"Cov pej xeem hauv nroog tau saib xyuas cov neeg raug txim txawv. Qee leej tau thov txim rau lawv thiab txawm pub zaub mov rau lawv, lwm tus, ua rau cov neeg hlub ploj hauv kev ua rog, ntxub lawv. Muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntaus neeg German. " © Sergey Selivanovsky, "Cov neeg German hauv Izhevsk".
Kab lus kawg ntawm Schmeisser tau ua tiav tiag thaum Lub Yim Hli 17, tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kawg tseem nyob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau nws, Kuv tau tsim kev txaus siab rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm Dr. Werner Gruner - raws li qhov ua tiav thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus kheej ntawm Hugo Schmeisser. Thaum sawv ntxov hnub tim 18 kuv tau mus rau Izhmash History Museum. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, Alexei Alekseevich Azovsky, tau muab cov ntaub ntawv rau kuv txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim tsheb maus taus, uas tau tsim cov kev sim phom loj ntawm Kalashnikov. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua yeeb yaj kiab, ntxiv rau, cov lus nug tau nug txog tus kheej thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub neej ntawm Werner Gruner thiab nws cov menyuam. Kuv xav kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv los ntawm Galina Arkadyevna Kovalyukh, tus kws tshaj lij kws tshaj lij rau kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Nws tau qhia kuv phau ntawv ntawm Gruner thiab, thaum kuv tab tom saib nws, rub daim nplaub tshev los ntawm lub txee dai khaub ncaws. "Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Gruner ntawm no," nws hais thiab muab daim nplaub tshev rau kuv. Thaum kuv saib cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob hauv, kuv paub tias Schliemann zoo li cas thaum nws khawb nws Troy. Muaj cov ntawv theej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv German ntawm Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant! Kuv pom tau tias tag nrho kuv cov kab lus kawg tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tsuas yog ib daim ntawv los ntawm daim nplaub tshev no. Tab sis qhov zoo yuav tsis ploj. Kuv txiav txim siab tawm ntawm tsab xov xwm raws li nws tau sau, nrog qhov ntxiv me me thaum kawg.
Yog li ntawm no yog tsab xov xwm.
Kuv tau sau daim ntawv tsis txaus siab rau Kalashnikov kev txhawj xeeb nrog thov kom muab sijhawm rau tshawb cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev nyob tom qab tsov rog nyob ntawm cov kws kho tshuab German ntawm Izhmash cog. Hauv kev teb, qhov kev txhawj xeeb tau tshaj tawm tias nws tau tsis kam khaws lub Hoobkas cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, thiab Lub Xeev Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Udmurtia tshaj tawm tias nws tsis muaj chaw khaws cov ntaub ntawv no.
Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev debunking ntawm cov lus dab neeg hais txog qhov tsaus ntuj Teutonic ntse uas zais zais cov khoom siv phom nrov hauv Izhevsk qhov taub tsis muaj lub mos txwv. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi uas cov kws kho phom German ua hauv Izhmash. Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv paub ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - tus yam ntxwv ntawm Hugo Schmeisser, kos npe los ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj rau Human Resources Mukhamedov - tau tshaj tawm qhov cuav los ntawm kev ua phem phem. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj tseeb kom nkag tau mus rau Izhmash cov ntawv khaws cia, tab sis kom pom muaj cov duab kos ntawm lub tshuab nrog kos npe ntawm Schmeisser lossis Gruner - txawm tias ntau dua.
Tab sis qhov muck tsis poob, tab sis qhov tseeb tshwm sim. Muaj tseeb, nws tsis yog qhov koj xav tau.
Folke Myrvang, tus kws tshawb fawb Canadian nrog Scandinavian lub xeem, tau tshaj tawm ob-ntim "German tshuab rab phom thoob ntiaj teb" mob siab rau German tshuab rab phom los ntawm MG08 txog M3. Cia peb them khoom plig rau Murwang - tsuas yog cov duab loj, cov ntaub ntawv txaus. Kev khawb av yog qhov tob heev, piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Czech lub tshuab rab phom chambered rau qhov nruab nrab nrawm 8 mm cartridge.
Zoo, txij li lub tshuab rab phom German, yog li, ntawm chav kawm, MG-42 yog rab phom tshuab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Yog tias MG-42, tom qab ntawd nws tus kws sau ntawv Werner Gruner. Yog tias Gruner, tom qab ntawd Izhevsk, thiab yog li Schmeisser. Thiab ib pawg ntawm cov phiaj xwm!
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm lawv lub tebchaws ib txwm tsis muaj rau cov pej xeem zoo ib yam ntawm Lavxias Lavxias. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj qhov kev thov yuav tsis teb. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, lawv feem ntau yuav tshaj tawm qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntawv khaws cia. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus nqi keeb kwm tuaj yeem pom hauv Is Taws Nem lossis hauv phau ntawv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sab hnub poob. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau tshaj tawm tsis qhia npe, tsis tau hais qhia qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas tus sau tau nkag mus rau qhov qub thiab qhov twg yog thawj qhov tam sim no. Qhov no nkag siab tau, txwv tsis pub tus neeg tsis qhia npe no yuav muaj teeb meem, yog tias tsis nrog tus neeg ua txhaum cai, tom qab ntawd nrog rau txoj cai tswj hwm, zoo, lossis yooj yim yuav raug ncaws tawm haujlwm.
