiv sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Gorodok, ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm 16th Army ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg "North "thiab 3rd Tank Army of Army Group" Chaw ". Tsis tas li, Kev tiv thaiv German tau raug khawb los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 39th thiab 5th ntawm Generals Lyudnikov thiab Krylov ntawm 3rd BF, uas tau nce qib los ntawm thaj chaw Liozno. Tus Saib Xyuas 11 thiab cov tub rog 31st, uas tau ntsib cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog tiv thaiv hauv Orsha cov lus qhia, tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau kev tiv thaiv German.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, cov tub rog ntawm 6 Tus Saib Xyuas thiab 43 tus tub rog, rhuav tshem kev tawm tsam ntawm Nazis, mus txog Sab Hnub Poob Dvina thiab yuam nws tam sim ntawd, nqa cov choj hla ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb. Cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 39 tau txiav tawm cov neeg German txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm Vitebsk nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob. Cov tub rog ntawm 5th Army tau nce mus rau Bogushevsk. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5, cov pab pawg cavalry ntawm General Oslikovsky (Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Thib Peb Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv thiab Pawg Tiv Thaiv thib 3) tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev kov yeej. Ntawm Orsha cov lus qhia, cov neeg German tseem tuav nruj. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai tis ntawm pab tub rog tiv thaiv 11, siv kev ua tiav ntawm pab tub rog 5, nce mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Orsha. Ntawm qhov kev qhia ntawm Vasilevsky, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5 tau hloov pauv los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw khaws cia mus rau 3rd BF.
Txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 24, cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw tau pom qhov ntsuas ntawm kev tawm tsam Lavxias thiab kev hem thawj rau cov tub rog German hauv Minsk kev taw qhia. Kev tshem tawm cov tub rog los ntawm thaj av Vitebsk tau pib, tab sis nws twb lig dhau lawm. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, cov tub rog ntawm 43 thiab 39th Soviet cov tub rog tau thaiv cov yeeb ncuab pawg Vitebsk (5 kev sib faib). Vitebsk raug tshem tawm ntawm Nazis. Kev sim los ntawm pab tub rog German kom tawg tawm ntawm "cauldron" tau tawm tsam, thiab pab pawg tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm Lyudnikov cov tub rog sai. Kev dav dav pem hauv ntej tau nquag siv hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ib puag ncig.
Lub Rau Hli 27, 1944, Soviet pab tub rog tau tso Orsha. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 27-28, cov tub rog ntawm 1st PF thiab 3rd BF tau tsim kev tawm tsam. Pab pawg tub rog caij tsheb tau nce mus rau Lepel, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5 ntawm Marshal Rotmistrov tau nce mus rau Borisov. Cov tub rog ntawm 1st PF tso Lepel, ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tawm tsam sab hnub poob, ib feem ntawm cov rog - ntawm Polotsk. Kev tsim qauv txawb ntawm BF thib 3 ntawm lub hauv ntej tau mus txog Berezina thiab ntes hla. Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tau sim ua kom nrawm Berezina nrog cov tub rog tseem ceeb txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab kom tsis txhob muaj lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kab tseem ceeb no.
Kev tawm tsam tau tsim tawm hauv lwm cov lus qhia ib yam nkaus. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd BF thaum Lub Rau Hli 23 tsoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab qhov kev tiv thaiv hauv Mogilev cov lus qhia thiab peb hnub tom qab kev tsim ua ntej hla Dnieper. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 28, cov tub rog ntawm 49 thiab 50th pab tub rog ntawm Grishin thiab Boldin tau dim Mogilev.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, 1st BF tau tawm tsam. Ntawm sab xis ntawm sab xub ntiag, tau tsim ob pab pawg poob siab: thib 3 thiab 48th pab tub rog ntawm Generals Gorbatov thiab Romanenko, lub 9 Panzer Corps ntawm Bakharov, tau tawm tsam los ntawm Rogachev thiab Zhlobin cheeb tsam; los ntawm cheeb tsam sab qab teb ntawm Parichi - 65th thiab 28th pab tub rog ntawm Generals Batov thiab Luchinsky, cov kws kho tsheb cav pab pawg ntawm Pliev (4th Guards Cavalry thiab 1st Mechanized Corps), Panov's 1st Guards Tank Corps. Cov pab pawg tawm tsam sab qaum teb hauv thawj ob hnub tsis ua tiav qhov kev ua tiav loj, ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog tiv thaiv. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm mus rau sab qaum teb, cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tau raug nyiag thiab Bakharov lub tsheb tso tsheb thauj mus rau Bobruisk. Cov neeg German pib thim lawv cov tub rog rov qab, tab sis nws lig dhau lawm. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 26, Soviet tankmen tau ntes tus choj nkaus xwb nyob ze Bobruisk.
