Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub

Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub
Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub

Video: Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub

Video: Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub
Video: Tub cev xwb tshaj lij 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tsim hauv USSR thaum kawg ntawm 30s, 14, 5x114-mm cartridge tau ua tiav siv thoob plaws kev ua tsov rog hauv phom tiv thaiv phom ntawm PTRD thiab PTRS.

Cov mos txwv BS -41 nrog cov hlau -cov tub ntxhais uas siv los ntawm cov phom no muaj cov cuab yeej nkag mus raws qhov qub: ntawm 300 m - 35 mm, ntawm 100 m - 40 mm.

Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, thiab tseem ua kom muaj kev nkag mus ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm lub tank nruab nrab German Pz. IV thiab cov phom tua tus kheej tau tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus, uas tau siv txij thawj hnub mus txog hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog tiv thaiv.

Txawm li cas los xij, phom tiv thaiv lub tank ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov tsheb hnyav. Tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tuab, lawv muaj peev xwm tsoo lub kab ntsig, ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj, tsoo cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag, cuam tshuam lub turret, lossis tua phom.

Kev paub siv lub tshuab tiv thaiv lub tank thaum ua tsov rog qhia tau tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm txog rau Lub Xya Hli 1943, thaum cov yeeb ncuab siv lub teeb thiab nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm peb cov tub rog tau ua tsis zoo nrog cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank..

Yav tom ntej, lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam maj mam poob qis, tab sis lawv txuas ntxiv siv los tua cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus tua. Muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov PTRs hauv cov tub rog tau poob qis, thiab txij li Lub Ib Hlis 1945, lawv cov khoom raug tso tseg.

Hauv kev ua haujlwm qub ntawm DN Bolotin, "Soviet Small Arms", tsab ntawv tau hais los ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej mus rau tus kws tsim qauv nto moo VA Degtyarev thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, 1942: "Peb feem ntau raug ntxias los ntawm kev xav ntawm qhov ua tau zoo li cas riam phom phom tiv thaiv lub tank yuav tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam … yuav yog riam phom txiav txim siab tua hluav taws hauv kev tua cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem nws lub zog."

Lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsis yog qhov tshiab - nws hnub rov qab mus rau Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 20s-thaum ntxov 30s, cov tshuab rab phom loj tau tsim los rau hauv tus lej "tiv thaiv dav hlau" thiab "tiv thaiv lub tank" xav tau. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1929, Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm USSR tau tshaj tawm rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Hauv Nroog ntawm All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) tias "txoj kev saws me nyuam ntawm cov tub rog riam phom ntawm Red Army muab rau kev qhia rau yav tom ntej … rab phom tshuab rab phom loj-los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab cov yeeb ncuab huab cua, muaj peev xwm 18-20 hli."

Txawm li cas los xij, Red Army tau txais 12.7 mm DShK rab phom tshuab. Tab sis xyoo 1938, muaj zog dua 14.5 mm cartridge, tsim los siv rau hauv riam phom tsis siv neeg, twb tau tshwm sim, thiab tau npaj siab los tsim 14.5 mm rab phom tshuab ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, yam tsis tau mus ntxiv dua li cov qauv, thiab cov cartridges tshiab tau siv ua cov mos txwv rau phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

Thaum ua tsov rog, nws tau tsim los tsim cov phom loj uas muaj phom loj rau tua tsis yog ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv xwb, tabsis tseem muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv sib sau ua ke, cov yeeb ncuab tua cov phom ntawm thaj tsam li 1500 meters. Cov riam phom no kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev tawm tsam qhov siab qhov siab los ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv phom.

Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog ntxiv rau 12.7-mm DShK nrog rab phom tshuab nrog rab phom loj tiv thaiv cov phom loj, zoo dua rau Degtyarev thiab Shpagin cov riam phom ntau thiab qhov siab. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1942, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Loj tau pom zoo txog kev siv tswv yim thiab kev xav tau rau rab phom tshuab 14.5 hli.

