Sven Felix Kellerhoff, tus kws sau xov xwm thiab sau keeb kwm rau xov xwm loj hauv German Die Welt, tau tshaj tawm tsab xov xwm hu ua "Yeej" rau pab tub rog liab, uas yog qhov tseeb yeej swb lawm. " Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, tus sau tau sau tseg tias tsis muaj yeej rau Red Army hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Prokhorovka. Hauv qhov no, hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob ntawd "yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem tam sim ntawd."
Cov ntaub ntawv provocation
Raws li tus kws sau xov xwm German, tsis muaj yeej ntawm pab tub rog Soviet hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorov, tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev, yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Allegedly, 186 German tso tsheb hlau luam tawm tsam 672 Soviet, thiab thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 12, 1943, Red Army poob txog 235 lub tsheb, thiab Wehrmacht tsuas yog 5 (!) Yog tias koj xav txog daim duab zoo heev, nws hloov tawm tias cov neeg German tsuas yog tua cov neeg Lavxias raws li lub hom phiaj, thiab lawv yeej tsis teb, lossis txhua lub sijhawm lawv yeej lawv. Qhov tseeb, Kellerhoff sib piv cov kev ua ntawm Soviet 29th Panzer Corps rau "kamikaze nres." Cov tso tsheb hlau luam Lavxias "muaj neeg coob coob nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus choj nqaim" thiab raug tua los ntawm cov tub rog rog ntawm 2nd SS Panzer Corps.
Tus neeg sau xov xwm German "lees paub" nws txoj kev xav nrog cov duab saum huab cua ua los ntawm Luftwaffe dav hlau. Tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv Ben Wheatley tau tshawb pom cov duab no los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Hauv Tebchaws Meskas cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Thiab, raws li Kellerhoff, lawv qhia "kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm Red Army ntawm Prokhorovka." Txawm hais tias txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav no yooj yim los piav. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem rov qab los. Cov neeg German tau tshem lawv lub tank tso pov tseg los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem coj nws mus deb, txij li Cov Tub Rog Liab tau coj los sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk. Tom qab ntawd, cov tso tsheb hlau luam no, tsoo tawm ntawm Prokhorovka, thiab hauv Kev Tsov Rog Kursk feem ntau, poob rau peb, qee leej ntawm lawv raug ntes ntawm kho lub hauv paus.
Yog li, raws li qhov no, Cov kws sau keeb kwm Western xaus tias Red Army tsis swb leej twg, tias tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj. Yog li ntawd, lub cim rau kev yeej ntawm Red Army tau tsim tsa hauv kev hwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem.
Prokhorov sib ntaus sib tua
Kev sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorov yog ib feem ntawm Tsov Rog Kursk, uas tau pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 5 thiab kav ntev txog lub Yim Hli 23, 1943 (50 hnub). Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Kursk qhov tseem ceeb, hauv kab txaij ntawm Voronezh pem hauv ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Vatutin. Nov yog Wehrmacht thaum Lub Xya Hli 5, 1943 tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv ob qho kev qhia - ntawm Oboyan thiab Korocha. Cov lus txib German, txhim kho thawj qhov kev ua tiav, nce nws txoj kev ua haujlwm raws txoj kab Belgorod-Oboyan. Txog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 9, 2nd SS Panzer Corps tau tawg mus rau thaj tsam tiv thaiv thib peb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 6 thiab sib cog rau nws txog 9 km sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Prokhorovka. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tank German tsis tuaj yeem tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, 1943, Hitler tau xaj cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb kom coj los txog qhov kev txiav txim siab tig mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev ntseeg ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm Oboyan kev coj ua, Tus Thawj Coj Manstein txiav txim siab hloov qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb thiab pib ua phem rau Cruz hauv txoj kev ncig, hla Prokhorovka, qhov kev ua tiav tau hais tseg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pab pawg tawm tsam tau tawm tsam ntawm Prokhorovka los ntawm sab qab teb. Cov neeg tseem ceeb sib faib "Reich", "Tuag Lub Taub Hau" thiab "Adolf Hitler" los ntawm 2nd SS Panzer Corps thiab ib feem ntawm 3rd Panzer Corps tau tawm tsam Prokhorovka.
