Thaum Lub Yim Hli 22, 1939, tsuas yog ib hnub ua ntej kev kos npe ntawm Soviet-German tsis yog kev ua phem, Romania qhib nws ciam teb nrog Poland (330 km). Cov neeg lis haujlwm Polish nyob hauv Bucharest tau ceeb toom tib lub sijhawm los ntawm Romanian Txawv Teb Chaws Tuam Tsev hais txog "qhov muaj feem yuav ua tub rog hla los ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees mus rau Tebchaws Poland, uas nws ciam teb nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemes nyob rau feem ntau ntawm cov ciam teb sab nrauv."
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Txawv Tebchaws German txoj kev tawm tsam Romania tseem tsis tau teb. Tab sis tom qab peb lub lis piam, nws yog txoj kev hla ciam teb no uas tau cawm ntau txhiab leej tub rog Polish thiab cov pej xeem los ntawm kev tuag thiab kev poob cev qhev.
Ntxiv mus: tsis yog Romania nkaus xwb, tab sis tseem txhawb German Hungary thiab txawm tias Lithuania, uas tsis lees paub Polish txeeb Vilnius xyoo 1920 thiab nyuam qhuav khiav dim txoj haujlwm Polish nyob rau xyoo 1938 ua tsaug rau USSR, muab Poland nrog rau tub rog tsis ncaj thiab kev pab nom tswv thaum lub sijhawm Nazi ntxeem tau. Ntxiv mus, Romania thiab Hungary qhia Poland tsis txhob saib tsis taus pab tub rog Soviet. Tab sis nyob rau hauv vain …
Daim ntawv cog lus Polish-Romanian tsis ua phem ntawm 1921, kos npe rau hauv Bucharest, tshaj tawm, ntawm lwm yam, kev ua tsis ncaj ncees ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Poland thiab Romania. Ntawd yog, lawv cov ciam teb nrog USSR thiab pab tub rog sib pab thaum lub sijhawm Soviet ua phem rau cov tebchaws no. Qhov no txawm hais tias Romania tau nyob hauv Russia Bessarabia txij li xyoo 1918, uas tsis tau lees paub los ntawm Soviet Russia lossis USSR.
Thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 27, 1926, daim ntawv cog lus tub rog Polish-Romanian tau kos npe hauv Warsaw, uas tsis muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Ntawm nws cov kev cai yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Romania kom xa 19 kev sib cais los pab cov phooj ywg thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Polish-Soviet, yog tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees koom nrog nws nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm USSR.
Yog tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tseem nyob nruab nrab, Romania tau cog lus tsuas yog 9 qhov kev sib cais los pab rau tus Pole. Tebchaws Poland, tau teb, cog lus tias yuav xa tsawg kawg 10 qhov kev sib cais thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Romania thiab USSR, Bulgaria lossis Hungary. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog Polish-German tsis tau txiav txim siab hauv kev cog lus txhua.
Tab sis ntshai tias Hungary, koom nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes, yuav ua rau Romania rov kho Hungarian xwm txheej ntawm Northern Transylvania (uas dhau los ua Romanian txij li xyoo 1921) thiab vim yog kev ua phem ntawm Romanian-Bulgarian kev tsis sib haum xeeb hla sab qaum teb Dobrudja (Romanian txij li xyoo 1920), Bucharest txwv tsis pub kev pab tub rog ncaj qha rau tebchaws Poland xyoo 1939.
Gheorghe Hafencu, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Saib Xyuas Txawv Tebchaws ntawm Romania thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1939 - Lub Rau Hli 1940, hauv kev sib tham nrog nws tus npoj yaig Polish Jozef Beck thaum Lub Xya Hli 1939 hauv Bucharest, qhia nws tsis txhob tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj qhov kev xaiv tso cai rau Soviet pab tub rog hla mus rau ciam teb ntawm Poland nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Bohemia.
Ib qho ntxiv, raws li G. Hafenku, thaj chaw ua tub rog ntawm Tebchaws Poland yog qhov uas txawm hais qhia cov tub rog Romanian mus rau hauv lub tebchaws yuav tsis hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej tub rog hauv yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws Poland. Tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau Soviet ua phem rau Bessarabia.
Nov yog qhov kev ncaj ncees Bucharest
Cov neeg Polish tsis mloog cov lus Romanian ib yam nkaus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev muab cov roj Romanian thiab cov khoom siv roj av rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau nce ntxiv txij li lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1939. Thiab txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 1939, lawv suav txog ze li 40% ntawm qhov ntim ntawm German kev siv roj thiab cov khoom siv roj tawm tsam 25% nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 30s, thiab sab Romanian tsis tau nce nqi roj rau lub teb chaws Yelemees txij xyoo 1938. Cov khoom siv no tau nce ntxiv yav tom ntej.
