Cov phiaj xwm xov xwm los cuam tshuam keeb kwm tseeb ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob hauv Tebchaws Europe tau nce siab. Hauv Prague, qhov uas lawv tsis ntev los no tau txiav txim siab tshem lub monument rau Marshal Konev, nws tau thov kom txhim tsa lub tsev teev ntuj rau tus neeg ntxeev siab -vaj Vlasov thiab nws cov koom nrog hauv ROA, uas tawm tsam sab ntawm Peb Reich.
Feem ntau, txhua yam yog qhov laj thawj. Sab hnub poob ntiaj teb, Europe thiab cov peev txheej (uas tau dhau los ua thoob ntiaj teb), neoliberal kev xav hauv kev kub ntxhov. Lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob los ntawm kev kub ntxhov los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Thiab ua ntej ntawd, kev tswj hwm haiv neeg, kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm fascist tuaj rau lub zog. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias ua ntej qhov no muaj phiaj xwm los cuam tshuam keeb kwm tseeb, kev ua phem phem ntawm Red Army, uas tau tso Europe los ntawm Nazism thiab fascism. Kev rov kho dua ntawm Nazis thiab lawv cov hangers-on, ntxeev siab rau kev koom tes. Kev tsim cov duab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab - Cov neeg Lavxias thiab cov neeg Communist. Stalin tau sib npaug nrog Hitler, USSR nrog Peb Reich. Ntxiv mus, peb twb tau pom zoo tias Hitler tiv thaiv Europe los ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm kev sib tham Ntxiv mus, Tebchaws Europe, uas tau npog los ntawm nthwv dej tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev kub ntxhov, yuav ntsib kev tsaus ntuj tshiab ntawm Nazism thiab kev ntseeg, kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tebchaws qub hauv lub tebchaws mus rau kev tswj hwm tebchaws (tshwj xeeb, Catalonia raug cais hauv Spain, Lub Tebchaws Basque thiab Galicia yog tom ntej). Thiab tag nrho cov no nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev loj hlob tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb Sab Qab Teb, kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab cov neeg Muslim nyob rau yav qab teb Europe. Tej zaum peb yuav pom "Qhov thib plaub Reich" raws li Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis.
Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv Prague
Yav dhau los, hauv Czech koom pheej thiab Prague, ntau qhov kev nqis tes ua tau tawm tsam Soviet cov tub rog-kev tso tawm. Tshwj xeeb, lub monument rau tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, uas nws cov tub rog tau koom nrog hauv Prague kev ua haujlwm, Marshal Ivan Konev, tau raug tshem tawm. Lub monument no tau pib ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws ntawm Czechoslovak peev Prague 6 xyoo 1980 raws li keeb kwm nco txog qhov zoo ntawm Soviet tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog liab. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm USSR thiab pawg neeg koom nrog, Soviet monuments tau rov ua phem los ntawm hooligans. Yog li Konev raug liam tias koom nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Hungarian xyoo 1956 thiab npaj rau kev tshem tawm "Prague Spring" xyoo 1968.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2019, cov neeg hauv cheeb tsam tau txiav txim siab (Tsov rog rau keeb kwm. Hauv Prague, lawv npaj siab yuav txav lub monument mus rau Marshal Konev) kom txav lub monument mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw los tsim lub monument rau liberators ntawm Prague.”. Zoo li, los ntawm lub sijhawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tuaj txog hauv Prague, cov neeg ntxeev siab Czech thiab cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog Nyablaj Tebchaws Russia twb tau tso nws dim lawm, peb hnub uantej cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov neeg German twb tau tso tseg lawm.
Lub monument rau Vlasovites tau thov kom txhim tsa los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Prague koog tsev kawm ntawv Rzheporye Pavel Novotny. Nws tau dhau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Civic Democratic Party, cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab tus nom tswv paub txog nws cov pej xeem thiab kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Lub tswv yim kom qhuas cov neeg koom tes Lavxias thiab "ua rau cov neeg tsis sib haum xeeb" raug xa mus rau cov txwj laus los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg koom nrog, tus tsim ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Tag Nrho, keeb kwm Pavel Zhachek. Nws tau sau tseg tias Vlasov thiab nws tus phooj ywg ze tshaj, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st ROA faib, Sergei Bunyachenko, nyob hauv Rzheporye (lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog lub nroog cais, uas tom qab dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Prague), thiab hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 6-7, 1945, lawv tau tham txog txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm kom dim Prague los ntawm Nazis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Vlasovites yog peb hnub ua ntej ntawm Soviet pab tub rog hauv Prague thiab pab cov neeg ntxeev siab Czech, uas tau pib kev tawm tsam thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1945. Lawv xav txhim tsa ib lub monument rau Vlasovites twb tau nyob rau xyoo 2020 lawm.
Leej twg ua Vlasov "liberator ntawm Prague"
Lub tswv yim hais tias Prague tau raug tso dim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945, tsis yog los ntawm Red Army, tab sis los ntawm Lavxias Liberation Army, tsis tau tsim los ntawm Czechs lawv tus kheej. Nws tus tsim tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus paub zoo tiv thaiv Soviet, nyiam rau Sab Hnub Poob thiab Lavxias "kev ywj pheej" Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Nws tau ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tsim cov lus tawm tsam Soviet. Ntawm nws qhov kev tsim kho kuj tseem muaj lub tswv yim ntawm "txuag Prague" los ntawm cov koom tes Lavxias.
Yog li, hauv kev ua haujlwm "Lub Gulag Archipelago" nws tau sau:
Txog qhov kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis, Vlasov tau sib sau nws ob thiab ib nrab kev faib rau Prague. Tom qab ntawd nws tau kawm paub tias SS General Steiner tau npaj los rhuav tshem Czech peev, tsis yog muab tag nrho. Thiab Vlasov hais kom nws kev sib cais hla mus rau sab ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab Czechs. Thiab txhua qhov kev thuam, kev iab, kev npau taws uas tau yuam lub mis Lavxias tau sau rau ntawm cov neeg German thaum lub sijhawm lim hiam thiab ruam peb xyoos tam sim no raug tso tawm hauv kev tawm tsam rau cov neeg German: los ntawm qhov tsis tau xav tseg lawv raug ncaws tawm ntawm Prague. (Puas yog txhua tus Czechs xam nws tom qab,Cov neeg Russians tau cawm lawv lub nroog?
Tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov dab neeg dub hais txog USSR suav hais tias Vlasov thiab nws cov koom nrog ua siab ncaj rau cov neeg Lavxias uas tau tawm tsam Russia los ntawm "ntshav" Stalinist kev tswj hwm. Cov lus no ntawm Solzhenitsyn txog Vlasovites tsis ua rau nws hloov mus rau "Archipelago" kho rau tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias.
Prague uprising thiab ROA
Thaum pib ntawm Tsib Hlis 1945, Soviet thiab Asmeskas cov tub rog tuaj txog ntawm ciam teb ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia tau tshoov siab Czechs kom tawm tsam. Yav dhau los, tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv German loj hauv kev tiv thaiv, cov Czechs tau ua haujlwm ntsiag to, txhawb lub zog ntawm Peb Reich. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 4, hauv Prague, tsoomfwv Czech tus neeg saib xyuas, coj los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Emil Hacha, ua tiav kev sib tham txog kev hloov pauv lub zog, pib thaum lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1945, nrog Czech National Council. Pawg sab laj, raws li kev coj ntawm Albert Prazhak, Ph. D., yog los xaiv tsa kev xaiv tsa rau tsoomfwv tom qab ua tsov rog. Tsoomfwv Czech tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj tshem tawm txoj haujlwm lus German. Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 5, nws tau paub hauv Prague tias cov neeg Lavxias tau coj Berlin. Thaum sawv ntxov, tus thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv, Richard Bienert, tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua cov lus hais txog kev tshem tawm tus tiv thaiv thiab pib ntawm kev tawm tsam dav dav. Nws tau hais kom Czech pab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm koom nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab pab tub rog German kom swb.