Thaum pom qhov kev txav ntawm Nazis, qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej tau hloov chaw ntawm 69th Army mus rau qhov kev qhia no, thiab tom qab ntawd 35th Guards Rifle Corps. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Soviet Lub Hauv Paus Loj tau txiav txim siab ntxiv dag zog rau Vatutin cov tub rog ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 9, tus thawj coj ntawm Steppe Front, Konev, tau xaj kom txav Tus Saib Xyuas Thib 4, Hnub Tim 27 thiab 53th mus rau Kursk-Belgorod cov lus qhia. Tus Saib Xyuas Thib 5 thiab Tus Saib Xyuas Thib 5 Lub Nkoj Tank tseem tau pauv mus rau kev saib xyuas ntawm Vatutin. Cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej yuav tsum nres qhov kev tawm tsam, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam zoo rau cov yeeb ncuab hauv Oboyan kev taw qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Xya Hli 11, nws tsis muaj peev xwm xa tawm ua ntej kev tawm tsam. Hnub no, Cov tub rog German tau mus txog kab uas yuav tsum tau siv lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev taw qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm plaub rab phom thiab ob lub tank tub rog ntawm Rotmistrov's 5th Guards Tank Army ua rau nws tuaj yeem nres German 2 km ntawm Prokhorovka. Ntawd yog, kev sib ntaus sib tua uas yuav los txog ntawm cov chav nyob ze Prokhorovka tau pib lawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 11, 1943.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, kev sib ntaus sib tua pib, ob tog tau tawm tsam hauv Prokhorovka cov lus qhia ntawm ob sab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Belgorod-Prokhorovka. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau nthuav tawm. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Prokhorovka. Sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Prokhorovka, ib feem ntawm Soviet 6th Guards thiab 1st Tank Armies tau tawm tsam Yakovlevo. Los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, los ntawm thaj tsam Prokhorovka, cov tub rog ntawm 5 Guards Tank Army nrog ob lub tank txuas nrog thiab 33rd Guards Rifle Corps ntawm 5th Guard Army tau tawm tsam tib yam. Ntawm txoj kev Belgorod, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 7 tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Xya Hli 12, tom qab siv rab phom me, 18 thiab 29 th lub nkoj ntawm Rotmistrov cov tub rog nrog lub tank thib ob thiab thib 2 tus tiv thaiv lub tank txuas nrog nws pib ua phem rau Yakovlevo. Txawm ua ntej ntawm tus dej. German Panzer Division "Tuag Lub Taub Hau" tau pib ua phem rau hauv Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5 qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Panzer kev sib cais "Reich" thiab "Adolf Hitler", ncaj qha tawm tsam pab tub rog ntawm Rotmistrov, tseem nyob ntawm cov kab uas nyob thiab npaj rau kev tiv thaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub taub hau-sib tsoo ntawm ob lub tank tawm tsam pab pawg tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov ncaj ncaj pem hauv ntej sib txawv. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev tau siv tas hnub. Qhov poob ntawm Soviet cov tub rog lub cev yog 73% thiab 46%.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsis muaj ib tog twg tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm uas tau hais tseg. Cov Nazis tsis hla mus rau Kursk, thiab cov tub rog Soviet tsis mus txog Yakovlev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam ntawm pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Kursk tau nres. German 3 Panzer Corps, nce mus rau Prokhorovka los ntawm sab qab teb, tuaj yeem nias lub zog ntawm 69th Army nyob rau hnub ntawd, nce mus txog 10-15 km. Ob tog raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Cov lus txib German tsis tau tso tseg tam sim lub tswv yim ntawm kev kov yeej Kursk, hla Oboyan los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Thiab cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Front tau sim ua tiav txoj haujlwm uas tau muab rau lawv. Yog li ntawd, kev sib ntaus Prokhorovka txuas ntxiv mus txog rau Lub Xya Hli 16. Kev ua tiav ntawm ob tog yog tus kheej, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tawm tsam ntawm tib kab uas cov tub rog nyob. Ob pab tub rog sib pauv kev tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam, tawm tsam nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 16, cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Front tau raug xaj kom hla mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 17, German hais kom pib tshem cov tub rog mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm qub. Cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 23 tau tuav haujlwm uas lawv tau ua haujlwm ua ntej pib tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab. Lub Yim Hli 3, Red Army pib tawm tsam Belgorod thiab Kharkov.
