Tsis muaj dab neeg tu siab tshaj hauv ntiaj teb no dua li zaj dab neeg ntawm rab phom rab phom Lavxias.
Hauv USSR, rab yaj phom raws li riam phom yog tej zaum nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev cov teeb meem ceev ntawm cov tub rog. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm rab yaj phom hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab raws li, kev saib xyuas tsawg kawg tau them rau qhov teeb meem no.
Qhov tseeb, tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm rab phom rab phom hauv USSR yog kev hloov pauv ntawm rab phom ntawm Nagant system mus rau rab phom TT (Tula Tokarev) thiab los ntawm TT mus rau rab yaj phom Makarov. Tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau qee lub sijhawm hloov pauv, cov riam phom no tau siv (thiab hauv qee qhov chaw tseem tab tom siv) ib txhij.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog (AF) thiab Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), qee qhov qauv tau txais los-Stechkin tsis siv phom me me (APS), rab phom me me rau tus kheej (PSM), rab phom tshwj xeeb rau tus kheej thauj khoom (PSS) thiab lwm yam. … Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev siv tau txwv heev, thiab lawv tsis tau hais tias yog rab phom loj.
Qhov tseeb, Tub Rog Tub Rog thiab Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Lavxias Federation, kev sib tsoo ntawm USSR tau ntsib nrog rab yaj phom sib sau ua ke - rab yaj phom Makarov chambered rau 9x18 PM. Perestroika thiab glasnost tau tsim tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv nyiaj txiag tiv thaiv sai sai, yuam cov tsim khoom thiab cov tsim khoom siv caj npab me me los nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom tau nyiaj ntawm txhua yam. Ib ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav nyiaj txiag yog lub ncauj lus ntawm kev tsim rab phom tub rog tshiab. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws tau ntseeg tias rab yaj phom Makarov tau dhau los lawm, lub zog ntawm daim cartridge thiab tus lej ntawm cov mos txwv hauv khw tsis txaus, kev siv lub cev tsis sib xws rau cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm caj npab me me.
Izhevsk cog tau xaiv txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws, tso tawm xyoo 1994 qhov hloov tshiab ntawm Makarov rab yaj phom - cov phom Makarov niaj hnub no (PMM). Kev tsim ntawm rab yaj phom tau txhawb ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias muaj peev xwm tua cov phom loj 9 × 18 teev tsaus ntuj, kwv yees li 70% ntawm PMM ntu sib pauv nrog ntu ntu. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau nce los ntawm 8 txog 12 puag ncig los ntawm kev nthuav dav tus tuav thiab siv ob-kab ib leeg-pub cov ntawv xov xwm.
Lub rab yaj phom tau siv los txwv los ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Sab Hauv, FSB, thiab lwm yam kev tsim lub zog, tab sis tsis tas yuav tham txog kev npaj ua kom tiav. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias kev nthuav dav ntawm kev txhawb nqa 9x18 PMM daim cartridges, nrog rau qhov ib txwm ua, ua rau muaj xwm txheej lossis txhob txwm thauj lawv mus rau hauv PMMs uas tsis yog kho dua tshiab, uas, thaum sim tua, ua rau nrawm nrawm ntawm rab yaj phom, thiab qee zaum rau nws qhov ua tsis tiav, nrog tus tua tau ntau yam raug mob …
Rau cov pej xeem ua lag luam raws lub hauv paus ntawm PM, rab phom "Skif" thiab "Skif-Mini" nrog cov ncej polymer tau tsim. Tab sis txij li tsis muaj kev ua lag luam rau pej xeem rau riam phom phom luv hauv Russia, thiab tsis muaj kev sib tw txawv teb chaws, cov qauv no tsis tau tsim.
Xyoo 1990, USSR Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tshaj tawm qhov kev sib tw rau rab phom tshiab tsim los hloov rab yaj phom Makarov, uas tab tom ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no (R&D "Grach").
Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm no, Tula Central Design Bureau of Sporting and Hunting Weapons (TsKIB SOO - txij li xyoo 1997, ib ceg ntawm Tula State Unitary Enterprise Instrument Design Bureau - State Unitary Enterprise KBP) tsim OTs -27 Berdysh rab yaj phom. Kev txhim kho tau ua tiav los ntawm I. Ya Stechkin (tus tsim qauv zoo ib yam "Stechkin") thiab B. V. Avraamov, yog li rab yaj phom qee zaum raug xaiv los ntawm PSA qhov ntsuas (Stechkin-Avraamov rab yaj phom).
Tus qauv tsim yog lub peev xwm siv ntau hom cartridges - 7, 62x25, 9x18 PM lossis 9x19, tom qab hloov lub thoob thiab ntawv xov xwm. Tsis tas li, txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm siv rab phom loj 7, 62x25 thiab 9x19 hauv Berdysh rab yaj phom, siv lub voj voos pub dawb, zoo li nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, tshwj xeeb damper tau teeb tsa nyob rau sab qis ntawm ntsia liaj qhov rooj kom them nyiaj rov qab. Cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab thav duab ntawm rab yaj phom yog ua los ntawm cov hlau; ntoo lossis yas yas tuaj yeem ntsia tau ntawm tus kov.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tsis txaus siab rau rab yaj phom no, thiab xyoo 1994 nws tau thim tawm ntawm kev sib tw rau rab phom rab phom, tom qab ntawd hauv qhov me me nws tau nkag mus rau hauv Ministry of Internal Affairs. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qee tus neeg siv, nws yog rab phom zoo dua, nws yog kev khuv xim tias nws tsis nyob hauv Lavxias qhov chaw tua phom, thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los ntsuas nws tus kheej.
Thaum ntxov 90s TsKIB SOO tau tsim ntau qhov piv txwv zoo dua-rab phom-OTs-21 "Malysh", OTs-23 "Dart" thiab OTs-33 "Pernach".
Cov phom me me OTs-21 "Malysh" tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev sib tw rau PSM. Tsis zoo li qhov tom kawg, nws siv lub zog muaj zog (suav nrog qhov ntev ntawm rab phom) cartridge 9x18 PM (muaj kev hloov kho-OTs-21S chambered rau 9x17 mm thiab OTs-26 chambered rau 5, 45x18). Lub rab yaj phom tau ua tiav ntawm cov hlau, nrog qhov ua kom pom tseeb, muaj qhov ua tau yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam hauv nws, uas ua rau nws yooj yim nqa thiab rov qab los. Kev tua tsuas yog ua los ntawm tus kheej nkaus xwb, tsis muaj qhov tsis siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg, kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev hnav nrog daim cartridge hauv chav yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev mob siab rau yuav tsum tau rub lub ntsuas.
Cov phom me me OTs-21 tau siv los ntawm Tus Kws Lij Choj Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias ua tus tiv thaiv tus kheej rau cov kws foob thiab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau pej xeem raws li "poj niam" lossis khoom siv phom, suav nrog cov tub ceev xwm.
Tsis siv neeg rab yaj phom OTs-23 "Dart" tau tsim los ntawm TsKIB SOO nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm I. Ya Stechkin los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia thaum kawg xyoo 1993. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm rab yaj phom yog siv cov mos txwv - 5, 45x18, ua ke nrog cov ntawv xov xwm rau 24 teev thiab muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws tawg, nrog kev txiav tawm 3 zaug. Vim tias qhov siv me me ntawm daim cartridge 5, 45x18, rab yaj phom tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab tau tsim tawm hauv ib daim xwb.
Raws li OTs-23, OTs-33 Pernach tsis siv neeg rab phom tau tsim los hloov APS. Qhov ntsuas ntawm OTs-33 rab phom yog 9x18 PM. Piv rau APS, nws muaj kev tsim qauv yooj yim dua. Cov phom ntawm rab yaj phom tau txav mus los txhawm rau txo qhov pom kev rov zoo dua thiab txo tus nqi hluav taws (APS muaj cov txheej txheem cais rau yuam kom txo tus nqi hluav taws). Qib kev nyab xeeb tau muab tshem tawm ntawm ob sab ntawm rab phom. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm txheem yog 18 ncig, txuas ntxiv 27 puag ncig.
Rab phom tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm thiab tsuas yog hauv qhov me me nkag mus rau hauv cov chaw khaws khoom ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Tula State Unitary Enterprise "KBP" pib txhim kho rab phom phom tub rog nyob hauv nruab nrab-90s. Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm rab phom P-96 tsim yog yas thav duab thiab xauv los ntawm tig lub thoob los ntawm 30 degrees. P-96 rab phom thaum lub sijhawm ua khoom siv tsuas yog rab yaj phom hauv tsev nrog lub zog tua hluav taws.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas, rab phom P-96 tau lees paub tias ua tsis tau tiav; ntawm nws lub hauv paus, P-96M qhov kev pabcuam rab phom tau tsim los rau 9 × 18 teev tsaus ntuj rau lub chaw haujlwm tseem hwv thiab P-96S rau 9 × 17K rab phom rau kev ruaj ntseg ntiag tug. Pistols ntawm P-96 kab tau txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tau ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm lawv cov neeg siv tsawg.
Raws li ib feem ntawm R & D "Grach" rau rab phom rab phom, Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Nruab Nrab ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Engineering (TsNIITOCHMASH) nyob rau nruab nrab-90s tau tsim SPS rab yaj phom (Serdyukov tus kheej nqa rab phom) "Gyurza" (tam sim no tsim nyob rau hauv CP1M qhov ntsuas) rau ib daim cartridge siv zog 9x21 mm …Hauv txoj kev txhim kho, ntau yam ntawm rab yaj phom tau ua haujlwm - nrog lub thoob ruaj ruaj thiab nrog rab phom txav tau, xauv los ntawm tus menyuam viav vias. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev xaiv thib ob raug xaiv.
SPS rab phom muaj ob lub xauv tsis siv neeg kev nyab xeeb - ib qho nyob tom qab ntawm tus tes tuav (tig tawm thaum tuav) thiab qhov thib ob ntawm tus ntsuas, zoo ib yam li kev nyab xeeb siv hauv Glock rab phom. Tsis muaj qhov tsis siv neeg fuse. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tshuab tua hluav taws yog qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thaum lub tswb tsis tau teeb tsa rau pawg tub ceev xwm kev nyab xeeb (rau qee qhov, qhov no yog cov cuab yeej siv tsis siv neeg nyab xeeb, tab sis tsis yooj yim heev).
Lub thav duab ntawm rab phom yog polymer - ua los ntawm iav puv polyamide. Raws li kev xav ntawm tus kheej, rab yaj phom loj, tshwj xeeb yog rab phom, ua tsis tau zoo rau cov tua nrog tes me. Qhov tsis siv neeg nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb nyob tom qab ntawm tus tes tuav tsis zoo rau ntawm xib teg, txhua lub sijhawm muaj lub siab xav kho qhov tuav.
Cov tub rog tsis lees paub tus qauv no, tab sis nws txaus siab tshwj xeeb ntawm FSB thiab FSO, lawv txaus siab rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 9x21 daim cartridge tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev lossis cov teeb meem zoo li ob sab ntawm lub tsheb.