Kev tawm tsam tau coj los ntawm General Karel Kutlvashr. Cov neeg ntxeev siab (txog 30 txhiab tus tib neeg), ua kom zoo dua qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tub rog German, tau txeeb ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav txog kev yeej, tsuas yog nyob ib puag ncig Prague muaj txog 40 txhiab tus neeg German. Yog li ntawd, cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab tau pib sib tham nrog SS Obergruppenfuehrer Karl Frank thiab Prague tus thawj coj, General Rudolf Tussain, yam tsis tau hais kom tso tseg sai sai ntawm Nazis. Cov neeg ntxeev siab xav ua si rau lub sijhawm kom txog thaum cov neeg Asmeskas tuaj txog, tsis paub txog kev pom zoo ntawm cov phoojywg hauv kev tawm tsam Hitler kev koom tes (Prague yuav tsum raug tso los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog).
Lub nroog yog lub chaw sib txuas lus tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog rov qab los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog German Pab Pawg. Cov lus txib German tau npaj los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej hauv Czechoslovakia kom ntev li ntev tau, tig Prague mus rau "Berlin thib ob" thiab sim siv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phoojywg hauv kev tawm tsam Hitler kev koom tes. Yog li ntawd, Nazis tau coj cov tub rog ntxiv mus rau hauv nroog kom tiv thaiv kev ntxeev siab. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau raug piam sij. Czech National Council tau thov kom pab rau ntu 1 (18 txhiab tus tub rog) nyob ze Prague, coj los ntawm Major General Bunyachenko. Kev faib tawm kuj tseem nrog tus thawj coj ntawm ROA, Lieutenant General Vlasov.
Lavxias pab tub rog dim ntawm lub sijhawm no, qhov tseeb, yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim. Nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua tau paub zoo tias Thib Peb Reich tau swb thiab npaj siab yuav swb rau cov phoojywg sab hnub poob, txhawm rau txhawm rau txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, tab sis nrog kev hais kom ua siab sib txawv. 1st Division yeem yeem mus rau tom qab, thiab Vlasov, ntawm qhov one tes, tau sim sib tham nrog cov neeg German (lawv tus kheej tsis tau maj mus koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov xav tau kev koom tes), ntawm qhov tod tes, nws xav mus kom deb li deb sab hnub poob raws li muaj peev xwm txhawm rau swb rau Asmeskas. ROA tus thawj coj tsis kam Czechs. Nws tsis pom lub ntsiab lus hauv qhov kev lom zem no. General Bunyachenko, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau txib nws cov tub rog los txhawb kev tawm tsam. Nws vam tias kev pab Czechs yuav ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj kev sib tham. Vlasov tsis cuam tshuam, thiab tsis koom nrog hauv cov xwm txheej hauv Prague.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, 1945, muaj txog li 2 txhiab txoj kev thaiv ntawm txoj kev ntawm Prague. Cov neeg tawm tsam, tsuas yog siv caj npab me me xwb, raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Cov Nazis tsoo mus rau hauv plawv nroog, ntes lub nroog lub tsev thiab tus choj hla Vltava. Kev faib Vlasov tau muaj peev xwm sib ntaus tau zoo, dua li, cov tub rog Lavxias tau mob siab ntaus German. Kev faib Bunyachenko nyob hauv tshav dav hlau hauv Ruzin, qhov chaw uas Luftwaffe cov neeg foob pob nyob, npaj rau foob pob hauv nroog, ntxiv rau Prague koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Smichov, tswj kev hla ob choj hla Vltava. Nyob rau tib hnub, Soviet pab tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, raws li cov lus txib ntawm Konev, pib tawm tsam los ntawm Saxony mus rau Prague.
Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 7, ROA cov neeg tua rog tau tsoo rau hauv plawv nroog Prague thiab txiav pawg German ntawm sab laug ntawm Vltava, thiab tseem tau coj Petrshin roob thiab thaj tsam Kulishovitsy. Vlasovites ntes tau txog 10 txhiab tus neeg German. Txawm li cas los xij, Vlasovites tsis tuaj yeem tso tag nrho lub nroog nrog lawv cov rog tsawg. Raws li cov koog tshiab ntawm pab pawg tub rog German thim rov los rau hauv lub nroog, Tshooj 1 tau raug rhuav tshem. Tib hnub ntawd, nws tau qhia meej rau cov Czechs tias cov neeg Asmeskas yuav tsis tuaj rau Prague. Vim yog kev nom kev tswv, ntshai qhov tsis zoo Allied cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev koom tes nrog cov koom tes koom tes, Czech National Council tau rhuav tshem kev koom tes nrog Vlasovites. Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 7-8, txhua ntu ntawm 1st Division tau tso lawv txoj haujlwm hauv Prague thiab mus rau sab hnub poob. Thiab lawv tau khiav tawm ua ke nrog cov neeg German, nrog lawv tawm tsam tau ob hnub.
