Hauv nws tsab xov xwm, tus sau ntawv xov xwm Die Welt, Sven Kellerhoff, sau hais tias "qhov tseeb, SS cov txiv neej tau tawm tsam tsis zoo." Tom qab xyoo 1945, cov lus dab neeg ntawm SS pab tub rog tau tsim, uas hauv cov lus tau yeej ntau dua li kev ua.
SS (German SS, abbr. Los ntawm German Schutzstaffel - "tus saib xyuas kev sib cais") tau tsim xyoo 1923-1925. raws li Hitler tus tiv thaiv tus kheej. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1929, Heinrich Himmler dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm SS (Reichsfuehrer). Xyoo 1934, SS tau tsim tus neeg saib xyuas tus kheej (tus saib xyuas) ntawm Fuhrer - "Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler". Tom qab "hmo ntuj ntawm rab riam ntev" thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, 1934, thaum kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pawg neeg ua phem (SA) swb lawm, cov neeg saib xyuas pawg tau dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm National Socialist Party. Reichsfuehrer Himmler pom cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Peb Reich hauv SS. Yog tias cov neeg ib txwm tau cuv npe hauv qhov kev tawm tsam, tom qab ntawd cov neeg txawj ntse thiab cov thawj coj nyiam SS. Kev xaiv tau nruj heev. Tus ntsuj plig ntawm qhov kev txiav txim zoo, mob siab rau paganism thiab mysticism tau cog rau hauv cov neeg saib xyuas kev sib cais. SS tau qhuab qhia, txhim kho tau zoo thiab tau kawm tiav.
Cov tub rog ntawm kev tiv thaiv (txhawb nqa) cov tub rog lossis SS Cov Tub Rog (German tuag Waffen-SS-Waffen-SS) pib lawv keeb kwm xyoo 1933, thaum cov chav uas ntseeg tau tshaj plaws tau siv rau lub hom phiaj kev nyab xeeb. "Ntau pua lub tsev pheeb suab" (tom qab ntawd "chav haujlwm nom tswv") tau siv los tiv thaiv cov thawj coj ntawm SS thiab National Socialist German Workers 'Party (NSDAP). Tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog pab pawg ua phem, lawv tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab tau siv los ua tub ceev xwm pabcuam los saib xyuas txoj kev hauv nroog. Xyoo 1937, qee lub chaw no tau rov kho dua tshiab raws li SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) chav nyob thiab tau ua lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas cov chaw nyob hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, Austria thiab Poland. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, los ntawm Totenkopf units, Pawg SS 3 Panzer Division "Dead Head" tau tsim, uas pib nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob xyoo 1940 (ntes Belgium, Holland thiab Fabkis), tom qab ntawd tawm tsam Lavxias (Sab Hnub Tuaj) Pem Hauv Ntej … Txhawm rau tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov tub rog hais kom ua, kom txog rau xyoo 1942 SS cov tub rog thiab "Tuag Lub Taub Hau" faib ua tswv cuab rau tub ceev xwm. Xyoo 1945, SS cov tub rog suav nrog 38 kev sib faib, kwv yees li 1.4 lab tus tib neeg.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txawm hais tias tsis txaus siab ntawm cov tub rog dav dav, pab tub rog thib ob tau pib tsim nyob rau hauv Peb Reich, uas yog tus kheej nyob hauv qab Fuhrer. Feem ntau, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim SS pab tub rog tau pom tseeb. Ua ntej, Hitler thiab nws cov neeg tsis ntseeg cov tub rog dav dav, uas txog thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntshai rov ua qhov xwm txheej ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb - kev ua tsov rog ntawm ob sab. Nws tsis yog tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas kev koom tes ua tub rog tau ua rau hauv cov quav ntawm pab tub rog, txhawm rau tshem tawm Hitler. Cov tub rog ntshai tias Fuhrer yuav coj lub tebchaws mus rau lwm qhov kev puas tsuaj loj. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim pab tub rog thib ob tau muab "lub teeb ntsuab". Nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj ntawm Reich los ntawm kev ua tub rog tawm tsam thiab kev koom tes. Qhov thib ob, Hitler thiab Himmler, nrog kev pab los ntawm SS, tsim cov neeg tseem ceeb yav tom ntej ntawm "Nyob Mus Ib Txhis Reich" - lub ntiaj teb faj tim teb chaws. "Kev sib tw ntawm masters." Nws lub tswv yim yog kev ntseeg ntawm "lub hnub dub" - kev sib xyaw ntawm neo -paganism thiab kev ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, SS cov tub rog tau xaiv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Aryan thiab Nordic cov neeg ntawm Europe - tsim lub hauv paus rau ib pab tub rog ntawm European kev vam meej, "Hitler's European Union".