Yog li, Bucharest tau qhia nws txoj kev ncaj ncees rau Berlin thaum hmo ntuj ntawm German kev ntxeem tau ntawm Poland. Thiab ntau qhov xov xwm Romanian ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau sau tseg tias Berlin pom zoo "khaws" Moscow, Budapest thiab Sofia los ntawm kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Bucharest tawm tsam ib cheeb tsam Romanian nyob ze. Yog Romania tsis muab kev pab rau Poland thaum nws muaj tub rog tsis sib haum nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm thiab lus pom hauv xovxwm tsis tau raug lees paub los ntawm Romanian cov tub ceev xwm.
Thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 27, 1939, tsoomfwv Romanian, hauv nws tsis tshaj tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom rau Berlin, paub tseeb tias "… nws nrhiav kev sib koom tes nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv lus nug Lavxias." Thiab nws yuav nyob twj ywm "nruab nrab hauv txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Poland, txawm tias Tebchaws Askiv thiab Fabkis cuam tshuam nrog nws."
Tab sis thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, Romania tau tso cai rau tebchaws Askiv thiab Fab Kis rau kev xa cov khoom siv tub rog mus rau Poland, txawm hais tias cov khoom siv no tsuas yog 40 feem pua ntawm kev pom zoo yav dhau los thiab sijhawm. Ntxiv rau, lawv zoo li tsis muaj kev cia siab lig. Txog thaum ib nrab Lub Cuaj Hli, lawv, tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, tau tso tseg tag nrho vim yog txoj haujlwm ntawm Poland.
Lub caij no, tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Polish tus thawj tub rog Marshal E. Rydz-Smigly tshaj tawm rau lub Cuaj Hlis 17 qhov kev txiav txim "… Cov Soviets tseem tau txeeb chaw. Kuv xaj kom tshem tawm mus rau Romania thiab Hungary los ntawm txoj kev luv tshaj. Tsis txhob tawm tsam nrog Soviets, tsuas yog tias lawv sim tshem riam phom ntawm peb cov chav. Txoj haujlwm rau Warsaw thiab Modlin (lub nroog sab qaum teb ntawm Warsaw. - Ed.), Uas yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov neeg German, - tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Cov chav uas Soviets tau los txog yuav tsum sib tham nrog lawv nrog qhov xav kom tshem tawm cov chav thiab cov tub rog mus rau Romania lossis Hungary. Cov koog uas npog thaj tsam Romanian (thaj tsam sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Poland. - Tus kws sau ntawv sau tseg) yuav tsum tawm tsam ntxiv mus."
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 16-21, 1939, txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam German, tsis pub tsawg dua 85 txhiab tus ncej, suav nrog tsoomfwv thiab cov tub rog ua haujlwm, hla ciam teb Romanian. Lub xeev lub xeev kub khaws cia ntawm 80 tons kuj tseem raug tshem tawm. Twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 19, 77 tons tau xa mus rau Romanian chaw nres nkoj ntawm Constanta thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd thauj mus rau sab qab teb Fabkis (Angers).
Tom qab ntawd, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1940, cov kub no tau xa mus rau London. Thiab peb tons ntawm Polish cov nyiaj khaws tseg tseem nyob hauv Romania rau tus nqi ntawm kev txhawb nqa tus ncej thiab lawv "rov qab" mus rau lwm lub tebchaws. Ntxiv mus, Romania tau xa rov qab peb lub tons no mus rau tebchaws Poland nyob rau xyoo 1948 yam tsis tau them nyiaj. Kev pab Romanian tsis ncaj rau Poland tau hais tawm thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1939 hauv qhov tseeb tias Romania pauv Polish zlotys rau lub zos lei ntawm tus nqi txaus siab rau tus ncej.
Tab sis twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 21, tom qab ntawd Romanian Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws A. Kelinescu tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm German kev txawj ntse …
Lithuania xaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees
Raws li rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Lithuania lub sijhawm ntawd, nws zoo ib yam li Romanian. Nws tshaj tawm kev tsis ncaj ncees rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 30, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Lithuanian tau lees paub Warsaw tias cov tub rog Lithuanian yuav tsis nkag mus rau thaj tsam Vilnius (tsuas yog kwv yees li 16 txhiab square kilometers), uas suav nrog, peb nco qab, thaj tsam Braslav muaj ciam teb nrog Lithuania thiab Latvia, yog tias muaj cov tub rog Polish nyob ntawd. Tab sis Berlin tsis txhob tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, ntseeg tias Lithuania yuav swb rau kev ntxias kom rov qab tau Vilnius.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 9, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws German rau Lithuania R. Tsekhlin tau hais kom tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Lithuanian, General S. Rashtikis, xa tub rog mus rau tebchaws Poland kom nyob Vilna. Hauv kev teb, Rashtikis tau hais tias "… Lithuania ib txwm xav rov qab los ntawm Vilna thiab Vilnius, tab sis, tau tshaj tawm nws qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees, nws tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov kev thov no, ntshai qhov tsis zoo ntawm ob sab hnub poob thiab USSR."
Lub caij no, Cov tub rog Polish los ntawm qhov ntawd tau raug thauj mus rau Warsaw thiab nyob ze Modlin lub nroog hauv thawj lub asthiv ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Uas txuas ntxiv qhov kev tiv thaiv Polish hauv Warsaw thiab Moldina txog thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli.
Nws yog tus yam ntxwv, hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm USSR hauv Lithuania N. Pozdnyakov thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 13 rau Moscow:. Poland.
Tib hnub ntawd, USSR cov tub rog txuas rau hauv Kaunas, Major I. Korotkikh, tau tshaj tawm rau Moscow tias "… kev txiav txim plaub ntug ntawm Lithuania, suav nrog cov tub rog, tsis raug ntxias kom koom nrog Vilna, txawm hais tias qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim tam sim no. Department of the General Staff of the Lithuanian Army, Colonel Dulksnis, cov Lithuanians tsis xav tau Vilna los ntawm cov neeg German txhais tes. Nws yog lwm qhov teeb meem, raws li nws, yog tias Soviet Union tau koom nrog ntawm no."
Qhov no, qhov tseeb, tau tshwm sim rau Vilenshina thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli 1939.
Hungarian Rhapsody tsis tau ua hauv Warsaw
Raws li rau Hungary, nws cov tub ceev xwm, txawm hais tias yog tus txhawb nqa German, tsis tau mob siab rau kev swb ntawm Poland thiab, raws li, rau German kev tswj hwm nyob sab hnub tuaj Europe. Tau txais hauv 1938-39. "los ntawm txhais tes" ntawm Berlin, yav dhau los Czechoslovak Transcarpathia thiab ntau thaj tsam ntawm Slovak ciam teb nrog Hungary, hauv Budapest, teeb tsa, raws li lawv hais, kom ua si lawv cov kev ua si hauv cheeb tsam.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1939, Hungary tau txais, ua tsaug rau Transcarpathia, thaj tsam 180 km ciam teb nrog Poland. Thiab cov tub ceev xwm Polish hauv xyoo 1938-39 ntau dua ib zaug muab Budapest kev kho kom haum xeeb hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm Transylvanian kev tsis sib haum nrog Romania.
Raws li Matthias Rakosi, uas dhau los ua lub taub hau ntawm Hungary twb nyob rau xyoo 1947, tom qab sau tseg hauv nws phau ntawv sau cia, Budapest thiab Bucharest tau pom zoo rau kev kho kom haum xeeb tsis ntev tom qab kev ua haujlwm German ntawm Czechoslovakia thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1939. Tab sis cov xwm txheej tom ntej hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj tau coj qhov tseeb tias Tsuas muaj ob qhov kev sib tham ntawm kev sib tham hauv tebchaws Poland.
Qhov kev piav qhia meej thiab meej tshaj plaws ntawm Berlin cov teeb meem nrog Budapest tau hais hauv qhov paub zoo German Weiss txoj phiaj xwm, pom zoo los ntawm Hitler rov qab rau lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1939: "… Sab German tsis suav nrog Hungary ua phooj ywg yam tsis muaj kev txwv."
Raws li qhov kev ntsuas Hungarian ntawm Warsaw txoj cai rau Berlin thiab Moscow, "Poland, nrog nws qhov kev ua tsis ncaj ncees, tau kos npe nws tus kheej qhov kev txiav txim ntau dua li lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939. Twb yog thaj chaw, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam German kev txeeb chaw yam tsis tau txais kev pab los ntawm USSR, "tau sau tseg tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Hungary (Lub Ob Hlis 1939 - Lub Peb Hlis 1941) Pal Teleki de Secky.
"Tab sis Warsaw," raws li nws tau hais tseg, "nyiam tua tus kheej, thiab USSR tsis tuaj yeem tso cai rau Wehrmacht mus txog lub nroog loj hauv Soviet ze rau ciam teb Poland-Soviet. Yog li ntawd, kev sib cog lus ntawm Soviet-German yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua. Nws yuav tsis muaj yog tias Warsaw tau txiav txim siab txog cov phiaj xwm tiag, kev ua ntawm Nazis thiab cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nrog USSR, uas tsis txaus siab rau German kev ua phem nyob ze nws ciam teb."
Raws li qhov kev nkag siab nkag siab txog kev tswjfwm kev nom kev tswv, Hungarian cov tub ceev xwm thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 7 tsis kam tso cai rau Berlin hla hla ob (tag nrho) Wehrmacht kev sib cais mus rau ciam teb nrog Poland thiab rau Slovakia. Qhov tseeb no tau muab coj los rau hauv tus lej tau hais tseg ntawm Marshal Rydz -Smigla thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 17 - "… Kuv xaj kom thim rov qab mus rau Romania thiab Hungary los ntawm txoj kev luv tshaj plaws."
Tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog hla Hungary, txawm hais tias txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Berlin, txog 25 txhiab tus tub rog Polish thiab cov pej xeem hla mus rau Romania thiab Yugoslavia thaum ib nrab lub Cuaj Hli. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov kev xav tau tiag tiag manic Polish, tej zaum, tsuas yog rau "kev khiav tawm" ntawm Poland xyoo 1939. Txhais thiab piv txwv …