Cov tub rog ntawm 65th thiab 28th pab tub rog tau nce mus rau sab qab teb tam sim ntawd tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv German. 1st Guards Tank Corps tau qhia rau hauv qhov sib txawv, uas tam sim ntawd pib tsoo cov yeeb ncuab nraub qaum thiab ua kom tob zuj zus. Hnub thib ob, Rokossovsky qhia Pliev's KMG ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm 65th thiab 28th pab tub rog, uas tau pib tawm tsam rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Kev tawm tsam sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm pawg BF thib 1 tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ya dav hlau, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis sib xws, txoj kev loj thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau. Cov lus txib German, ntseeg txog kev sib tsoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab pom qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev ncig ntawm Bobruisk pab pawg, txiav txim siab thim cov tub rog, tab sis nws lig dhau lawm. Lub Rau Hli 27, 40. cov yeeb ncuab Bobruisk pawg tau nyob ib puag ncig. Hauv lub nroog nws tus kheej thiab mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, ob lub "cauldrons" tau tsim. Cov neeg German tau sim hla mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob, koom nrog cov tub rog ntawm 4th Army, tab sis tsis ua tiav. Aviation tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tub rog German uas nyob ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 16 tau Rudenko nqa 400 lub foob pob mus rau saum huab cua hauv qab npog 126 tus neeg tua rog. Yog li ntawd, Bobruisk "boiler" raug tshem tawm.
Yog li, thaum 6-hnub tawm tsam ntawm plaub sab, German tiv thaiv ntawm Byelorussian qhov tseem ceeb tau raug nyiag. Qhov tseem ceeb "fortresses" ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv Vitebsk thiab Bobruisk raug ntes. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau maj nrawm mus rau tom ntej, tsim kev hem thawj los puag ncig txhua pawg neeg Belarusian ntawm Wehrmacht. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no, German cov lus txib tau ua yuam kev loj: tsis txhob thim cov tub rog mus rau tom qab sai thiab tsim cov pab pawg muaj zog rau kev tawm tsam, Nazis tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Minsk. Qhov no tau pab txhawb kev tawm tsam ntxiv ntawm Soviet lub ntsej muag. Cov tub rog ntawm 1st PF tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm kev nce qib ntawm Polotsk thiab Glubokoe, thib peb, thib ob thiab thib 1 BFs - kom dim Minsk thiab ncig cov tub rog ntawm 4th pab tub rog German. Nws kuj tseem xav txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Slutsk, Baranovichi, Pinsk thiab lwm yam lus qhia.
Liberation ntawm Minsk
Kev tawm tsam txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj kev ncua. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 4, 1944, cov tub rog ntawm plaub poob siab thiab 6 tus tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog tau dim Polotsk. Hauv cheeb tsam Polotsk, 6 qhov kev sib cais hauv German tau swb. Peb cov tub rog tau tso tawm sab qaum teb ntawm Belarus. Baghramyan cov tub rog tau nce mus txog 180 km, kov yeej lub tank thib 3 thiab 16 pab tub rog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Cov tub rog liab tau mus txog ciam teb ntawm Latvia thiab Lithuania. 1st PF txiav tawm Pawg Tub Rog Sab Qaum Teb los ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw. Tam sim no Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "North" tsis tuaj yeem pab pawg Belarusian ntawm Wehrmacht.