Cia peb rov qab mus rau qhov kev kawm. Ntxiv rau cov duab kos hauv Myurwang phau ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg los ntawm Izhmash cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws tau nthuav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem. Feem ntau lawv yuav tsim los ntawm Norbert Moczarski phau ntawv "Hugo Schmeisser: zwischen Tabu und Legende", thiab lawv tau mus rau Mosharski tsis yog tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm tus kws sau xov xwm nto moo Ilya Shaidurov. Xijpeem, cia saib cov ntaub ntawv no.
Thawj daim ntawv yog "Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm tus thawj tsim qauv ntawm tsob ntoo No. 74".
Yog li, cov neeg German tau ua haujlwm raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Ministry of Armaments los ntawm 1946 txog 1948. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1949, thiab raws li qhov ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm, muaj xov xwm rau cov thawj coj siab. Nws yuav yog qhov nthuav los saib ob txoj haujlwm nws tus kheej thiab qhia nws tus kheej. Tej zaum menyuam yaus lossis xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav tsis pom lawv hauv lwm qhov chaw, tab sis yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Lub sijhawm no, txij li Lub Ib Hlis 1949, "ib pawg kws tshaj lij tau siv hauv kev ua haujlwm tam sim no, xws li: tsim cov cuab yeej, teeb tsa, kho kom zoo dua qub, thiab lwm yam." ", Tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam nrog Hugo Schmeisser nws tau hais ncaj qha -" nws tsis kam tsim ua haujlwm. " Tau kawg, raws li kuv twb tau sau, Schmeisser tsis tau tawm ntawm nws lub taub hau, sib piv rau tib Volmer, tsis muaj "kev hloov pauv" lossis "kev hloov khoom siv", tsuas yog siv riam phom. Txawm tias thaum lub plab khoob.
Tam sim no Schmeisser tsab ntawv los ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1947, thaum tsob ntoo kev tswj hwm, rau kev tsis kam tsim qauv ua haujlwm, tau tsim cov nyiaj hli tsim nyog rau nws.
Peb txaus siab rau ib pliag. Qhov no: "Raws li tus neeg tsim khoom, kuv muaj ntau yam patents. … Hauv thaj tsam ntawm rab phom tsis siv neeg hauv pab tub rog German, kuv tus qauv tsim MP-18-1 / Bergmann / txij xyoo 1918 tau paub. " Hugo! Tab sis dab tsi txog Stg-44 lossis, qhov phem tshaj, Mkb-42 (H)?! Tsis yog lo lus. Kuv pom tsuas yog ib qho Schmeisser patent cuam tshuam nrog Sturmgewer. Qhov no yog daim ntawv pov thawj rau Stg-44 breech ejector. Tej zaum tsis yog txhua daim ntawv pov thawj tau raug digitized thiab tso tawm? Tab sis, koj yuav tsum pom zoo, hauv tsab ntawv no - thiab tsis hais txog koj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo li "tus tsim", "tus neeg ua ntej" thiab "tus neeg tos" ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua phem rau riam phom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab daim cartridge, yog ntau dua li coj txawv txawv!
Tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov duab kos hauv Myurwang phau ntawv, nws tau pom meej tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Arms yog dab tsi. Cov neeg German tau txhim kho tag nrho cov kab me me ntawm caj npab - los ntawm cov phom xa mus rau rab phom tshuab. Nov yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Kurt Horn. Nws rab phom submachine paub zoo rau cov nyeem ntawm Kalashnikov cov ntawv xov xwm (Tsis tau. 9/2006) raws li Yuri Ponomarev kab lus "Horn's Automaton".
Feem ntau yuav, lub tshuab no tsis tuaj rau hauv cov hlau. Yuri Ponomarev sau txog kev sim ua tiav ntawm kev ntes riam phom. Tab sis rab phom Kalashnikov tau raug muab tso rau hauv kev pab, thiab Horn txoj haujlwm tam sim no tsuas yog kev kawm txaus siab.
Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom hais tias, Cov neeg German, tom qab tsim txoj kab riam phom, hloov mus rau txoj haujlwm me. Piv txwv, xws li:
Tsis txhob nyob hauv koj lub rooj zaum. Ua tib zoo mloog kom dav ntawm lub khw. Qhov no tsuas yog lwm qhov kev sim ntawm plaub kab kab sib dhos hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Raws li Dieter Handrich sau, lawv tau sim siv qhov no rov qab rau xyoo 1944 ntawm Henel ruaj khov. Schmeisser tsis yog tus thawj coj tshaj lij nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thiab tsis koom nrog hauv kev tsim qauv. Nws yog "tus thawj coj ntawm Henel ruaj khov." Ntawm qhov luam theej duab, cov ntawv xov xwm tsis muaj lub tshuab pub mis thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tsis muaj lub tswv yim tsim kho plaub-kab noj rau hauv ob kab ua noj ntawm qhov tawm. Schmeisser hauv nws lub khw, rov txhim kho cov mos txwv los ntawm ob kab mus rau ib qho, pom nws tus kheej nyob hauv txoj hauj lwm ruam. Peb tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog kev rov tsim dua plaub kab hauv ob. Hiav txwv, zoo li ib txwm muaj xoom patents. Yog li ntawd, thaum qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshaj tawm txog kev tsim 60 lub khw muag khoom, nws tsuas tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus ntse tshaj ntawm nws cov kws tsim txuj ci lossis ua kom khav theeb ntawm tus uas cuam tshuam cov lus ntawd.
Tsis yog Kuv tsis tau hnov qab txog Schmeisser. Nov yog nws txoj haujlwm ua ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Ministry of Arms:
Nov yog rab phom submachine ntawm Zwai qhov sib txawv. Thaj, muaj lwm qhov version ntawm Aynes. Muab qhov no nrog Schmeisser tsab ntawv, uas nws tsis hais txog nws qhov txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim cov cua daj cua dub, tab sis hais txog nws kev sau ntawv hauv MP-18 / Bergmann /. Sib piv qib kev ua tiav ntawm Schmeisser tus duab kos rau Horn tus duab kos.
Yog li ntawd yog txhua yam. Tseem tshuav cov nkauj hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog Mosharski, Shaidurov, Myurvang thiab ib tus neeg txawv tebchaws uas tsis paub nrog lub npe tsis yog Lavxias - Symonenko, uas tau xa mus rau Murvang scan los ntawm cov duab German. Cov phiaj xwm tam sim no nyob qhov twg? Vim li cas qhov kev sib cav tseem ceeb, thawb tawm qhov kev txhawb nqa zaum kawg los ntawm kev hais lus phem thiab cov neeg dag uas tau sim ua kom tsis txaus siab rau kev khav theeb thiab lub yeeb koob ntawm riam phom Lavxias, tseem tsis tau nthuav tawm hauv tib lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Kalashnikov? Vim li cas thiaj tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau cov khoom siv nruj nre rau ntawm caj pas ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Leej Txiv, xws li Ruchko? Vim li cas Myrvang, Mosharski thiab ntau lwm tus, nrog cov pov thawj pom tseeb, txuas ntxiv rub lub hnab hais txog qee qhov kev koom nrog hauv kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg German hauv kev tsim riam phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th?
Cov ntawv nyeem:
Folke Myrvang, "German Universl Machinenguns, Volume II. Los ntawm MG08 mus rau MG3 ", 2012.
Dieter Handrich, Sturmgewehr 44, 2008.
Norbert Moczarski, "Hugo Schmeisser: zwischen Tabu und Legende".
Xaus ntawm tsab xov xwm.
Yog li, Lub Yim Hli 18, 2014. Nov yog daim ntawv theej ntawm daim ntawv ntawd los ntawm daim nplaub tshev uas Galina Arkadyevna nthuav tawm ntawm kuv xub ntiag.
Yuav hais dab tsi txog daim ntawv no? Schmeisser tau ua siab ncaj thaum nws hais tias nws "tau muab lus qhia rau cov neeg Lavxias." Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, tus thawj coj ntawm tsob ntoo thiab tus neeg koom ua ke lees paub cov lus no ntawm nws. Muaj qhov yuam kev pom tseeb hauv taw tes "c". Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nyeem: "kev tsim qauv ntawm lub khw rau phom 1891 tau tsim los lawm." Zoo, thiab taw tes "d" yog cov qauv tsim ntawm rab phom submachine, uas peb tau pom dua ntawm Myurwang.
Nov yog ib ntawm kaum tsib tus yam ntxwv tawm los ntawm lub hoobkas ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm MGB thaum lub Cuaj Hli 1951. Tam sim no sib piv cov haujlwm ua los ntawm Hugo Schmeisser thiab qhov ua haujlwm tiav los ntawm Karl Barnitzke:
Zoo siab? Yog li txoj haujlwm ntawm rab phom submachine ntawm "Aynes" sib txawv tau pom.
Tej zaum yog tag nrho. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav tsis tas yuav nrhiav qhov khoom cuav los ua pov thawj tias tus kws tsim qauv German tsis muaj dab tsi los cuam tshuam nrog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum. Yog li zoo dua. Lawv yuav pom cov ncauj lus nthuav ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej.
Ua tsaug rau cov uas nws lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig kuv tau siv:
- Aleksey Alekseevich Azov - Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Izhmash Tsev khaws puav pheej, - Kovalyukh Galina Arkadyevna - engineer ntawm NTI ntawm tib lub tsev khaws puav pheej, - Sergei Nikolaevich Selivanovsky, - Lobanova Margarita Vladimirovna - tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Izhevsk industrial technical school, - Mikhail aka stannifer, - Andrey Timofeev, - Kulikova Natalia.