Cov tub rog ntawm Das Reich SS faib. Peb Hlis - Plaub Hlis 1942
German keeb kwm tub rog keeb kwm Klaus-Jürgen Bremm, tus qub tub rog tub ceev xwm, tus tub ceev xwm Bundeswehr, tau kawm txog kev ua tub rog ntawm SS pab tub rog hauv phau ntawv "Hitler's Overrated Praetorians". Nws ntseeg tias SS cov qub tub rog thiab lawv cov neeg txhawb nqa tsim lub tswv yim ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Peb Reich tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob xaus. SS tau raug liam tias tsis koom nrog hauv kev ua phem ntawm Nazis thiab yog cov tub rog zoo ib yam ntawm lub tebchaws, tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv tau piav qhia tias yog tus phab ej ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb uas tau sim nres "Bolshevik kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob" thiab txawm tias ncua sijhawm "kev ua haujlwm Lavxias" ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Nruab Nrab Europe.
Bremm sau tseg tias "tus phab ej" ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II yog lub luag haujlwm rau tus tswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. SS Cavalry Brigade ib leeg tau tua 11,000 tus neeg pej xeem - txiv neej, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus - thaum Lub Xya Hli thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 1941. Cov tub rog SS tau pab ua rau SS chav nyob rau hauv "kev ntxuav" ntawm qhov chaw nyob nyob Sab Hnub Tuaj (Hauv tebchaws Soviet).
Tus kws sau keeb kwm German tseem sau tseg tias los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1942, "SS qub tub rog yog ib feem ntawm keeb kwm." Qhov tseeb, SS kev sib cais raug ntaus ntau tshaj ib zaug, ua kom cov ntshav tag thiab hloov pauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tshwj xeeb, lub tank sib cais "Adolf Hitler", "Reich", "Death's Head" thiab "Hitler Youth" tau swb ntau zaus thiab rov tsim dua.
Ib tus tuaj yeem pom zoo nrog Bremm tias SS pab tub rog tau ua txhaum kev ua tsov ua rog. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg txog qhov ntawd. Cov tub rog tseem koom nrog lawv. Berlin tau txhob txwm ua raws txoj cai ntawm kev tua neeg, ua kom puas tsuaj ntawm "cov pej xeem tsis zoo" - Cov neeg Lavxias, Slavs, Gypsies, Cov neeg Yudais, thiab lwm yam. cov Germans.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg txog qhov kev tawm tsam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm SS pab tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsheb sib tsoo thiab cov tub rog, SS cov tub rog. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias Hitler cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau cog cov lus dab neeg ntawm lawv txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev xaiv. Cov tub rog SS raug pov rau hauv cov phom sij txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv ntej, siv hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus. Cov SS sib ntaus lawv tus kheej, txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog German, tau maj mus rau tom ntej, feem ntau ua rau muaj kev poob siab tsis tsim nyog, sim ua tus nqi los ua qhov kev txiav txim thiab ua pov thawj lawv "xaiv". Lub tshuab muaj zog ntawm kev sib cais SS ntau dua ib zaug tau txiav txim siab qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua haujlwm tag nrho, thiab cawm cov tub rog German los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. SS kev sib cais thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pom lawv tus kheej zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Kharkov (Lub Ob Hlis - Peb Hlis 1943), Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kursk, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus dej Mius, thaum Korsun -Shevchenko ua haujlwm, tso tawm ntawm German tank pab tub rog nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1944, hauv kev sib zog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam Lake Balaton hauv Hungary, qhov chaw uas cov neeg Germans tau tso lub tank tawm tsam muaj zog thaum lub Peb Hlis 1945. Cov haujlwm no tau piav qhia ntxaws hauv BV Sokolov phau ntawv "The Red Army against the Waffen SS".
Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, muaj 28 SS kev sib cais ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej, tab sis 12 ntawm lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Qhov kev faib ua SS nto moo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj yog lub tsheb sib cais "Adolf Hitler", "Reich (Reich)", "Tuag Lub Taub Hau", "Viking", "Hitler Youth" thiab kev sib faib tsheb - Tub Ceev Xwm, "Nordland", "Reichsfuehrer SS", "Horst Wessel", thiab lwm yam. Pab tub rog liab tau paub txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tub rog SS, tab sis lawv kuj hwm lawv rau lawv lub zog sib ntaus thiab tawm tsam lub zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm SS pab tub rog nyob rau txhua qhov haujlwm ntawm lub hauv ntej txhais tau tias German cov lus txib tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam lossis tawm tsam thaum lub sijhawm Soviet tawm tsam kev ua haujlwm, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv txhawm rau tuav lub tebchaws no tshwj xeeb. Hais txog kev siv zog thiab sijhawm kawm, cov kev faib SS no tau zoo dua rau lwm qhov ntawm Wehrmacht, tshwj tsis yog rau cov neeg tseem ceeb faib "Great Germany". Tsis tas li, SS kev sib faib feem ntau muaj neeg thiab riam phom ntau dua, uas yog, lawv tau ua tub rog muaj zog ntau dua li kev faib Wehrmacht. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev sib cais ntawm SS pab tub rog muaj txoj cai loj hauv pab tub rog liab.
Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias SS kev sib faib ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg German thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Germanic (Swedes, Danes, Dutch, thiab lwm yam) tau txawv los ntawm lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo. Txij li xyoo 1943, vim tsis muaj peev txheej tib neeg, cov thawj coj German pib nquag tsim SS chav los ntawm cov neeg "tsis yog neeg German", uas, tom qab swb hauv Stalingrad sib ntaus, yuav luag txhua tus tau lees paub tias yog Aryan. Cov kev sib cais no, raws li lub tebchaws Yelemes tau tsiv mus rau kev ua tub rog-kev nom kev tswv poob, sai poob lawv cov kev tawm tsam. Raws li lawv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo, tsuas yog Baltic SS kev sib cais tuaj txog ntawm German SS kev sib cais (ob lub Latvian - lub 15th thiab 19th thiab ib lub Estonian - lub 20th), nrog rau Wallonia lub tshuab ua haujlwm pab pawg, uas tom qab ntawd tau xa mus rau 28th Pab Dawb Pabcuam Grenadier faib ntawm SS pab tub rog. Cov tub rog no tau mob siab rau thiab tawm tsam hnyav. Latvians thiab Estonians ntseeg hauv kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm lawv lub xeev thiab ntxub "Bolsheviks". Ntxiv mus, lawv tawm tsam zoo tsuas yog ntawm lawv tus kheej thaj chaw lossis nyob ib puag ncig ntawm USSR. Walloons muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov qib ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Nazi thiab cov koom haum txhawb kev nyiam. Lwm yam uas tsis yog-German pab dawb ntawm SS pab tub rog, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb hauv xyoo 1944-1945, thaum kev swb ntawm Peb Reich twb tau pom meej lawm, tsis txawv ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo thiab, raws li, kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qhov kev hwm no tsuas yog rau German kev sib cais ntawm SS pab tub rog, tab sis kuj rau Wehrmacht kev faib ua feem … Ib qho ntxiv, vim tsis muaj sijhawm thiab teeb meem khoom siv, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los qhia thiab ua kom lawv zoo. Cov tub rog SS no tsuas yog siv ib feem hauv kev sib ntaus, thiab ntau pawg tau nyuam qhuav pib lossis npaj rau tsim.
Cov neeg siv phom rab phom ntawm SS cov tub rog so hauv lub tshav pob ze ntawm lub tank hnyav Pz. Kpfw. VI Ua. E "Tsov" thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk. Lub tank tau koom nrog Pawg Panzer 2nd "Das Reich", yog ib feem ntawm 102nd Heavy Tank Battalion. Xyoo 1943. Qhov chaw yees duab:
