California Polygons (Ntu 1)

California Polygons (Ntu 1)
California Polygons (Ntu 1)

Video: California Polygons (Ntu 1)

Video: California Polygons (Ntu 1)
Video: hlub tsis khuv xim txoj sia Part 3 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob rau sab hnub poob sab hnub poob ntawm Asmeskas lub xeev California, hauv Mojave Desert, muaj lub Chaw Pabcuam Dav Hlau Loj Tshaj Plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas - Edwards Air Force Base. Lub hauv paus yog npe tom qab Asmeskas tub rog tsav dav hlau Captain Glen Edwards. Tus kws tsav dav hlau no txawv nws tus kheej thaum sib ntaus hauv North Africa. Ya hauv ob lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws Douglas A-20 Havoc (hauv USSR nws tau hu ua "Boston"), Glen Edwards, ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw siab, ua ntau dua 50 qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank German thiab thauj txhua kab, foob pob ua haujlwm ntawm German artillery, warehouses, txuas hniav thiab airfields. Xyoo 1943, tus kws tsav dav hlau no tau rov qab los rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov uas nws tau koom nrog hauv kev sim cov dav hlau tshiab.

Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, California Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb tau paub tias yog Muroc Army Air Field. Ntawm no, Asmeskas cov tub rog tau sim lub dav hlau tshiab tshaj plaws, npaj rau kev saws me nyuam, nrog rau cov qauv thiab cov qauv. Tau muaj txoj sia nyob hauv cov tub rog nqaij grinder, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Glen Edwards tuag tom qab kev ua tsov rog; thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, 1948, nws tau tsoo hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm tus qauv Northrop YB-49 dav hlau foob pob. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1949, hauv kev lees paub qhov zoo ntawm Captain Edwards, Murok AFB tau txais nws lub npe.

Qhov chaw uas Edwards airbase tam sim no nyob tau zoo heev rau kev tsim kho lub tshav dav hlau loj thiab cov hom phiaj. Lub pas dej Rogers qhuav, nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw nyob loj, tsim tau ib lub tiaj tiaj uas yuav luag zoo nkauj uas txhua hom dav hlau tuaj yeem tsaws tau yam tsis muaj kev txwv. Cov huab cua hauv California, nrog rau hnub tshav ntuj ntau xyoo, yog qhov sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsaws dav hlau raws li kev nyab xeeb hauv dav hlau. Txhua qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias nyob hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tsoomfwv tseem tabtom pib yuav av hauv thaj chaw no. Thaum xub thawj, ntawm no, nyob deb ntawm qhov muag qhov muag, nws tau npaj los sim hom tshiab ntawm riam phom dav hlau - feem ntau yog cov foob pob loj. Thawj qhov kev foob pob ntawm cov hom phiaj uas tau ua nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej tau tshwm sim xyoo 1935. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis deb ntawm Happy Lower Riding Club ranch, kev tsim kho ntawm thawj txoj kev khiav tau pib. Xyoo 1937, qhov kev tawm tsam loj hauv av tau tshwm sim ntawm no, thaum lub sijhawm Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo siab rau txhua qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw no. Raws li tus tsim ntawm lub hauv paus, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st tis, Colonel Henry Arnold tau hais tias: "Cov av ntawm lub pas dej qhuav tau zoo li lub rooj ntaus pob tesniv, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, txhua lub dav hlau Asmeskas tuaj yeem tso tau ntawm no." Xyoo 1930s thiab 1940s, cov nyiaj ntau heev nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - $ 120 lab tau siv rau kev yuav thaj chaw ntxiv, kev tsim kho cov peev txheej, kev tsim ua vaj tsev, lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm thiab tsim kev sim kuaj cov tsev tsim khoom. Txoj kev khiav ntev 3600 m.

Tsis ntev tom qab Nyij Pooj tawm tsam Pearl Harbor hauv California, B-18 Bolo, A-29 Hudson thiab B-25 Mitchell cov foob pob ntawm 41st Bomber Air Group tau tsiv los ntawm Davis Montana mus rau Arizona. Ntawm Murok airbase, ntau qhov kev qhia tawm tau tsim, qhov uas lawv tau cob qhia cov kws tsav dav hlau, cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov neeg foob pob thiab cov kws tshaj lij rau qhov kev foob plaub zaum 4. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1943, B-24 Liberator tau tshwm sim ntawm lub tshav dav hlau thiab tsuas yog cov chav kawm hauv tebchaws uas kawm tiav cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev yees duab saum huab cua tau qhib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj lub dav hlau P-38 xob laim pib tuaj txog hauv Murok rau kev txhim kho los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Feem ntau lub sijhawm ntawm kev qhia rau navigators thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau yog 8-12 lub lis piam. Ua ntej yuav tuaj txog hauv California, cov kws tsav dav hlau yav tom ntej tau kawm kev qhia dav hlau hauv lub teeb biplane ntawm thawj lub tsev kawm cob qhia.