Kev sim tsim cov riam phom zoo li no raws li kev daws teeb meem siv hauv DShK tsis ua tiav. Qhov siab siab tsim los ntawm 14.5 mm cartridge ua rau lub tshuab tsis siv neeg lub tshuab roj ntse, ua rau nws nyuaj rau rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tas, lub hauv paus muaj txoj sia nyob tau qis thaum tua nrog cov phom phom.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo 1943, SV Vladimirov (1895-1956), ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Lub Chaw Tsim Khoom, pib txhim kho nws tus kheej lub tshuab rab phom, ua raws nws lub hauv paus 20-mm B-20 lub dav hlau phom nrog lub tshuab rov tuaj lub cav (xyoo 1942, rab phom no poob rau B-20 Berezina).

Nyob rau hauv Vladimirov lub tshuab rab phom loj-caliber, kev siv lub tshuab tau siv lub zog rov qab los nrog lub zog luv luv. Lub thoob tau xauv thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj los ntawm kev tig lub clutch tsau rau lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj; sab hauv sab hauv ntawm kev sib txuas tau muaj cov hlua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntu ntu sib txuas, uas, thaum tig mus, koom nrog cov lugs sib xws ntawm lub breech ntawm lub thoob. Kev sib hloov ntawm cov clutch tshwm sim thaum tus pin hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog cov duab txiav hauv tus txais. Lub thoob yog hloov pauv sai, muab ntim rau hauv cov hlau uas muaj qhov khoob thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm rab phom tshuab ua ke nrog lub casing, uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tuav ntawm lub casing. Cov cartridges tau pub los ntawm cov kab xev hlau nrog kaw qhov txuas, sau los ntawm cov uas tsis tawg rau 10 daim cartridges txhua. Kev sib txuas ntawm daim kab xev yog ua los ntawm daim cartridge.

Tshuab rab phom hnyav, kg: 52, 3

Ntev, hli: 2000

Ntev ntev, hli: 1346

Tus nqi hluav taws, ncig / min: 550-600

Twb tau nyob rau lub Ob Hlis xyoo 1944, rab phom rab phom Vladimirov nrog lub khoos phis tawj niaj hnub Kolesnikov tau siv los ntsuas ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Caj Npab Me thiab Cug.

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1944, GAU thiab Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Cheeb Tsam ntawm Kev Ua Tub Rog tau xaj lub Hoobkas naj npawb 2 los tsim 50 rab phom tshuab thiab ib qho kev tiv thaiv dav hlau rau kev sim ua tub rog. Lub tshuab rab phom tau txais lub npe KPV-44 ("Vladimirov lub tshuab rab phom loj loj. 1944"). Lub tshuab rab phom thiab rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau txais mus rau kev sim tub rog tam sim tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj - thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo 1948, KPV-44 tau sim ntawm lub tshuab ua tub rog ntawm ntau lub tshuab-G. S. Garanin (KB-2), G. P. Markov (OGK cog tus lej 2), S. A. Kharykina (Leningrad OKB-43) thiab Kuibyshev Tshuab-Tsev cog. Qhov kev xaiv kawg poob rau Kharykin tshuab, hloov kho hauv Kovrov ntawm KB-2.

Lub phom loj rab phom Vladimirov tau siv tsuas yog xyoo 1949, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tshuab rab phom me me ntawm Kharykin lub log lub tshuab (raws li lub npe PKP-Loj-muaj peev xwm Me Me Tshuab rab phom ntawm Vladimirov system).

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Lub tshuab rab phom tshiab siv cov mos txwv yav tas los siv hauv PTR:

B-32-armor-piercing mos txwv nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau, BS-39-armor-tho ລູກ ປືນ nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau, qauv 1939, BS-41-armor-piercing incendiary nrog cov hlau-ceramic core, BZT-44-armor-piercing incendiary-tracer mos txwv mod. 1944, Txhawm rau daws teeb meem tshiab, 14, 5-mm cartridges nrog cov mos txwv tau txais:

ZP-incendiary mos txwv, MDZ-tam sim lub foob pob tawg (tawg), BST-armor-tho-incendiary-hla cov mos txwv.

