Thaum Lub Ib Hlis - thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1920, Red Army tau sim "ua tiav" Denikin cov tub rog hauv Caucasus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam hnyav thiab raug pov rov qab. Thawj qhov kev sim kom dim Caucasus ua tsis tiav.
Qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm xub ntiag
Tom qab kev poob ntawm Rostov thiab Novocherkassk, Denikin cov tub rog tau thim rov qab dhau Don thiab Sal. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau tuaj yeem tawm tsam thawj zaug ntawm Red Army txhawm rau txhawm rau hla Don. Cov Reds tau nkees nkees dhau los, ua kom ntshav los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, muaj kev sib kis loj ntawm tus mob typhus thiab kev khiav tawm.
Thaum lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1920, pem hauv ntej tau hla Don mus rau lub zos Verkhne-Kurmoyarovskaya thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd, hla Tsaritsyn-Tikhoretskaya txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau, mus raws Sal mus rau Kalmyk steppes. Hauv Rostov cov lus qhia thiab hauv plawv nroog, cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Denikin tau nyob: Cov Pab Pawg Sib Koom Tes Sib cais ntawm Kutepov thiab Sidorin's Don pab tub rog. Pokrovsky's Caucasian pab tub rog sawv tom qab Salom. Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau tuav lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv hauv Azov-Bataysk txoj haujlwm, qhov uas lawv xav tias cov yeeb ncuab lub zog tseem ceeb yuav tawm tsam. Bataysk tau dhau los ua qhov chaw muaj zog. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Bataysk muaj qhov tshwj tseg - Kuban corps. Don cov tsev tau nyob ntawm lub zos Olginskaya thiab ntxiv mus. Cov rog dawb suav txog 60 txhiab tus neeg nrog 450 rab phom thiab ntau dua 1,180 rab phom tshuab.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, 1920, Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob Liab tau hloov pauv mus rau Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm Vasily Shorin (txij li Lub Ib Hlis 24 nws tau hloov pauv ib ntus los ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Fedor Afanasyev, tom qab ntawd Mikhail Tukhachevsky). Lub Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej tau ua lub luag haujlwm txhawm rau tsoo North Caucasian pawg ntawm Pab Pawg Dawb thiab tso Caucasus. Lub hauv paus pib suav nrog: 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th thiab 1st Cavalry armies. Cov tub rog thib 8 thiab 1st Cavalry tau nyob hauv Rostov cov lus qhia, Pawg Tub Rog 9 tau nyob hauv nruab nrab, thiab cov tub rog 10 thiab 11 tau nyob ntawm sab laug. Cov tub rog pem hauv ntej suav ntau dua 70 txhiab tus phom thiab saber, txog 600 phom thiab ntau dua 2,700 rab phom tshuab. Ntawd yog, Reds tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo hauv kev ua rog hauv Caucasian kev coj. Ib qho ntxiv, Reds tau nkees thiab tso ntshav tawm los ntawm kev tawm tsam yav dhau los, lawv cov kev sib txuas lus tau nthuav dav, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau raug puas tsuaj thaum muaj kev tawm tsam. Yog li ntawd, Cov Tub Rog Liab tsis tuaj yeem rov kho sai, ua kom cov tub rog nyias nyias, xa cov khoom txhawb ntxiv, npaj cov khoom siv riam phom, mos txwv thiab khoom siv.
Plans ntawm Soviet hais kom ua
Thaj tsam dhau ntawm Don yog tiaj nrog ntau lub pas dej, ntsia liaj qhov rooj, dej ntws thiab dej ntws, uas ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv White Guard thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Reds. Tsis tas li ntawd, Reds tau saib tsis taus tus yeeb ncuab, ntseeg tias nws yuav yooj yim rau "ua tiav" qhov twb swb Denikinites lawm.
Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tau txiav txim siab hla Don thiab Manych ntawm kev txav mus los, tsis txhob tos lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, tsis pub cov yeeb ncuab nce lub hauv paus ntawm cov haujlwm no thiab rov ua kom muaj zog. Nyob hauv Yeisk - Velikoknyazheskaya kab, tsim kev tawm tsam ntawm Tikhoretskaya. 1st Cavalry Army ntawm Budyonny tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsoo cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, mus txog Yeisk, Kushchevskaya kab. Sokolnikov tus tub rog thib 8 tau tsoo hauv thaj tsam Bataysk thiab Olginskaya, xav tias yuav swb tus thib 3 Don corps thiab mus txog Kushchevskaya, Mechetinskaya kab; Stepin tus tub rog thib 9 kom kov yeej ntu 2 thiab 1st Don corps, mus txog Mechetinskaya, Grand-Ducal kab, tom qab ntawd xa Dumenko cov tub rog caij nees mus rau Tikhoretskaya; Pavlov's 10th Army - kom swb 1st Kuban Corps thiab ua ntej ntawm Grand Duke. Tub rog 11th ntawm Vasilenko, nrog nws txoj cai sab xis, nce mus rau Torgovaya. Lwm pawg ntawm 11th Army tau nce mus rau Divnoe, Holy Cross thiab Kizlyar, tawm tsam North Caucasian pab tub rog ntawm General Erdeli. Yog li, lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau tsoo ntawm "sib koom" ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas nyob hauv qis dua ntawm Don thiab hauv qab. Nws tseem yog txoj kev luv tshaj plaws rau Yekaterinodar.
Don-Manych kev ua haujlwm
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17-18, 1920, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Cavalry thiab Pawg Tub Rog 8 tau sim hla Don, tabsis tsis ua tiav vim tias thaum ntxov yaj thiab tsis muaj chaw ferry. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 19, Reds tau hla tus dej thiab nyob hauv Olginskaya, thiab pab tub rog ntawm pab tub rog thib 8 - Sulin thiab Darievskaya. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 20, Reds tau tawm tsam Bataysk, nyob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb, tab sis tau nyam hauv thaj chaw swampy. Cov tub rog liab tsis tuaj yeem tig rov los, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau ua phem tawm tsam lub hauv pliaj.
Lub caij no, txhawm rau tshem tawm tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev kov yeej, cov lus txib dawb tau pauv nws cov tub rog tub rog ntawm General Toporkov (cov seem ntawm pawg thib 3 Shkuro, cov tub rog tub rog Barbovich) mus rau thaj tsam Bataysk. Tsis tas li, 4th Don Corps tau pauv mus rau thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua, uas, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Mamontov, tau coj los ntawm General Pavlov. Cov tub rog dawb tso siab tsis pub leej twg paub thiab daws kev cuam tshuam sai rau cov yeeb ncuab. Cov neeg pab dawb kuj tau tawm tsam. Budenovites, uas tsis xav tias yuav muaj zog, tau ntxeev. Ib feem ntawm 1st Cavalry thiab 8th pab tub rog raug yuam kom tawm ntawm tus choj uas twb muaj lawm, kom rov mus dhau ntawm Don. Ib hnub tom qab, Red Army rov sim tua, ntes Olginskaya, tab sis tom qab kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog dawb, nws rov thim rov qab dhau Don.
Cov tub rog Soviet raug kev txom nyem tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm, poob ntau dua 20 phom. Pawg tub rog thib 8 (15, 16, 31st thiab 33rd) tau ua phem heev. Kev coj dawb ntawm cov neeg dawb, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau nce ntxiv. Qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm 1st Cavalry thiab 8 pab tub rog tau ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Budyonny thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pem hauv ntej Shorin. Budyonny tau qw hais tias nws cov tub rog tau raug tsoo taub hau ntawm qhov chaw muaj zog tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas cov tub rog tsis xav tau. Cov av tsis tsim nyog rau kev xa cov tub rog caij tsheb. Tus thawj coj hauv ntej ntseeg tias qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ua tsis tiav yog kev ncua tsis raug cai hauv kev ua phem, thaum cov tub rog, noj Novocherkassk thiab Rostov, tau taug kev thiab haus dej, uas cov thawj coj tau lees paub ib yam. Shorin tau sau tseg tias Budennovites tau poob lawv cov tub rog lub yeeb koob hauv cov cawv txiv hmab hauv Rostov. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus txib ntawm 1st Cavalry Army tsis siv tag nrho nws lub zog. Vim li ntawd, kev hais kom ua ntej tau hloov pauv. Shorin raug xa mus rau Siberia, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd "tus yeej ntawm Kolchak" Tukhachevsky tau raug hu, uas yog tus coj Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej. Ua ntej nws tuaj txog, Afanasyev tau ua tus thawj coj ua ntej.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Caucasian Front, Reds tau ua tiav. Cov tub rog 9 thiab 10 tau hla Don thiab Sal ntawm cov dej khov, mus txog kab Starocherkasskaya, Bagaevskaya, Holodny, Kargalskaya thiab Remontnoye. Cov Reds tau nias 1st thiab 2nd Don corps, cov tub rog Caucasian tsis muaj zog. Dontsov raug pov rov qab dhau Manych, Pawg Tub Rog 21 tau hla tus dej thiab ntes Manychskaya. Muaj kev hem thawj rau lub ntsej muag thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm Denikin cov tub rog.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab Soviet txiav txim siab hloov lub tshuab tseem ceeb mus rau thaj tsam ntawm pab tub rog thib 9, hloov Budyonny cov tub rog nyob ntawd thiab tawm tsam ua ke nrog Dumenko cov tub rog caij nees. Cov tub rog 9 thiab 10 tau tsim kev tawm tsam hauv tib txoj kev. Muaj kev sib koom ua rog, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 27-28, cov tub rog ntawm Caucasian Front tau rov tawm tsam. Budenny cov tub rog tau mus rau thaj tsam Manychskaya. Dumenko cov tub rog, ua ke nrog kev faib phom ntev txog 23, los ntawm thaj chaw Sporny mus rau Vesyoliy, hla Manych thiab swb yeej Don infantry ntawm cov tub rog thib 2. Muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev kov yeej cov tub rog liab nyob tom qab ntawm Denikin cov tub rog.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus txib dawb tau tuaj yeem zam kev puas tsuaj. Hauv cheeb tsam Efremov, lub nrig nrig tau tsim los sai sai los ntawm 4th Don corps, chav nyob ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Don corps. Toporkov cov tub ceev xwm tau tsiv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm kev kov yeej. Cov Donets tau tawm tsam Dumenko lub cev thiab 23 qhov kev faib los ntawm peb cov lus qhia. Cov Reds rov qab los ntawm Manych. Tom qab ntawd Dawb tau tsoo ntawm Budennovtsy, uas tseem thim rov qab rau Manych. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tawm tsam ntawm pab pawg poob siab ntawm Caucasian Front tau thwarted. Cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tau tawm tsam kev sim tshiab los ntawm Reds kom nce qib hauv thaj tsam Bataysk. Kev sib ntaus txuas ntxiv mus rau ob peb hnub ntxiv. Lub Ib Hlis 31 - Lub Ob Hlis 2, Reds tau rov sim yuam Manych, tab sis raug pov rov qab. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 6, qhov kev tawm tsam tau nres, cov tub rog tau hla mus rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv.
Qhov ua tsis tiav no ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshiab hauv Soviet hais kom ua. Shorin ntseeg tias 1st Cavalry Army, tom qab kev tawm tsam thawj zaug, ncua sijhawm ib nrab hnub, yam tsis tau pib caum cov yeeb ncuab. Thiab White tau tswj hwm nws cov rog. Voroshilov, tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam ntawm 1st Cavalry Army, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom: lub ntsiab lus yog ob pab tub rog caij nees (Budenny pab tub rog thiab Dumenko cov neeg ua haujlwm) tau sib cais sib cais, tsis koom ua ib txoj haujlwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Dumenko cov tub rog tau rub ua ntej, Budyonny cov tub rog tsuas yog npaj los yaum Manych. Qhov no tso cai rau White kom swb Dumenko thiab Budyonny cais.
Yog li, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua tiav tsuas yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm: thaj chaw sab qaum teb ntawm Dej Manych tau nyob, tus choj tau tsim los rau kev txhim kho ntawm North Caucasian txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tsis tau tiav: North Caucasian pawg ntawm Pab Pawg Dawb tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Tikhoretskaya - Yekaterinodar, ua tiav kev tawm tsam.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej: Reds tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj hauv kev ua rog; tawm tsam hauv cov lus qhia sib cais, tsis tuaj yeem mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb; tsis zoo siv lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv ntej - pab tub rog ntawm Budyonny, uas tau daig hauv qhov dej nyab ntawm qhov Don; cov tub rog Soviet tau nkees thiab ntshav los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm; kev sib cais ntawm cavalry thiab phom tsis sib cuam tshuam zoo; tus yeeb ncuab tsis suav nrog, cov lus txib dawb ua haujlwm zoo npaj cov kev ua ntawm nws cov tub rog, xa kev tawm tsam zoo.