Tom qab pib ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus rov ua haujlwm, Air Force hais kom yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw sib cais los ntsuas cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Tus qauv ntawm thawj tus neeg Asmeskas lub dav hlau tua rog, Tswb Aircraft P-59 Airacomet, tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw sim chaw nyob ntawm ntug hiav txwv ntawm lub pas dej ntsev qhuav thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 21, 1942, thiab thawj lub davhlau tau ua hauv 8 hnub.

California Polygons (Ntu 1)
California Polygons (Ntu 1)

Dav hlau P-59 Airacomet nrog P-63 Kingcobra

Txawm li cas los xij, P-59 tsis ua raws li qhov xav tau. Raws li nws cov ntaub ntawv davhlau, thawj lub dav hlau Asmeskas dav hlau tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo dua lub dav hlau nrog pab pawg uas tau tsav lub zog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, P-59 Airacomet tau tsim ua ntu me me tau siv tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia ua haujlwm.

Ib puag ncig ntawm Murok airbase tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sim thawj lub nkoj Asmeskas caij nkoj Northrop JB-1. Kev tsim cov phiaj xwm pib tom qab Askiv tau qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog German "ya foob pob" V-1 ("Fieseler-103").

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JB-1

Rau nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, lub nkoj caij nkoj tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus Bat. Tsis zoo li German "V", JB-1 muaj thaj tsam tis loj thiab zoo li lub dav hlau uas muaj puv ntoob. Thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm, uas tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, tau xaus rau qhov tsis ua tiav. Lub dav hlau tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb tau tsoo, nyuam qhuav tawg tawm ntawm lub chaw tso khoom. Tsis ntev los no tau pom meej tias qhov tsim ntawm "puav" tsis pom zoo, thiab cov tub rog tsis txaus siab rau tus qauv no.

Xyoo 1944, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus, kev tsim kho tau pib ntawm ob txoj kab nrog qhov ntev ntawm 600 thiab 3000 metres rau hauv av ntsuas kev ntsuas nrawm ntawm dav hlau thev naus laus zis thiab khoom siv cawm.

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Xyoo 1959, txoj kab thib peb nrog qhov ntev ntawm 6100 meters tau tshwm sim, uas UGM-27 Polaris SLBM cov cav tau sim. Tam sim no, txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau ntawm 300 thiab 6100 metres ntev tau raug muab tshem tawm, thiab cov qauv peb-kilometers nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub hauv paus raug tso tseg.

Tom qab qhov kev ua tsov rog xaus, lub tshav dav hlau tau pauv mus rau qhov muab pov tseg ntawm Cov Khoom Siv thiab Kev Qhia Txuj Ci. Xyoo 1945, Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star lub dav hlau tua rog, nrog rau kev paub dhau los Ua ke Vultee XP-81 nrog lub zog sib zog ua haujlwm, tau sim ntawm lub tshav dav hlau.

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TXP-81

XP-81, tsim los ua tus pab tua hluav taws ntev, ya ntawm kev caij nkoj siv V-1650-7 Merlin piston cav, thiab tsim lub cav GE J33 turbojet thaum lub sijhawm huab cua sib ntaus. Txawm hais tias tus kws tshaj lij tau tsim kev nrawm ntawm 811 km / h thaum sim, ntau lub dav hlau tshuab tau zoo ntawm txoj kev, thiab nws tsis mus ua ntu zus.

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1946, thawj tsab qauv ntawm koom pheej F-84 Thunderjet tus dav hlau tuaj txog ntawm lub tshav dav hlau. Piv rau XP-81, lub dav hlau no tau ua tiav cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog, thiab xyoo 1947 nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Kev ua haujlwm hauv cov chav sib ntaus tau nthuav tawm cov teeb meem nrog lub cav thiab lub zog tsis txaus ntawm lub tis, uas nyob rau hauv lem xav tau kev ntsuas ntxiv thiab tsim kev hloov kho tshiab. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tau daws nyob rau xyoo 1949 nrog F-84D kev hloov pauv.

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F-84B

Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws-tis, uas muaj qhov nrawm dua thiab ua kom zoo dua ntsug maneuver, Thunderjet tau muab cais ua cov dav hlau tua rog. Hauv lub luag haujlwm no, F-84 tau hla tag nrho Tsov Rog Kauslim thiab tau hloov pauv mus rau NATO cov phoojywg.

Hauv kev sib tw nrog kev sim ua qauv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub dav hlau npaj rau kev tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj tau sim ntawm lub tshav dav hlau. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1946, Tswb X-1 foob pob hluav taws tau xa mus rau California.

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Cov foob pob hluav taws X-1

Kev tsim qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej no nrog lub tshuab ua kom lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws ua haujlwm ntawm cawv thiab cov pa oxygen tau pib xyoo 1944 los kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsav dav hlau. Txhawm rau tso X-1, "siv huab cua" tau siv, lub cuab yeej tau nce mus rau saum huab cua hauv qab plab ntawm B-29 lub foob pob tshwj xeeb tau yoog raws qhov no, thiab lub dav hlau tau pib ua pa.

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Kev ncua X-1 rau cov dav hlau nqa khoom

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 14, 1947, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Chuck Yeager tau tshaj lub suab nrawm ntawm X-1 thawj zaug. Txog thaum pib xyoo 1949, ntau dua 70 qhov kev xaiv tau ua hauv X-1. Thaum lub davhlau ntawm kev hloov kho thawj zaug, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov nrawm ntawm 1,500 km / h thiab qhov siab ntawm 21,000 meters. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm X-1, tau hloov kho ntau yam ntxiv, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm cawm tus tsav, txhim kho lub cav thiab txhim kho lub cev muaj zog, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv cua sov.

Peb yuav tsum them khoom plig rau lub siab tawv ntawm Asmeskas cov kws sim sim uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai hauv dav hlau uas tsis tau pib muaj rooj zaum tshem tawm.

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X-1A

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsim qauv X-1 tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab-40s, lub neej voj voog ntawm cov dav hlau foob pob hluav taws no tau dhau mus ntev heev. Davhlau ntawm X-1E kev hloov pauv txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1958. Tsis ntev ua ntej qhov kev tso tseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, vim pom tias muaj kab nrib pleb hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, tau nrawm txog 3675 km / h. 50-70 xyoo. Ntawm X-1 cov tsheb, cov kev xaiv rau sab nrauv raug tshem tawm ntawm riam phom thiab kev tiv thaiv cua sov kuj tau sim.

Xyoo 1948, qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub chaw sim sim ya dav hlau tau raug xa mus rau Murok airbase. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov no "tsis tau txhais tes" ntawm Air Force hais kom ua; los ntawm qhov pib ntawm 50s, kev sim thiab sim cov tub rog koom nrog hauv cov haujlwm rau tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau rau kev siv tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim hais kom ua tau tsom rau ntawm no. Hauv California, tshawb fawb dav hlau, lub dav hlau cav thiab lub rooj zaum tshem tawm kuj tau sim. Txij li qhov kev sim ntawm foob pob hluav taws-dav hlau nrog cov tshuab ua lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws tau siv dav, txhawm rau sim cov tshuab ntawm lub roob toj siab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub pas dej qhuav thaum ntxov 50s, kev tswj hwm thiab chaw nres tsheb tau tsim, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb rau kev tua hluav taws kev ntsuam xyuas lub dav hlau cav tseem ua haujlwm.

Thawj lub foob pob foob pob npaj rau Lub Tswv Yim Huab Cua hais kom mus sim ntawm Murok yog Northrop YB-49. Lub dav hlau no, raws li nws txoj haujlwm "ya tis", rov ua lub piston YB-35, tab sis muaj 8 Allison J35 turbojet xyaw. Lub dav hlau nrog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa tawm ntawm 87969 kg thiab lub dav ntawm 52, 43 m tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 793 km / h. Lub dav hlau sib ntaus nrog 4500 kg ntawm lub foob pob yog 2600 km.

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YB-49 tawm mus

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, 1948, ib ntawm peb tau tsim YB-49s poob hauv lub dav hlau poob, tua 5 tus neeg ua haujlwm, suav nrog Captain Glen Edwards. Tom qab ntawd, vim yog teeb meem tswj hwm thiab ua haujlwm tsis tau zoo ntawm lub cav, kev tsim kho lub foob pob foob pob tau tso tseg.

Tsis ntev tom qab hloov npe ntawm Murok AFB rau Edwards, kev ua haujlwm loj tau pib ntawm no los nthuav nws thiab hloov pauv nws mus rau hauv lub hauv paus kev sim huab cua rau Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1951, qhov no tau ua tiav thaum Edwards AFB raug xa mus rau Air Force Research and Development Command, tom qab uas tau tsim lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Dav Hlau Dav Hlau thiab Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tsav Dav Hlau.

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Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Hauv Tebchaws Air Force Lub Hauv Paus, Edwards AFB

Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm 50s, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub chaw sim dav hlau yog kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tsav dav hlau, tsom mus kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nrawm thiab dav dav, uas tshwj xeeb tsim lub dav hlau tau siv. Ntawm Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket 20 foob pob ua ntxaij dav hlau, poob los ntawm lub foob pob B-29, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, 1953, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm dua ob npaug.

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Lub sijhawm sib cais ntawm D-558-2 los ntawm lub dav hlau nqa khoom

Zoo li kev sim X-1, D-558-2 Skyrocket siv lub dav hlau cav uas siv cawv thiab kua oxygen. Ib qho ntxiv Vestingauz J-34-40 lub cav turbojet tau muaj los muab kev ywj pheej nce thiab caij nkoj. Ntawm lub dav hlau no, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm lub nrawm dua thiab cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam kev ncua (foob pob thiab tso tsheb hlau luam) ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lub dav hlau tau tshawb xyuas.

Peb xyoos tom qab, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Ivan Kinchelo ntawm Tswb X-2 Starbuster, tsis txaus siab los ntawm B-50 tus foob pob, tswj kom mus txog qhov siab ntawm 38,466 meters. Yav tom ntej, cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm ntawm 3370 km / h ntawm qhov siab ntawm 19000 meters.

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Lub sijhawm sib cais ntawm X-2 foob pob hluav taws dav hlau los ntawm V-50

Lub dav hlau foob pob hluav taws Kh-2 tau dhau los ua thawj tus neeg Asmeskas lub dav hlau, uas tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv cua sov tshwj xeeb ntawm ib feem tshiab tau siv los kov yeej "cov teeb meem cua sov", thiab lub dav hlau kuj tau ua los ntawm cov hlau tiv taus cua sov. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsheb tav xis. Yog li, lub hauv ntej glazing muaj ob lub panes. Cov tsom iav khaws lawv lub zog kom sov li 540 ° C thiab nqus cov duab hluav taws xob.

Hauv 50s, ntau dua 40 hom dav hlau dav hlau dhau los ntawm qhov chaw ntsuas ntawm Edwards AFB. Nrog rau cov neeg tua rog tau txais kev pabcuam thiab raug tsim ua ntu loj: F-86 Saber, F-100 Super Saber, F-101 Voodoo, F-102 Delta Dagger, F-104 Starfighter, F-105 Thunderchief thiab F-106 Delta Dart… Cov Thawj Coj Huab Cua tau txais B-52 Stratofortress thiab B-58 Hustler cov foob pob, nrog rau KS-135 tankers. Nws yog nyob ntawm Edwards airbase uas U-2 lub dav hlau tshawb nrhiav qhov siab, cov tub rog thauj C-130 Hercules thiab C-133 Cargomaster tau pib ua lub neej. Qee lub tsheb tsim hauv 50s tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ruaj khov; cov phiaj xwm foob pob B-52H, kev tshawb nrhiav U-2S, "cov tsheb thauj khoom cua" KS-135 thiab kev hloov kho tshiab kawg ntawm C-130 lub tsheb loj uas muaj kev vam meej tseem tab tom ua haujlwm.

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Satellite duab ntawm Google Ntiaj Teb: B-58, uas tau tsaws tsaws thaum muaj xwm ceev hauv cov suab puam

Ntau lub dav hlau tau rov ua yuam kev tsaws hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub airbase. Yog li, nyob rau suab puam sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus, tseem muaj B-47 Stratojet thiab B-58 Hustler cov foob pob. Tam sim no, cov tsheb loj thiab pom zoo tau siv los ua cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev taug kev.

Nyob rau xyoo 50s lig, txoj haujlwm tau pib hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau kov yeej Mach 4 nrawm thiab qhov siab ntawm 100 km hauv kev tsav dav hlau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov no, tom ntej "foob pob hluav taws dav hlau" X-15, tau tsim tawm raws li "phiaj xwm tso tawm huab cua", tau tsim.

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X-15

Ib lub dav hlau zoo li tus neeg sim sim dav hlau tau ua nws thawj zaug ya thaum Lub Rau Hli 8, 1959. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws teeb tsa tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov siab thiab davhlau nrawm, uas tsis tau tawg txog tam sim no. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 19, 1963, Joseph Walker tau nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 105.9 km, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 3, 1967, William Knight tau nrawm X-15 mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 7273 km / h. Raws li txoj cai, FAI txiav txim siab tias qhov siab ntawm 100 km yog suav tias yog thaj tsam ntawm huab cua. Tab sis txij li xyoo 1960, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nyob ze qhov chaw tau suav tias yog qhov siab tshaj li 80 km thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau uas tshaj qhov pib no muaj txoj cai raug suav hais tias yog cov neeg ya dav hlau. Hauv tag nrho, Kh-15 tshem tawm 199 zaug, thaum 13 lub dav hlau tau ua tiav ntawm qhov siab tshaj 80 km, thiab kab 100 km tau hla ob zaug. Qhov tseeb, X-15 yog lub dav hlau dav hlau, cov kws tsav dav hlau Neil Armstrong thiab Joe Angle tau ya mus rau nws.

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X-15 tom qab xa los ntawm B-52

Kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb B-52 lub foob pob tau siv los ua lub platform rau X-15. Tom qab sib cais los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom dav hlau, X-15 tau nrawm dua siv XLR99 LPRE nrog lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm 254 kN. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cav no, qhov twg ammonia tau siv ua roj, thiab cov pa oxygen yog cov oxidizer, yog lub peev xwm los kho lub zog thiab ntau yam pib. Cov peev txheej ntawm ib lub cav yog 20 pib.

Ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau, ua los ntawm cov cua kub-resistant npib tsib xee alloy, tau npog nrog txheej ablation. Lub hauv paus ntawm tus yam ntxwv zoo muab kev tswj hwm ntawm kev nrawm dua. Kev tsaws tsaws tau nqa los ntawm cov neeg khiav tshwj xeeb hauv ntu ntu ntu, tsaws iav nrog lub log tau tsim ua ntej. Ua ntej tsaws, lub pob zeb qis tau poob. Tsis zoo li lub foob pob hluav taws gliders ntawm cov qauv thaum ntxov, X-15 tau nruab nrog lub rooj zaum tshem tawm, uas yog kev xav kom pab cawm tus tsav ntawm qhov siab ntawm 37 km. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub davhlau, tus kws tsav dav hlau tau nyob hauv qhov chaw kaw. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw siab, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tau coj los ua si, muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab nres ua ntej qhib lub tshuab raj.

Qhov kev cawm dim tau teeb tsa ntawm Kh-15 yeej tsis tau sim dua hauv kev xyaum. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias foob pob hluav taws tau nyab xeeb. Ib ntawm peb tau tsim X-15s thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 191 lub voyage tau tawg hauv huab cua thaum nqis los. Lub wreckage ntawm lub apparatus tau tawg nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 130 km ², sim tsav Michael Adams raug tua. Thaum lub sijhawm sim ya dav hlau X-series, ntau tus neeg tuag thiab raug teeb meem ntau zaus. Tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, tawg thiab hluav taws tau tshwm sim. Yog li, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 12, 1953, thaum lub tshuab X-2 rov rau saum huab cua, thaum lub dav hlau foob pob hluav taws tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw foob pob ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom, muaj kev sib tawg tshwm sim. X-2 sib cais los ntawm tus neeg foob pob tam sim ntawd tau hlawv hauv huab cua. Tua tus tsav dav hlau Hla Ziegler thiab ob tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm B-50, npaj lub foob pob hluav taws rau lub dav hlau. Ua ntej ntawd, ob X-1s tau ploj hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. Daim ntawv thib ob ntawm X-2 kuj tau poob thaum lub sijhawm nqis los vim tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, tus kws tsav dav hlau Milburn Apt raug tshem tawm, tab sis vim muaj kev kub ceev nws tsis tuaj yeem siv lub dav hlau loj. Tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo yog qhov ncaj ncees, thaum lub davhlau ya dav hlau foob pob hluav taws, nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig txog tus cwj pwm ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm kev nrawm dua thiab nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj huab cua, txhawm rau sim lub tshuab kev txhawb nqa lub neej uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw thiab sim lub tswv yim ntawm kev tswj hwm npaj nrog cov tshuab tsis ua haujlwm. Xyoo 1958, tom qab tsim National National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub chaw haujlwm no tau koom nrog hauv kev sim X-15.

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X-24B

NASA kuj tau sim nrog Air Force: M2-F2, M2-F3, HL-10, X-24A thiab X-24B. Txhua yam khoom siv no tau tsim los rau kev ntsuas tswj kev nqes los ntawm qhov siab zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv tau sau thaum lub sijhawm sim tom qab tau siv hauv kev tsim ntawm Space Shuttle qhov rov qab siv tau "chaw thauj mus los". Qee qhov kev sim foob pob hluav taws no tau teeb tsa tam sim no ntawm Edwards Air Force Base Memorial.