Prague tau raug tso los ntawm Red Army
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 8, thaum kawm paub txog kev swb ntawm Reich, kos npe rau hauv Reims, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog German pab pawg Center, Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner, hais kom cov tub rog tawm hauv Prague thiab txav mus rau thaj tsam Asmeskas. Cov Nazis nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog Czechs, thiab cov neeg ntxeev siab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Wehrmacht mus rau sab hnub poob. Hauv Prague, cov tub rog German tseem nyob, uas tsis muaj sijhawm tawm mus rau sab hnub poob, thiab qee qhov ntawm SS, uas tsis kam tso tseg thiab txuas ntxiv mus. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Tsib Hlis 9, 1945, cov tub rog liab tau nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog thiab tso Prague, tshem tawm qhov chaw kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German. Nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Czech peev, Nazis tau ua tiav thiab tshem riam phom rau ob peb hnub ntxiv.
Yog li, nws pom tseeb tias Prague raug tso los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog. Txog lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1945, Cov tub rog German tseem nyob hauv nroog, lawv tawm tsam. Prague qhov kev tawm tsam, nrog lossis tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm Vlasovites, tau raug rhuav tshem. Qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsuas yog los ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub nroog ntawm Asmeskas lossis Soviet cov tub rog. Cov neeg German tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov neeg ntxeev siab Czech thiab Vlasovites, thiab yuav yooj yim tig lub nroog mus rau kev haus luam yeeb puas tsuaj yog tias tsis kam txuas ntxiv thiab lawv tsis raug tso cai mus rau sab hnub poob. Tus thawj coj ntawm ROA, General Vlasov, tsis tau koom nrog ib feem hauv cov xwm txheej hauv Prague, thiab tau tawm tsam los pab cov neeg ntxeev siab Czech. Ntawd yog, lub monument rau nws raws li "liberator ntawm Prague" yog pom tseeb ruam. 1st faib ntawm Bunyachenko, qhov tseeb, tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus hauv Prague ob hnub, tab sis hauv txoj ntsiab cai nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav yeej Nazis. Thaum tsis tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm Czech kev coj noj coj ua, Vlasovites tau tawm hauv lub nroog, uas kev sib ntaus txuas ntxiv mus. Cov neeg German tuaj yeem ua tiav cov neeg ntxeev siab Czech, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm ua qhov no, vim tias lawv tau maj nrawm mus rau sab hnub poob kom swb rau cov neeg Asmeskas, thiab ntshai ntawm kev nce qib Red Army. Lub nroog tau dim ntawm Nazis los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Prague kev tawm tsam kev ua haujlwm tseem hais lus rau lawv tus kheej: thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam sai ntawm 1st, 4th thiab 2nd Ukrainian fronts, pawg muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog tau raug rhuav tshem, uas txuas ntxiv tiv thaiv tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Berlin. Tua thiab raug mob 40 txhiab, ntes 860 txhiab Nazi cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm, suav nrog 60 tus thawj coj. 9500 phom thiab phom, 1800 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom, kwv yees li 1100 lub dav hlau raug ntes raws li khoom plig. Kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev ua haujlwm German ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab nws lub peev Prague.
Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias zaj dab neeg ntawm "Vlasov liberators" yog ib feem ntawm kev tawm tsam kom tsis lees paub qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, Pab Tub Rog Liab thiab USSR hauv kev tshem tawm Europe los ntawm Nazism. Cov koom tes koom tes tau rov kho dua, tom qab ntawd txoj kev tig mus rau Nazism thiab kev nyiam kev ntseeg yuav los. Qhov haujlwm no twb tau ua tiav hauv Baltics, hauv Ukraine. Keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob thiab Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws tau rov sau dua nyob rau sab hnub poob, cov tub rog uas yog tus npaj kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb.