Ntawm qhov ua rau poob siab
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog kev ua yuam kev ntawm Soviet cov lus txib. Cov pab pawg muaj zog ntawm Red Army tau tawm tsam pab pawg tawm tsam muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub taub hau, tsis yog ntawm sab xub ntiag. Cov tub rog Soviet tsis tau siv qhov xwm txheej zoo nyob rau pem hauv ntej, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm German tus nplaim taws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev swb tag nrho, tej zaum mus rau ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg, uas yog nce mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Yakovlev. Ib qho ntxiv, Soviet cov thawj coj, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab pab tub rog tag nrho tseem tsis tau zoo dua rau cov yeeb ncuab hauv kev txawj thiab kev tawm tsam. Lub Wehrmacht twb tau poob txoj hauv kev, tab sis tawm tsam nrog kev txawj ntse. Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm Soviet pab tub rog hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog, phom loj thiab tso tsheb hlau luam, cov tub rog hauv av nrog kev ya dav hlau, ntau chav nyob thiab tsim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Wehrmacht muaj qhov ua tau zoo raws li lub zog tiv thaiv. Lub tank loj thiab hnyav T-4, T-5 ("Panther") thiab T-6 ("Tiger"), phom phom "Ferdinand"-muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv riam phom thiab muaj rab phom loj. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled howitzers "Hummel" thiab "Vespe", uas yog ib feem ntawm cov phom loj ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub tank, tuaj yeem ua tiav siv hluav taws ncaj qha ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv tau nruab nrog Zeiss zoo heev.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorov, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5 ntawm Rothsmistrov suav nrog 501 T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam nrog rab phom 76-mm, 264 T-70 lub tso tsheb hlau luam nrog 45-mm rab phom thiab 35 Churchill III hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam nrog 57-mm phom loj (lawv xa los ntawm Britain). Lub tank Askiv tau nrawm heev thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Txhua tus tub rog muaj cov tub rog ntawm SU-76 tus kheej-propelled phom loj, tab sis tsis yog ib qho SU-152 muaj zog. Lub tank nruab nrab hauv tebchaws Soviet tuaj yeem nkag tau rau hauv 61 mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 m thiab 69 mm - ntawm 500 m. T -34 armor: pem hauv ntej - 45 mm, sab - 45 mm, ntauwd - 52 mm. Lub tank German nruab nrab T -4 (hloov kho tshiab) muaj cov cuab yeej tuab: pem hauv ntej - 80 hli, sab - 30 hli, ntauwd - 50 hli. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv riam phom ntawm nws rab phom 75-mm ntawm qhov deb txog li 1500 m tho cov cuab yeej ntau dua 63 hli. Lub tank hnyav German T -6 "Tsov" nrog rab phom 88 -mm muaj cov cuab yeej ua rog: pem hauv ntej - 100 mm, sab - 80 mm, turret - 100 mm. Nws cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob hla 115 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Nws tau hlais cov cuab yeej ntawm peb caug-plaub ntawm qhov deb mus txog 2000 m.
Qhov thib ob SS Panzer Corps muaj 400 lub tsheb niaj hnub no: kwv yees li 50 lub hnyav T-6 tso tsheb hlau luam (88 mm rab phom), ntau ntau T-5 Panther ceev ceev tso tsheb hlau luam, hloov kho tshiab T-3 thiab T-4 tso tsheb hlau luam (75 mm phom loj) thiab Ferdinand phom hnyav hnyav (rab phom loj 88 mm). Txhawm rau tsoo tus yeeb ncuab lub tank hnyav, T-34 yuav tsum tau txav los ze nws los ntawm 500 m. Lwm lub tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum tau los ze dua. Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg German tau muaj sijhawm los npaj rau kev tiv thaiv, qee qhov ntawm lawv cov tso tsheb hlau luam raug rho tawm haujlwm. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam Soviet, ua rau lub tsheb German hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab rab phom loj, tuaj yeem ua tiav yeej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov phom loj kuj tseem siv los tawm tsam Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam. Yog li ntawd, kev poob siab ntau. Hauv Prokhorov kev sib ntaus sib tua, peb cov tub rog, raws li Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv (Keeb Kwm Tub Rog) ntawm Tub Rog Kawm Haujlwm ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj ntawm RF Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog, poob 60% ntawm lub tsheb (500 tawm ntawm 800), Cov Neeg German - 75% (300 tawm ntawm 400). Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov neeg German saib tsis taus lawv qhov poob, tshaj tawm 80-100 lub tso tsheb hlau luam poob.