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HL-10 ntawm Edwards Air Force Base Memorial

Rau kev sim X-series foob pob hluav taws gliders thiab prototypes ntawm "qhov chaw thauj mus los" nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej ntsev qhuav, sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus huab cua, lub koob yees duab loj loj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntau dua 1 km tau piav qhia, thiab ntau txoj kev khiav tau cim tseg. Ib ntawm lawv nrog qhov ntev ntawm 11, 92 km yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

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Satellite duab ntawm Google Earth: Edwards Air Force Base, saib los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 13 km

Nws yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej ntsev nyob rau xyoo 70s lig uas cov qauv ntawm kev rov siv tau lub dav hlau Enterprise (OV-101) tau tsaws. Nws yeej tsis tau ya mus rau qhov chaw, tab sis tsuas yog siv los xyaum tsaws thiab tsheb thauj mus los.

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Tom qab thawj zaug pib siv lub dav hlau rov qab siv tau Columbia thaum lub Plaub Hlis 12, 1981, Lub Tsheb thauj mus los tau tsaws saum npoo av ntawm lub pas dej ntsev qhuav hauv Arizona. Txoj kev khiav no tau ntev tau pom tias yog txoj kev tso tseg hauv qhov xwm txheej qhov chaw thauj mus los tsis tsaws hauv Florida vim muaj huab cua. Qhov chaw shuttles tau tsaws ntawm txoj kev khiav mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tshav dav hlau 54 zaug, zaum kawg yog Discovery, uas tau tsaws thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, 2009.

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Txhawm rau thauj cov chaw kaw rov qab siv tau, tshwj xeeb tau hloov kho lub dav hlau Boeing-747 nrog cov ntawv txuas rau hauv lub cev sab saud thiab hloov kho lub tog raj siv. Lub rooj tshwj xeeb tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus kom thauj Shuttle mus rau lub dav hlau thauj khoom.

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Ib txhij nrog kev tshawb fawb cov phiaj xwm hauv kev txaus siab ntawm lub koom haum chaw, cov foob pob: B-52H Stratofortress thiab F-111 Aardvark, cov neeg sib ntaus: F-4 Phantom II, thauj tub rog: C-141 Starlifter thiab C-5 dhau los ntawm lub chaw sim tub rog. hauv 60s Galaxy. Kev ya dav hlau ntawm Lockheed YF-12A tau nyiam dav dav; nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuab no uas SR-71 kev kub ceev ceev-siab dav hlau dav hlau tshawb nrhiav tau tsim tom qab. Ntawm Edwards AFB, yuav luag txhua lub dav hlau US Air Force sib ntaus, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws uas tsis pub leej twg paub, tau sim. Yog li, txhawm rau sim "zais cia" F-117, cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Lub Chaw Pabcuam Tub Rog tau xa mus deb ntawm qhov muag pom, mus rau Nevada ntawm lub chaw deb Tonopah airbase.

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F-15A thaum thawj lub davhlau

Hauv 70s, raws li kev paub txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam hauv Middle East thiab Southeast Asia, Tebchaws Meskas tau pib tsim lub cim tshiab ntawm cov dav hlau sib ntaus. Tom qab kev sib tsoo nrog Soviet MiGs, US Air Force command tau hloov kho nws cov kev xav txog kev tawm tsam huab cua. Nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev hais lus nrawm dua, cov neeg tua hluav taws tshiab tau xav tias yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm loj thiab muaj rab phom phom ntawm lub nkoj. Neeg Asmeskas cov lus teb yog F-15 Dav Hlau, lub dav hlau sib tw hnyav nrog lub zog radar thiab cov foob pob nruab nrab. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb, lub dav hlau loj dua tau raug coj los ntawm tus nqi pheej yig ib leeg cav F-16 Sib ntaus Falcon.

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YF-16 thiab YF-17 hauv kev sib tw thaum sib tw sib tw xyoo 1974

Ib txhij nrog tus qauv YF-16, nws ob-cav sib tw YF-17 tau sim ntawm Edwards AFB. Yav tom ntej, lub dav hlau no, poob rau F-16 hauv Air Force, hloov mus rau hauv kev ua tau zoo heev raws li cov neeg tua hluav taws F / A-18 Hornet.

