Secrets ntawm ancient Russia. Hauv nruab nrab sab hnub tuaj cov peev txheej, ib ntawm peb lub chaw ntawm Rus tau hais ntau zaus, nrog rau Kuyaba (Kiev) thiab Slavia (Novgorod), lub xeev ntawm Rus-Arsa-Arta-Artania. Kev sim txiav txim siab nws qhov chaw tau ua ntau zaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau dav, suav nrog tag nrho ntawm Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab txawm tias deb npaum li Denmark. Feem ntau, Arsu-Artania nyob hauv thaj av ntawm North-Eastern Russia.
Arsa-Artania hauv Arabic qhov chaw
Arab geographer Abu Iskhak al-Istakhri (X xyoo pua) tau sau tseg (A. P. Novoseltsev. Sab hnub tuaj qhov chaw hais txog Eastern Slavs thiab Russia VI-IX ib-paus xyoo.
“… Muaj peb pawg ntawm Rus. Cov pab pawg ze rau Bulgar, thiab lawv tus huab tais hauv nroog hu ua Kuyaba (nws ntseeg tias qhov no yog Kiev - Tus Sau), thiab nws loj dua Bulgaria. Thiab pab pawg yog qhov kawg ntawm lawv, hu ua -Slaviya (thaj av ntawm Slovenes - Auth.), Thiab lawv tus huab tais hauv nroog Salau (Slav, tejzaum nws yog Novgorod ua ntej, Staraya Ladoga - Tus Sau), thiab lawv pab pawg, hu ua al-Arsaniya, thiab tus huab tais lawv zaum hauv Ars, lawv lub nroog. Thiab tib neeg mus txog nrog lub hom phiaj kev lag luam Cuyaba thiab nws ib puag ncig. Raws li rau Arsa, Kuv tsis tau hnov leej twg hais txog kev ua tiav ntawm nws los ntawm cov neeg txawv tebchaws, rau cov uas nyob ntawd tua txhua tus neeg txawv tebchaws uas tuaj rau lawv. Lawv lawv tus kheej nqes dej rau kev lag luam thiab tsis tshaj tawm dab tsi txog lawv cov haujlwm thiab khoom, thiab tsis pub leej twg ua raws lawv thiab nkag mus rau lawv lub tebchaws. … Lawv tshem tawm cov dub dub, hma dub thiab tin (lead?) Thiab tus lej ntawm qhev los ntawm Arsa."
Tus kws sau keeb kwm Baghdad thiab tus neeg taug kev Ibn Haukal (xyoo pua 10) tau rov hais dua qhov uas tau hais los saum no: "Raws li Arsa, Kuv tsis tau hnov leej twg hais txog qhov ua tau los ntawm neeg txawv, vim lawv (nws cov neeg nyob hauv) tua txhua tus neeg txawv tebchaws uas tuaj rau lawv… Lawv lawv tus kheej nqes dej rau kev lag luam thiab tsis tshaj tawm dab tsi txog lawv cov haujlwm thiab lawv cov khoom thiab tsis pub leej twg ua raws lawv thiab nkag mus rau lawv lub tebchaws."
Daim ntawv qhia thaj tsam ntawm 982 los ntawm tus sau tsis paub hais lus Persian, Khudud al-alam, sau tseg:
"Artab yog lub nroog uas txhua tus neeg txawv txawv raug tua thiab los ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev rab ntaj thiab rab ntaj uas tuaj yeem khoov ib nrab tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis sai li sai tau txhais tes tau thim rov qab, lawv coj lawv cov duab qub."
Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi (XII xyoo pua) sau:
"Lub nroog Arsa tsis zoo ntawm lub roob muaj zog thiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm Silak thiab Kukianiya, thiab kom deb li Arsa txhawj xeeb, raws li Sheikh al-Haukalgo, tsis muaj neeg txawv tebchaws nkag mus rau ntawd, rau txhua tus neeg txawv tebchaws raug tua nyob ntawd. Thiab lawv (cov neeg nyob hauv Arsa) tsis tso cai rau leej twg nkag mus rau lawv lub tebchaws rau kev lag luam. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm tsov txaij dub thiab hma dub thiab tin tau raug coj tawm ntawm qhov ntawd. Thiab cov tub lag luam los ntawm Kukiana coj nws tawm ntawm qhov ntawd."