3rd BF tsis tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab nyob ntawm qhov tig ntawm tus dej. Berezina. Cov tub rog Soviet tau hla txoj kab tseem ceeb no thiab ntes tau cov choj loj. Kev tawm ntawm cov tub rog German tau dhau los ua ntau dua thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, txoj hauv kev tau txhaws, thiab pib poob siab. Soviet aviation tas li ntaus, ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsoo cov lagging qab, cuam tshuam txoj kev khiav tawm. Qhov xwm txheej nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941 tau rov ua dua, tsuas yog tam sim no txhua yam yog lwm txoj hauv kev, cov neeg German rov qab los raug cov neeg Russians tsoo. Cov kab rov qab tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg, uas tseem rhuav tshem cov choj thiab txoj kev. KMG tau tsim kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Vileyki thiab Molodechno sai. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2, Pawg Tiv Thaiv Tus Kws Kho Mob thib 3 tau tso Vileika tawm ntawm qhov kev txav mus thiab pib sib ntaus sib tua rau Krasnoe, hnub tom ntej rau Molodechno. Cov tub rog Soviet cuam tshuam txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Minsk-Vilnius.
Hauv nruab nrab thiab ntawm sab laug ntawm lub thib 3 BF, peb cov tub rog tseem hla Berezina thiab pib tawm tsam Minsk. Borisov raug tso tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 1. Thaum kaj ntug thaum Lub Xya Hli 3, Burdeyny's 2nd Guards Tank Corps tau tawg mus rau Minsk los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Tsis ntev cov phom loj ntawm Glagolev's 31st Army tau koom nrog lub tankers. Chav nyob ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5 tau tawm tsam sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam txoj kev loj uas coj los ntawm Minsk mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob. Ntawm sab xis ntawm 1st BF, 1st Guards Tank Corps yeej cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog nyob hauv thaj tsam Pukhovichi thiab nkag mus rau Minsk los ntawm sab qab teb thaum yav tav su Lub Xya Hli 3. Me ntsis tom qab, cov tub rog Gorbatov thib 3 tuaj ntawm no. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub nroog txuas ntxiv mus txog rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 3. Lub peev ntawm BSSR tau raug tso dim los ntawm Nazi cov neeg ntxeem tau.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nrawm nrawm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog sab hnub tuaj ntawm Minsk, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm pawg tub rog German thib 4 thiab cov seem ntawm pab tub rog thib 9 tau nyob ib puag ncig. "Boiler" tau dhau los ua 100 txhiab. pab pawg Cov neeg German tau sim ua kom tawg tawm ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 8, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg German nyob ib puag ncig tau swb, thaum Lub Xya Hli 9 - 11, kev rhuav tshem nws cov seem tau ua tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm Minsk "cauldron" 57 txhiab tus neeg German tau raug kaw, ntawm cov neeg raug kaw yog 3 tus thawj coj tub rog thiab 9 tus thawj coj ua haujlwm. Yog li, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau kov yeej lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 400 kilometers tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm pem hauv ntej.
Sab hnub poob
Cov tub rog Soviet txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev tawm tsam mus rau sab hnub poob. Lub hauv paus loj tau txhawb nqa 1st PF, 5th Guard Guard Tank Army thiab 3rd Guards Mechanized Corps tau pauv los ntawm 3rd BF rau nws. Tus Saib Xyuas thib 2 thiab 51 pab tub rog tau pauv los ntawm Stavka cia rau pem hauv ntej. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 27, Peb Tus Saib Xyuas Thib 3 Mechanized Corps ntawm Obukhov thiab 51st Army ntawm Kreizer tau tsoo Shauliai. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, Pawg Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg ntawm 2nd Baltic Front tau tso Daugavpils. Tom qab ntawd 1st PF tau pib ua phem rau hauv Riga kev coj. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 28, Soviet tankmen tsoo rau Jelgava. Kev tawm tsam txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum lub Yim Hli pib. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 30, cov chav ua ntej ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab tau ntes Tukums ntawm qhov txav mus. Peb cov tub rog tau mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Riga, txiav tawm thaj av kev sib txuas lus txuas nrog Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Qhov tseeb, cov neeg German sai tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam hnyav nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thaiv lawv pab pawg hauv Xeev Baltic. Kev tawm tsam tau xa los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 3 los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog 16 los ntawm thaj chaw Riga. Cov lus txib German thaum Lub Yim Hli 16 tau hais tawm lub zog loj rau Siauliai thiab Jelgava. Cov neeg German muaj peev xwm tso txoj kev loj ntawm Tukums mus rau Riga. Nov yog peb thawj zaug thiab tsuas yog ua tsis tiav thaum sib ntaus hauv Baltics. Tab sis feem ntau, txog rau thaum lub Yim Hli kawg, kev tawm tsam German tau tawm tsam.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 13, cov tub rog ntawm 3rd BF tau dim Vilnius, lub peev ntawm Lithuanian SSR. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog Soviet pib hla Neman. Cov lus hais hauv German, nrhiav tuav txoj kab dej loj kawg ntawm txoj kev mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia, tau hloov cov tub rog ntawm no los ntawm lwm cov haujlwm hauv ntej. Kaunas tau raug tso dim thaum lub Yim Hli 1. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd BF tau dim Novogrudok, Volkovysk thiab Bialystok, mus txog qhov ze rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia. 1st BF tau dim Pinsk thaum Lub Xya Hli 14 thiab tawm tsam Kobrin.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 18, 1944, cov tub rog ntawm 1st BF tau pib ua haujlwm Lublin-Brest. Peb cov tub rog tau tawg dhau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv German sab hnub poob ntawm Kovel, hla hla Kab Yav Qab Teb thiab nkag mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Poland. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 23, Bogdanov's 2nd Tank Army tau tso lub Lublin, thaum Lub Xya Hli 24, Cov tub rog Soviet tau mus txog Vistula hauv thaj tsam Demblin. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog tank tau pib ua ntej raws Vistula mus rau Prague - sab hnub tuaj ntawm Warsaw. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 28, txoj cai tis ntawm lub hauv ntej tau tso Brest, thaiv thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov chav ntawm 8 Tus Saib Xyuas thiab 69th cov tub rog tau nce mus tom qab Lub Nkoj Tub Rog Thib Ob tau mus txog Vistula, txeeb tau cov choj ntawm ntug dej sab hnub poob hauv cheeb tsam Magnushev thiab Pulawy. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau tus choj hla tau ua tus yam ntxwv tawv ncauj heev thiab txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws lub Yim Hli.
Lub caij no, cov tub rog ntawm Thib Peb Baltic Front tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam, uas tau tawm tsam hauv Estonia thiab Latvia. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, peb cov tub rog tau dim Tartu. Leningrad Pem Hauv Ntej tau dim Narva thaum Lub Xya Hli 26. 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau pib ua phem rau lub Xya Hli 13th. Yog li, kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus siab tau ua los ntawm Baltic mus rau Carpathians.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Kev Ua Haujlwm Bagration yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, nws tau txiav txim siab qhov kev kawm txuas ntxiv thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis yog nyob ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej, tab sis kuj nyob rau lwm qhov thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb.
Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua rau yeej hnyav rau Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw. Cov tub rog German raug ntes hauv "lub rhaub dej kub" thiab raug rhuav tshem hauv thaj tsam Vitebsk, Bobruisk, Minsk thiab Brest. Peb cov tub rog tau ua pauj rau qhov kev puas tsuaj xyoo 1941 hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov tub rog Soviet tau dim tag nrho Byelorussian SSR, feem ntau ntawm Lithuania, pib kev tso tawm ntawm Latvia thiab Estonia. Hauv Baltics, Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb tau cais tawm ntawm thaj av. Cov tub rog Soviet yuav luag tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm USSR, pib tso tebchaws Poland thiab mus txog ciam teb ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes - mus rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia. Txoj phiaj xwm German rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev nyob deb tau tawg.