Qhov muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm Asmeskas cov neeg tua phom-foob pob los ntawm cov dav hlau tua hluav taws thiab MANPADS thaum lub sijhawm lawv txhawb nqa huab cua ncaj qha mus rau hauv av hauv Nyab Laj tau qhia tawm qhov xav tau los tsim lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb. Nws tau pom tseeb tias nrog rau kev kub ceev "cua tiv thaiv huab cua" ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus-ntawm-paj huam, xav tau nrawm, tsheb zoo tiv thaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tom qab kev soj ntsuam tag nrho, suav nrog cov ntawm Edwards Air Force Base, A-10 Thunderbolt II nres dav hlau tau nkag rau hauv xyoo 1977.

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AW-10A

Hauv 70s, cov foob pob tseem ceeb ntawm B-52 Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb tau dhau los ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub zog tiv thaiv Soviet tiv thaiv huab cua hnyav. Yog li ntawd, tus foob pob nrog rau thaj tsam sib cuam tshuam tau xav tau, muaj peev xwm nqa tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm nuclear thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau dav hlau thiab ua rau lub suab nrov nrov. Raws li ib feem ntawm lub tswv yim no, Rockwell International tau tsim B-1 Lancer ntau hom kev siv tswv yim sib txawv ntawm cov dav hlau.

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Tsab ntawv B-1A ntawm Edwards AFB

Thawj daim qauv ntawm B-1A tuaj txog ntawm Edwards AFB thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1974. Vim qhov tseeb tias ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab uas tseem tsis tau raug sim ua ntej tau siv rau hauv lub dav hlau, cov ntawv xeem tau nyuaj heev. Nyob rau thawj theem, hauv txhua lub davhlau, muaj kev ua tsis tiav lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm onboard systems, ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev saib xyuas hauv av. Muab piv rau tus kws tshaj lij B-52 lub foob pob, tshiab B-1A zoo li nyuaj heev thiab muaj peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, lub dav hlau pom cov ntaub ntawv ya dav hlau zoo ntawm kev sim: qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 2237 km / h thiab qab nthab ntawm 18300 meters. Hauv lub foob pob tawg tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav 34 tons. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm "Ulan" tau kim heev hauv kev tsim khoom thiab ua haujlwm, thiab tsoomfwv tau tso tseg qhov kev txiav txim. Tom qab kev xaiv tsa Thawj Tswj Hwm Ronald Reagan, txoj haujlwm B-1 tau rov ua haujlwm. Thaum tsim qauv B-1B kev hloov pauv, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau hauv kev kov yeej huab cua tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw siab thiab ua kom lub dav hlau nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab ke.

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Satellite duab ntawm Google Ntiaj Teb: B-52H thiab B-1B cov foob pob ntawm Edwards airbase

Zoo li thawj kab ntawv, txhim kho B-1B kuj tau sim hauv California. Kev sim ntawm lub dav hlau thiab nws cov riam phom tau dhau los txij xyoo 1980 txog 1985, tom qab ntawd lub foob pob tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam mus tau yooj yim. Thaum xub thawj, lub dav hlau tau raug txwv ntau yam ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab ya dav hlau. Xyoo dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tawm ntawm 100 lub foob pob ua haujlwm, 10 tau sib tsoo hauv qhov xwm txheej.

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Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 4, 1984, B-1B tau tsaws tsaws thaum muaj xwm ceev rau ntawm txoj kev tsis muaj neeg taug kev tsim los rau Shuttles. Vim yog qhov ua tsis tiav hydraulic, lub iav pem hauv ntej tsis tuaj tawm. Vim yog qhov me me ntawm lub pas dej qhuav, lub dav hlau tsis tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj thiab tom qab ntawd rov kho dua.

Hauv 80s, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob feem ntau koom nrog tsim cov riam phom ntau dua, kev qhia thiab kev sib txuas lus rau hom kev sib ntaus sib tua uas twb tau txais los rau kev pabcuam thiab sim hloov kho tshiab. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1986, F-15E Strike Eagle fighter-bomber tau nkag mus sim. Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog, lub dav hlau no yuav tsum hloov pauv ntau yam F-4 Phantom II. Yog tias nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov hom phiaj hauv av, F-15E muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau lub dav hlau tua rog. Lub dav hlau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1988, thiab txij thaum ntawd los tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev tawm tsam ua los ntawm Air Force ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Israel thiab Saudi Arabia.