Valery Zamulin, kws sau keeb kwm niaj hnub Lavxias thiab tus kws tshaj lij hauv Tsov Rog Kursk, tshaj tawm tias thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, Rotmistrov cov tub rog poob ntau dua ib nrab ntawm nws cov cuab yeej - 340 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 19 rab phom tua tus kheej tau hlawv lossis raug puas tsuaj (qee qhov tuaj yeem rov qab tau). Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li 12 txog 16 Lub Xya Hli 1943, kev poob ntawm 5 Panzer Army muaj txog: 2,440 tus neeg raug tua, 3,510 raug mob, 1157 ploj lawm, 225 T-34 nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 180 T-70 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam, 25 rab phom tua tus kheej tawm ntawm kev ua. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb txog German poob, thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov poob ntawm 2nd SS Panzer Corps thaum Lub Xya Hli 12 ib yam. Nws yog qhov tseeb uas cov dab neeg hais txog kev poob ntawm 5 lub tso tsheb hlau luam yog tsis muaj qab hau.
Leej twg yeej
Ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorovka tau siv sijhawm ntau dua ib hnub, thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, raws li lawv hais hauv Sab Hnub Poob. Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 11, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav txuas ntxiv mus txog rau Lub Xya Hli 16.
Qhov thib ob, peb cov tub rog tawm tsam lub zog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg nyob ze Prokhorovka. Cov Nazis ua tsis tau raws Prokhorovka, kov yeej peb cov tub rog tiv thaiv thiab hla dhau mus ntxiv. Tsis tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm thiab pom qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tawm tsam ntxiv, lawv raug yuam kom thim rov qab. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 17, kev thim tawm ntawm pab tub rog pib. Peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav pom cov yeeb ncuab thim rov qab thiab cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Ntawd yog, yeej yog peb li. Cov neeg German tau tawm hauv tshav rog thiab thim rov qab. Tsis ntev peb cov tub rog tau pib ua phem rau ntau thiab tso tawm Belgorod.
Yog li, kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej, suav nrog pab tub rog ntawm Rotmistrov, tsis tau coj mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm. Cov neeg German tseem tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej, suav nrog cov nyob hauv cheeb tsam Prokhorovka, ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - lawv tuav tawm, tsis tso cai rau tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab nkag mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 13, Hitler xaus qhov kev ua phem Citadel. Kev sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorovka yog ib qho ntawm kev sib ntaus ntawm Kursk kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo, thaum lub sijhawm dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tsov rog xaus. Cov Tub Rog Liab thaum kawg tau tuav lub tswv yim pib ua rog loj. Prokhorovka yog ib lub cim ntawm qhov kev yeej loj no.
Rov sau keeb kwm
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom nyob rau sab hnub poob (zoo li "kev swb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ntawm Prokhorovka," "ntau lab tus poj niam German raug txhom los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tsis raug cai," thiab lwm yam tsis muaj tseeb thiab lus dag) yog rov sau dua keeb kwm ntiaj teb no thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, lawv rhuav tshem cov tsev teev ntuj rau cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov thawj coj nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj, Baltic States, hauv Me Me Russia-Ukraine. Monuments rau SS legionaries tau teeb tsa hauv Baltic xeev, hauv Me Russia - rau Bandera thiab lwm cov dab, hauv Moldova - rau Romanian cov tub rog uas tawm tsam nrog Pab Pawg Liab, thiab lwm yam.
Lub ntiaj teb kev txiav txim tsim los tom qab kev ntes Berlin tau tawg - Yalta -Potsdam system. Tom qab ntawd peb yeej thiab tsim kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv ntiaj chaw. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm USSR xyoo 1991, cov tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau muab lub sijhawm los tsim lawv tus kheej lub ntiaj teb. Thiab rau qhov no nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov sau keeb kwm. Nov yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tawm tsam Russia. Muaj kev tu kom huv, qhov tsis zoo ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav tshem peb lub cim xeeb keeb kwm, ua rau peb "Ivan uas tsis nco qab txog kev sib raug zoo" (uas twb tau ua tiav nrog Lavxias-Ukrainians), cov neeg hauv chav kawm thib ob, qhev ntawm kev txiav txim tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Daws qhov "lus nug Lavxias". Nov yog tib qhov kev txiav txim uas Hitler tau ua: lub ntiaj teb qhev nrog "xaiv" tus tswv "thiab" riam phom ob txhais ceg. " Tsuas yog zais nrog "kev ywj pheej", cov lus ywj pheej thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus.
Yog li ntawd, peb tau raug hais tias tsis muaj yeej yeej ntawm Red Army, tias cov neeg German tau "dhau mus nrog cov neeg tuag", tias tsis muaj kev dim ntawm Europe, tab sis muaj "Soviet (Lavxias) txoj haujlwm", uas peb tau muaj txiav txim los ntawm "cov neeg lim hiam" Stalin, uas tau tua kaum-pua plhom tus tib neeg, thiab lwm yam. Thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas ntseeg nws, Sab Hnub Poob yuav yeej.