Lub tes tsho tooj dag tau hloov nrog lub tsho ntsuab uas tsis kim kim lacquered hlau.

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Cov mos txwv hnyav 60-64 gr., Qhov nrawm ntawm rab phom los ntawm 976 txog 1005 m / s. Lub zog muzzle ntawm KPV nce mus txog 31 kJ (rau kev sib piv, 12.7 mm DShK tshuab rab phom tsuas yog 18 kJ, 20 mm ShVAK lub dav hlau phom muaj txog 28 kJ). Lub hom phiaj yog 2000 meters.

KPV ua tiav kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm rab phom tshuab hnyav nrog rau kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

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Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab rab phom me ntawm lub tshuab log tsis tau siv dav, txawm hais tias nws muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo, qhov loj loj txwv tsis pub siv.

Ntau qhov kev lees paub tau muab rau Anti-Aircraft Machine Gun Installations (ZPU) thiab qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau npaj rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv (KPVT).

Lub tshuab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom ntawm 14.5 mm caliber tau npaj los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau ntawm qhov siab txog 1500 m.

Xyoo 1949, ua ke nrog cov tub rog, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo hauv dav hlau tau txais: ib leeg-barreled ZPU-1, ntxaib ZPU-2, quad ZPU-4.

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ZPU-1

Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm BTR-40, tus kheej-propelled phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm kev txhim kho ZPU-2.

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Ib lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog ob lub KPV tshuab rab phom ntawm 14.5 mm caliber tau teeb tsa ntawm tus ncej hauv lub tub rog. Lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom tshuab yog +90 / kev poob qis - 5 °. Rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, muaj OP-1-14 tsom iav qhov muag pom. plua plav - pom kev sib tsoo VK -4. Cov mos txwv - 1200 puag ncig. Kev teeb tsa tau tswj hwm los ntawm ib tus neeg siv phom siv lub tshuab tsav tsheb.

Hauv xyoo 1950, tau xaj xaj rau kev txhim kho ntawm chav ntxaib rau cov tub rog. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias ZPU-2 tsis sib xws rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog no. Kev sim thaj tsam ntawm kev teeb tsa tau tshwm sim xyoo 1952. Thaum nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1954, nws tau txais lub npe "14.5-mm anti-aircraft machine gun installation ZU-2". Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem raug muab cais ua pob khoom hnyav. Nws muab cov lus qhia azimuth siab dua.

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Vim nws qhov hnyav tsawg thiab ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, ZU-2 tau dhau los ua ib pab tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev thauj mus los ntawm ZPU-1 thiab ZU-2, tsis hais txog ZPU-4 ntawm lub laub log uas muaj plaub lub log hauv thaj chaw roob, qhia txog kev nyuaj.

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Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1953, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim qhov tshwj xeeb me me rau kev teeb tsa rau 14, 5-mm KPV tshuab rab phom, sib cais ua ntu, nqa los ntawm ib tus tub rog.

Kev teeb tsa ua tiav dhau qhov kev xeem hauv xyoo 1956, tab sis tsis nkag mus rau qhov khoom loj.

Nws tau nco txog thaum xyoo 60s, thaum muaj qhov xav tau nrawm rau riam phom zoo li no hauv Nyab Laj.

Cov phooj ywg Nyab Laj tau tig los ua thawj coj ntawm USSR nrog thov kom muab lawv, ntawm lwm hom riam phom, nrog lub teeb phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tua Asmeskas cov dav hlau hauv kev ua rog sib ntaus hauv hav zoov.