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F-15E serial fighter-bomber

Tsis tas li hauv Arizona, lub dav hlau ntawm F -15 STOL / MTD kev hloov kho (Lub Sijhawm Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsawg thiab Kev Tsaws / Kev Siv Tshuab Ua Yeeb Yam - Ua kom luv luv thiab nce thiab nqis thiab ua kom pom kev muaj zog dua) tau sim. Vim yog kev qhia ntawm lub tiaj tiaj tiaj lub taub hau thiab VGO, lub kaum ntse ntse nrawm nrawm nce 24%, thiab suab nrov - los ntawm 27%. Qhov ntev ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab khiav tau raug txo qis. Thaum lub sijhawm sim, muaj peev xwm tsaws rau ntawm daim ntaub ntub dej nrog qhov ntev ntawm 985 meters tau qhia (rau F-15C tus neeg tua rog, 2300 meters yuav tsum tau).

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F-15 STOL / MTD

Ib qho kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm F-15 STOL / MTD tus qauv yog F-15ACTIVE (Kev Siv Txuj Ci Siab rau Cov Tsheb Sib Cais, uas txhais tau tias txhais tau tias yog Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshaj Lij rau Kev Sib Koom Tsheb), nrog kev tswj hwm ya-los-xaim tshiab uas ua ke tswj ntawm PGO, lub cav thiab lub taub hau tig … Qhov kev hloov kho ntawm Eagle no tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo heev, raws li Pugacheva Cobra tau rov ua dua ntawm F-15ACTIVE. Qhov kev hloov kho ntawm tus neeg tua rog no tsis tau tsim ua ntu zus, tab sis tus lej ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws tau siv los tsim lub cim thib 5 F-22A tus neeg tua rog.

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Qhov tshwj xeeb sab nraud ntawm F-15ACTIVE, hloov pauv los ntawm F-15 STOL / MTD, yog qhov zoo nkauj heev ci xim dawb-xiav-liab. Hauv ib nrab ntawm 90s, F-15ACTIVE tau los ntawm NASA, thiab ya mus txog xyoo 2009.

Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho kev ya dav hlau ntawm F-16 Fighting Falcon, kev sim dav hlau F-16XL nrog lub dav hlau deltoid nrog thaj tsam tau nce los ntawm 1, 2 zaug. Qhov ntawd, ua ke nrog lub fuselage txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1, 42 metres, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce cov khoom siv roj hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam sab hauv los ntawm 80% thiab nqa kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tis sib dhos ob zaug ntau dua. Cov khoom siv sib xyaw tau siv dav hauv tis tshiab kom txuag tau qhov hnyav.

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F-16XL

Raws li xeeb tub los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, lub tis zoo li no tau tsim los muab kev rub qis ntawm qhov siab dua lossis suab nrawm dua yam tsis poob ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 600-900 km / h. Ua kom thaj tsam tis nce ntxiv thiab ua kom lub airfoil curvature muab kev nce hauv nqa los ntawm 25% ntawm kev nrawm dua thiab 11% ntawm cov suab nrov. Thaum tsim F-16XL, nws kuj tseem tau npaj kom ua tiav kev caij nkoj nrawm dua ntawm qhov siab yam tsis muaj qhov hlawv tom qab, tab sis qhov no tsis tau ua tiav.

Rau kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv F-16XL siv tib F-16A, uas tau nyob hauv qhov chaw khaws cia. Txij li sab xub ntiag ntawm ib tus ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus tau raug mob hnyav nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau sib tsoo, thaum hloov pauv, nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov nws thiab ua lub dav hlau ua ob tus neeg zaum.

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Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1981, Tebchaws Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog tau tshaj tawm qhov kev sib tw rau qhov tshiab, txhim kho kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab F-16XLs tau koom nrog. Vim tias muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv ntawm cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, F-16XL muaj dav dav dav 40% ntev dua, thiab lub dav hlau ya dav hlau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm dai ob zaug ntau npaum li riam phom zoo li ntawm F-16A. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau dhau los ua tibneeg hu tauj coob heev, tag nrho, ib leeg thiab ob tus neeg zaum sib tw sim ua 798 lub dav hlau. Raws li General Dynamics engineers, lawv lub tsheb muaj txoj hauv kev yeej, tab sis thaum kawg cov tub rog nyiam F-15E. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1988, ob qho F-16XLs tau xa mus rau NASA, qhov uas lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev sim sim txhawm rau kawm txog huab cua ncig lub tis ntawm qhov nrawm dua.

Txog thaum xyoo 2012, lub dav hlau F-15ACTIVE thiab F-16XL tau nyob ntawm Ames Dryden Flight Research Center ntawm Edwards AFB. Tam sim no cov tsheb no tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nco airbase.

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Satellite duab ntawm Google Earth: dav hlau T-38A, F-15ACTIVE thiab F-16XL ntawm qhov chaw sim sim ntawm Edwards airbase, 2012 duab

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