Al-Idrisi kuj tau kos daim duab qhia chaw uas Arsa tau piav qhia.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Arsy-Rus. Los ntawm Baltic mus rau Caucasus
Muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Arsa. Pom tseeb, Arsa yog "Rusa-Rus". Nov yog qhov paub tsis meej ntawm Arsa-Artania. Nws txiav txim siab tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus sab nraud. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas qee tus kws tshawb fawb pib nrhiav Artania hauv Baltic. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws chaw dawb huv ntawm Western Rus (rugov, ruyan) tau nyob ntawm cov kob Ruyan. Tuam Tsev ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Lavxias (Venedian) vaj tswv Svyatovit (Svetovita). Cov khoom muaj nqis loj tau sau ntawm no ntau pua xyoo. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kob yog ib lub chaw lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Slavs-Rus. Lub tuam tsev tau tiv thaiv los ntawm pab pawg tshwj xeeb, uas suav nrog cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws. Thiab cov neeg Lavxias tau teb rau txoj kev hnyav tshaj plaws rau ib qho kev sim nkag mus rau cov kob.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Arsa-Rus pw tsis pub dhau ntawm cov tub lag luam. Cov neeg Lavxias lawv tus kheej tau xa tawm furs thiab riam phom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam no tau xa mus rau cov tebchaws nyob sab Hnub Tuaj thiab los ntawm lwm thaj av Lavxias, uas qhib kev nkag mus rau cov neeg lag luam txawv teb chaws tau qhib. Ntawd yog, kev xa tawm cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txwv hnyav li no. Tab sis lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm Slavs-Rus tuaj yeem ua tau. Txawm yog muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau lead lossis tin (tin thiab cov hlau lead tau sau zoo ib yam hauv Arabic).
Los ntawm daim pheem thib ntawm al-Idrisi, nws tau pom meej tias Arsa qhov txawv txav tau nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Volga-Itil, uas tsis suav cov mines ntawm Urals. Nws tseem pom tseeb tias Arsa-Artania tau nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Don-Rusia ("Russia River"). Nyob rau sab qab teb yog thaj av ntawm Alania, ib feem ntawm Khazaria, North Caucasus (Derbent). Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Arsy-Arta muaj cov kab ke hauv roob, uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nrog lub Caucasian Ridge loj.
Nws tau paub tias cov hlau lead tau raug khawb hauv Caucasus, cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws yog Sadon tso nyiaj (Alania - Ossetia). Kev tso nyiaj ntawm North Caucasus, raws li txoj cai, muaj nyiaj ntxiv rau ua txhuas. Tib Sadon tshuav nws lub yeeb koob ntau dua rau nyiaj ntau dua li coj. Nyiaj kuj tseem tau khawb hauv Sadon hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog. Cov xov xwm hais txog kev txhim kho ntawm Sadon cov hlau ore ua rau muaj lus nug tias Arsy Rus puas tau siv cov nyiaj pov tseg. Al-Masudi tshaj tawm txog kev rho nyiaj los ntawm Rus:
"Cov Rus muaj cov nyiaj hauv kuv thaj av, zoo ib yam li cov nyiaj kuv nyob hauv Mount Banjgir, hauv thaj av Khorasan." Lwm tus kws sau ntawv Muslim nyob nruab nrab kuj tseem hais txog cov nyiaj ntxiv nrog rau cov kub ntawm Rus. Cov nyiaj me me ntawm Rus kuj tseem paub txog Marco Polo (XIII xyoo pua): Russia yog lub tebchaws loj nyob rau sab qaum teb … Muaj ntau txoj kev nyuaj thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb … Lawv muaj nyiaj ntau heev; lawv tau nyiaj ntau heev."
Yog li ntawd, nws tau tawm tswv yim (V. V. Gritskov. Cimmerian center. Issue 3. Rus. Part II. The main mainland. 1992.) that Arsy Rus lived in the North Caucasus region and were related to the Alan tribes (Ases Alans). Ob leeg Arsy Rus thiab Alans yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Scythians, uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qee tus kws tshawb fawb los ua cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Rus Slavs. Lawv tau nyob hauv thaj av no txij thaum lub sij hawm Great Scythia. Lwm qhov tseeb tseem hais txog qhov muaj cov neeg Lavxias nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Yog li ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Khazar Kagan muaj pagan Rus. Tom qab ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv pab tub rog ntawm Khazar Kaganate tau pib ua los ntawm qee tus neeg Muslim ua tub rog-Arsia, uas Masudi coj tawm ntawm thaj tsam Khorezm. Cov peev txheej sab hnub tuaj tseem tshaj tawm tias muaj cov neeg Muslim ntawm Rus (Yuav ua li cas Rus thiaj li lees txais Islam), uas yog cov tub rog tshaj lij thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau cov thawj coj sab hnub tuaj. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov tub rog Muslim ntawm Kagan yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog nce toj ntawm Rus-Ars uas tau hloov pauv mus rau Islam, uas tau cuam tshuam nrog Khorezm tsis yog los ntawm keeb kwm, tab sis los ntawm kev ntseeg.
Tmutarakan lossis Ryazan?
Cov lus nug ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm pab pawg Lavxias thib peb tau ua rau muaj ntau qhov thiab qhov kev xav tsis sib xws hauv keeb kwm Lavxias. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, lo lus nug no txog peb lub xeev cov chaw hauv Russia tau cuam tshuam nrog lwm qhov teeb meem - txog keeb kwm ntawm Russia thiab Rus (Russians) feem ntau.
Yog li, tus sau ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 (Fren li al.) Xav tias Artania yog Erdzian (Mordovian pawg neeg ntawm Erzya), lub npe khaws cia hauv lub npe Arzamas. Shcheglov ua raws tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom, uas xav tias cov neeg nyob hauv Artania yog haiv neeg Finnish, tab sis nrhiav Artu tsis nyob hauv Arzamas, tab sis hauv Ryazan: "Ryazan yog Slavic daim ntawv ntawm lub npe no (Arzania). Kev rov sau cov tsiaj ntawv, cov ntawv txuas ua ke, hauv qab lub suab yog ib qho ntawm cov Slavs hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. " Tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom tau txhawb los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm Shakhmatov (A. A. Shakhmatov. Txoj hmoo zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pawg neeg Lavxias). Hais txog ntawm Persian keeb kwm thiab geographer Gardizi ntawm lub xyoo pua XI. txog qhov tseeb tias "hauv thaj av Slavs muaj lub nroog Vantit", muab Shakhmatov qhov laj thawj coj Vantit los ze rau Vyatichi thiab tshaj tawm Artania li Ryazan, lub nroog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm pawg neeg Slavic ntawm Vyatichi. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev xav tau hais tawm tias Artania yog Perm.
L. Niederle qhia tias hauv lo lus "Artania" "r" sawv cev yuam kev es tsis yog "n", thiab txuas Artania nrog lub npe "Antes". Antes nyob hauv 4th - 7th centuries. nyob rau thaj tsam Sab Qab Teb Dub Hiav Txwv, nruab nrab ntawm Dnieper thiab Dniester dej. Ants tsim cov pejxeem ntawm cheeb tsam Kiev, thaj av Chernihiv thiab Polesye. BA Rybakov ua raws tib qhov kev pom. Nws txuas Artania thiab Parkhomenko nrog lub npe ntsaum, tab sis nws mus ntxiv thiab qhia tias Artania yog Tmutarakan. Nyuam qhuav pib, tib lub tswv yim tau hais los ntawm Ilovaisky (D. Ilovaisky. Kev tshawb fawb txog qhov pib ntawm Russia). Qhov kev xav no tau txais kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb, raws li nws tau ua pov thawj tias muaj nyob ntawm sab qab teb nruab nrab ntawm kev ua nom tswv ntawm Rus thiab cov ntawv sau tshuaj ntawm kev hais daws ntawm Slavs hauv cheeb tsam Podonsko-Azov. Yog li lub tswv yim no tau txhawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb S. V. Yushkov, A. I. Sobolevsky thiab lwm tus.
Qee cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau peb hu mus rau cheeb tsam Ryazan tsawg kawg ib ntawm cov chaw ntawm Arsy-Artania. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia pom tias qub Ryazan hauv IX-X ib puas xyoo. twb muaj los ua lub nroog thiab, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem yog ib lub chaw ntawm Russia. Cov kws sau ntawv As Kiv tau lees paub Vyatichi ua ib ntawm cov pab pawg Slavic tseem ceeb. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm pab pawg pab pawg Vyatichi, muaj ntau qhov pom ntawm dirhams (Arabic nyiaj npib). Thiab cov kev pom pom no tau tsom mus raws tus dej loj ntawm Vyatichi - Oka. Cov hma dub thiab tin tau xa tawm los ntawm Artania - kev yos hav zoov rau "hma dub" tau ua hauv Ryazan nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, thiab nyob ze Staraya Ryazan, hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub zos. Bestuzhev, cov pob zeb zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, uas tau tshawb pom hauv lub sijhawm qub, tau pom. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tau paub los ntawm Maklakovsky qhov chaw faus ntawm thaj tsam ntawm xyoo pua 12th.
Yog li, Arsa-Artania, zoo li Kuyavia thiab Slavia, yog Slavno Lavxias lub xeev, tsim nyob rau xyoo IV. n. NS. Pom tau tias, Artania thaum xub thawj suav nrog ntau lub hauv paus thiab nyob hauv thaj av loj los ntawm Kuban, ib feem ntawm North Caucasus sab qab teb mus rau thaj tsam Upper Volga (cheeb tsam Ryazan, thaj av ntawm Vyatichi), los ntawm Dnieper nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab Volga nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau xyoo pua 8, Artania tau tawg nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab ntawm Khazars. Ib feem ntawm Slavs-Rus tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Khazaria (Cov zais ntawm Lavxias Khazaria). Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias qee lub xeev tsim (cov thawj coj) ntawm Artania tau dim. Ib ntawm lawv, raws li kws sau ntawv Sab Hnub Tuaj, tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm Khazaria thiab Volga Bulgaria. Tom qab ntawd, thaum Rurikovich koom ua ke Novgorod (Slavia) thiab Kiev, ib feem ntawm Artania (suav nrog Tmutarakan tus thawj tswj hwm thiab thaj av ntawm Vyatichi) kuj tau suav nrog hauv lub xeev Lavxias tshiab.