ZGU-1 tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov laj thawj no. Nws tau hloov kho sai sai rau lub tank version ntawm Vladimirov KPVT rab phom tshuab (KPV version uas ZGU-1 tau tsim tau raug txiav los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd) thiab xyoo 1967 nws tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Thawj pawg ntawm chav nyob tau npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev xa tawm mus rau Nyab Laj.

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Kev tsim ntawm ZGU-1 yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov hnyav, uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tua hluav taws, ua ke nrog lub thawv ntawv thiab 70 daim cartridges, yog 220 kg, thaum tshem tawm sai (tsis pub dhau 4 feeb) rau hauv qhov hnyav nrog txhua qhov hnyav tsis pub ntau tshaj 40 kg yog kom ntseeg tau.

Tom qab ntawd, thaum tsov rog Afghan, lub peev xwm ntawm ZSU-1 tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Afghan mujahideen.

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Muaj lub sijhawm kom tau txais Western-ua phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, lawv nyiam Suav Suav ntawm ZGU-1. Ua tsaug rau nws rau nws lub zog hluav taws kub siab, kev ntseeg tau thiab kev cog lus.

Hauv cov tub rog, nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog, lub tshuab rab phom loj tsis tau teeb tsa ntawm cov nkoj loj. Qhov no yog vim, ntawm ib sab, kom nce ntawm kev nrawm thiab kev muaj sia nyob ntawm lub dav hlau, thiab ntawm lwm qhov, kom tshwm sim ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau zoo. Tab sis 14, 5-mm rab phom tshuab ntawm kem mounts tau siv dav hauv nkoj ntawm txhua chav kawm.

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Yog li, 2M-5 kev teeb tsa tau txais los ntawm lub nkoj torpedo ntawm cov phiaj xwm 123bis thiab 184; 2M -6 - lub nkoj tiv thaiv ntawm txoj haujlwm 191M thiab ib feem ntawm lub nkoj ntawm txoj haujlwm 1204; 2M -7 - nkoj ncig xyuas ntawm "Grif" hom phiaj xwm 1400 thiab phiaj xwm 368T, cov neeg saib xyuas cov phiaj xwm 151, 361T, thiab lwm yam.

Hauv 70s, lub nkoj tau tsoo los ntawm rab phom 14.5 hli Vladimirov ntawm lub tshuab log. Lub sijhawm ntawd, coob tus nkoj pirate tau tshwm sim hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Indian hauv cov dej uas nyob ib sab nrog Somalia thiab Ethiopia. Yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab phom tshuab tub rog rau ntawm hydrographic lossis lwm lub nkoj pabcuam los tiv thaiv lawv.

Xyoo 1999, ntawm MAKS-99 kev nthuav qhia, 14.5-mm naval pedestal tshuab-phom mount MTPU tau nthuav tawm, tsim los ntawm 14.5-mm KPVT rab phom tshuab (Vladimirov lub tshuab hnyav tank tshuab). Kev teeb tsa yog ua los ntawm Kovrov cog npe tom qab. Degtyareva.

Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub
Loj-caliber tshuab rab phom Vladimirov. Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub

Lub cev ntawm rab phom tshuab muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis piv rau rab phom Vladimirov hauv 2M-5, 2M-6 thiab 2M-7 kev teeb tsa. Cov mos txwv thiab ballistics yog tib yam. Cua txias ntawm lub tshuab rab phom. Lub tshuab rab phom KPVT tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov tig, uas tig rau ntawm lub hauv paus teeb. Phau ntawv qhia kev tsav.

Qhov kev hloov kho ntau tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom tshuab yog cov qauv npaj rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv.

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Lub tank ntawm KPV lub tshuab rab phom, nqa lub npe KPVT (Vladimirov lub phom loj lub tshuab rab phom loj), tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub plawv dhia ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Lub hau npog tau nthuav dav los pab txhawb kev kho lub tshuab rab phom. Txwv tsis pub, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li CPV.

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Thaum xub thawj, KPVT tau teeb tsa hauv tsev hnyav T-10 tso tsheb hlau luam, qhov uas nws nyob hauv ib lub turret, hauv rab phom ntxaib nrog rab phom 122 mm thiab zoo li rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ntawm lub tank tus thawj coj lub hauv paus. Txij li xyoo 1965, KPVT yog lub riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov log tsheb hauv tsev BTR, pib nrog BTR-60PB tus qauv, ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv tub rog thiab tiv thaiv tsheb ntawm tus qauv thib ob BRDM-2.

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Hauv cov neeg nqa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog (BTR-60PB, BTR-70, BTR-80) thiab BRDM-2 KPVT tau teeb tsa hauv kev sib koom ua ke sib hloov ntauwd, ua ke nrog ntxaib 7.62 hli Kalashnikov PKT tshuab rab phom.

Tsis ntev los no, KPVT tau pib muab txoj hauv kev, ntawm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog hauv tsev BTR-80A thiab BTR-82, rab phom 30-mm tau teeb tsa ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb.

Lub phom hnyav ntawm Vladimirov tau siv tau zoo hauv ntau qhov teeb meem loj thiab me hauv zos.

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Feem ntau teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua hauv tsev turrets thiab cov tsheb pej xeem.

Nws tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim cov tsos ntawm cov tsheb niaj hnub sab hnub poob.

Raws li kev paub dhau los ntawm Nyab Laj cov xwm txheej, qhov twg CPV nkag tau yooj yim rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg Amelikas loj tshaj plaws M113 cov tub rog tiv thaiv, txij xyoo 1970 txog rau tam sim no, xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws 14, 5-mm tshuab rab phom.

Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau no, tuab ntawm ob sab ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus yog 35-45 hli ntawm cov hlau ua homogeneous. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj rau yuav luag ob npaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub ntsiab NATO BMPs txheeb ze rau Soviet BMPs.

Txog tam sim no, nws tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv ntiaj teb, Belgian FN BRG 15 chambered rau 15, 5x106 mm, yeej tsis tau nkag mus rau ntau lawm.

Hauv Suav teb, nws tus kheej version ntawm KPV tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom, suav nrog daim kab xev rau 80 daim kab xev, qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv daim kab xev pub lub tshuab, thiab cov kab tav tav. Lub tshuab rab phom no nrog lub cev hnyav ntawm 165 kg feem ntau yog siv ua phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Hauv Suav teb, ntau yam 14, 5-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom tshuab tau tsim. Hom 56 yog qhov ua tau zoo ib yam li ZPU-4, Hom 58-ZPU-2, Hom 75-ZPU-1 ntawm kev teeb tsa lub log tsheb. Hom 75 thiab nws kev hloov kho Hom 75-1 tau muab rau ntau lub tebchaws.

PLA nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 2002 nrog 14.5 hli QJG 02 phom tshuab hnyav.

Nws tau tsim los tiv thaiv cov dav hlau ya dav hlau thiab cov nyoob hoom qav taub, nrog rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov phom me me hauv av. Lub 14.5 hli QJG 02 phom tshuab hnyav yog lub hom phiaj thaum kawg hloov Hom 58 tshuab rab phom ntawm tib lub peev xwm hauv kev pabcuam nrog PLA.

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Rau kev xa tawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm Hom 02 hnyav tshuab rab phom tau thov hauv qab kev tsim QJG 02G, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab, uas muaj cov log log uas tso cai rau rub lub tshuab rab phom tom qab lub tsheb.

Txawm hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog muaj txiaj ntsig (xyoo tom ntej CPV yuav muaj 70 xyoo), lub tshuab rab phom, vim nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo thiab kis tau tus mob ntau ntxiv, tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam. Thiab nws muaj txhua lub sijhawm los ua kev zoo siab nws lub hnub nyoog 100 xyoos nyob rau qib.

Pom zoo: