Npaj tus lej 1
Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev mus ncig ua lag luam ntev ntawm Nikolai Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovsky pib nrog kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Lenin thaum Lub Ib Hlis 21, 1924. Lawm, lub hlwb ntawm tus neeg tseem ceeb no tsis tuaj yeem nyob yam tsis muaj kev kawm, thiab rau cov txheej txheem no, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, Bolsheviks caw German Oskar Vogt. Nws yog tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg lub paj hlwb. Ib qho ntxiv, Vogt zoo ib yam li qhov kev kawm - Vladimir Lenin. Tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo sai, xaj kom ua tib zoo khaws lub hlwb ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab thov kom them tag nrho cov nqi mus ncig. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Vogt, Moscow ceg ntawm Berlin Lub Tsev Haujlwm Lub Hlwb tau tshwm sim, uas tom qab tau hloov pauv mus rau Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Lenin Lub Hlwb nyob hauv Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm USSR. Ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb cais tau koom nrog hauv kev kawm ntawm lub hlwb ntawm ib tus neeg, sim ua qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kom nkag siab tias yam ntxwv morphological ua rau nws ntse npaum li cas. Tej zaum, nyob rau cov hnub ntawd, ntau tus nkag siab qhov pib ua tsis tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm no, thiab cov haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau dhau los, nruj me ntsis cais. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kawm txog microtomic ntu ntawm Lenin qhov teeb meem grey ("Kev Npaj Tsis Muaj. 1") nrog thiab thoob plaws, lub tsev haujlwm tau hloov pauv lub Koom Haum Lub Hlwb ntawm USSR Academy of Medical Sciences nrog kev nthuav dav tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb..
Vogt, leej twg qhib siab rau Soviet Russia, tau pom nyob rau thawj lub hlis ntawm kev tshawb fawb tias cov kab hauv qab tau pom me ntsis tsawg dua hauv Lenin lub hlwb, tab sis lawv loj dua li ntawm kev npaj ntawm lub hlwb zoo tib yam. Txawm li cas los xij txhais tau tias, qhov sib txawv tau pom hauv Lenin lub hlwb, thiab lawv tuaj yeem txhais tau zoo hauv kev nyiam ntawm tus thawj coj lub ntsej muag. Txawm li cas los xij, Vogt sai poob kev txaus siab los tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm Vladimir Lenin lub cranium thiab tau ntim khoom hauv tsev. Rov qab rau hauv Moscow, tus kws tshawb fawb raug ntes los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tshawb fawb caj ces ntawm Berlin Lub Hlwb Lub Koom Haum ntawm Kaiser Wilhelm Society. Hauv nruab nrab-1920s, tus yam ntxwv ntawm German kev tsim caj ces tsis txawv hauv ntau yam tshwj xeeb, thiab tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm Vogt nrog qhib sab laug kev nom tswv kev xav tsis tuaj yeem ntxias leej twg. Tom qab sab laj nrog tus kws paub txog keeb kwm keeb kwm Soviet Nikolai Koltsov, Vogt tau caw cov hluas thiab muaj peev xwm Nikolai Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovsky mus rau Berlin nrog nws. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tau pom zoo tam sim rau kev mus ntev. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau tham txog qhov laj thawj rau kev pom zoo raws li hauv qab no:
"… Cov neeg Lavxias feem ntau tau mus txawv tebchaws los kawm qee yam, thiab kuv tau raug caw tsis mus kawm, tab sis qhov tsis sib xws, qhia cov neeg German. persuaded kuv."
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky tau dhau los ua ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij hauv kev hloov pauv.
Ib tus kws tshawb fawb nrog pab pawg ntawm caj ces Sergei Chetverikov tau kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm xov tooj cua ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Drosophila, thiab tseem txheeb xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm ntuj hauv cov pej xeem. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig tau sau tseg hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm Timofeev-Resovsky tsis tshua muaj neeg siab dawb thiab tus cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws tau paub zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab hais ob yam lus- Fab Kis thiab German. Tsev neeg ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm Peter I thiab yog ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm, uas lub hauv paus ntawm cov txiv plig Lavxias kuj tau koom nrog tom qab. Timofeev-Resovsky tus poj niam, Elena Aleksandrovna Fidler, tau cuam tshuam nrog Immanuel Kant nws tus kheej, thiab cov txheeb ze ze tshaj plaws tau tsim Fiedler gymnasium nto moo thiab Ferein cov chaw muag tshuaj. Tus poj niam kuj yog tus kws paub txog tsiaj txhu thiab, kom nws lub peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws, tau pab nws tus txiv hauv kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Nikolai Koltsov.
Timofeev-Resovsky tseem nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees
Xyoo 1925, Kaiser Wilhelm Society rau Kev Txhawb Kev Tshawb Fawb tau txais tsab ntawv caw tuaj rau Timofeev-Ressovsky, thiab nws tau mus txawv tebchaws nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus tub. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev sib tham hauv kev tshawb fawb, tus kws tshawb fawb yeej yeej. Txawm hais tias lub xeev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees nyob rau xyoo 1920s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1930s, kev mus ncig ua lag luam thiab tshawb fawb tau them nyiaj siab dawb. Dab tsi tsis tuaj yeem hais txog Soviet Union: tsuas yog qee tus kws tshawb fawb thiaj muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb. Nikolai Vladimirovich, ntawm tus nqi ntawm Kaiser Society, tswj kom tau mus rau kev sib tham ntawm Niels Bohr, uas rau lawv lub sijhawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb. Muaj pov thawj tias tus kws tshawb fawb tau cog lus tias tseem raug caw tuaj rau Tebchaws Meskas ntawm Carnegie Institute xyoo 1936. Tom qab ntawd muaj lub sijhawm dav dav ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb tau kawm los ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab peb cov neeg nyob sib ze tuaj yeem pom nws tus kheej nyob txawv teb chaws. Tab sis nws tau nyob ua tus thawj coj ntawm chav haujlwm noob caj noob ces ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Lub Hlwb hauv Berlin thaj tsam Buch. Cov Nazis tsis kov nws, vim lawv tsis pom cov neeg Yudais cov hauv paus hniav hauv Timofeev-Resovsky, thiab nws txoj cai hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb tau nce siab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab txog tam sim no cov neeg German tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau qee yam kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Ib xyoos dhau los, xyoo 1935, Nikolai Vladimirovich, ua ke nrog Karl Zimmer thiab Max Delbrück, luam tawm, tej zaum, nws cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws "Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov pauv noob thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov noob." Hauv nws, tshwj xeeb, cov kws tshawb fawb ua pov thawj kwv yees qhov loj me ntawm cov noob. Txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem tsim nyog tau txais khoom plig Nobel, thiab tseem tau tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov tshiab, muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua qhov kev tshawb pom.
Xyoo 1937, nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev tshem tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws, tus kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab tsis rov qab mus rau USSR. Nws raug rho tawm ntawm nws kev ua pej xeem rau qhov no. Qhov txaus siab, Timofeev-Resovsky tau ceeb toom ob zaug txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws los ntawm nws tus kws qhia Nikolai Koltsov, uas tom qab ntawd dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txom. Koj tuaj yeem tham ntau yam txog qhov laj thawj rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb mus rau yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj ntawm "cov neeg tawg rog", tab sis, zoo li yuav yog qhov kev txiav txim siab no uas cawm nws txoj sia. Hauv USSR, tawm ntawm peb tus kwv Timofeyev-Resovsky, ob leeg raug tua, thiab lawv tsis sawv ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nrog cov duab hnyav dua, piv txwv li Nikolai Vavilov.
Kev tswj hwm Nazi, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam rau Soviet Union, tsis tau ua ib qho kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum noob caj noob ces ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Lub Hlwb. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm Nikolai Vladimirovich txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog German kev tshawb fawb tsim - ntau yam yooj yim npog nws, tsis pom kev hem thawj rau tsoomfwv. Timofeev-Ressovsky tsis tsuas yog paub ntau yam botanists thiab zoologists, nws yog phooj ywg nrog cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshaj lij koom nrog hauv Nazi atomic project. Tsis txhob txo nqi qhov tseeb tias tus kws tshawb fawb tau saib xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov pauv hauv lub koom haum, thiab txij li qhov kawg ntawm 30s, Nazis txaus siab rau qhov teeb meem atomic tau loj hlob tuaj. Timofeev-Ressovsky (lossis, raws li Daniil Granin hu nws hauv nws phau ntawv, Bison) txawm hais tias muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob neutron nrawm los txuas ntxiv kev sim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov.
Rov los txog tsev
Xyoo 1943, Gestapo cuam nws mus rau Mauthausen rau kev koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Bison tus tub, Dmitry, uas tab tom npaj kev sim ua lub neej ntawm Vlasov thiab Rosenberg nws tus kheej. Muaj ib daim ntawv uas Nikolai Vladimirovich tau muab, pauv rau nws tus tub txoj kev ywj pheej, koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev quab yuam kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm Roma - Cov neeg German tau txaus siab rau kev ua tiav ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Genetics ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lub Hlwb hauv thaj chaw radiomutagenesis. Tus kws tshawb fawb tsis kam lees, thiab Dmitry tau nyob hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1945, nws raug tua rau koom nrog hauv pab pawg tiv thaiv hauv av.
Timofeev-Resovsky, uas tsis tshua muaj sia nyob ntawm kev tu siab, tsis tsuas yog tos kom tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog Soviet hauv Bukh, tab sis tseem yaum peb tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv German txoj haujlwm atomic kom nyob twj ywm thiab tsis raug khiav tawm mus rau Asmeskas. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no, kws kho mob K. Zimmer, kws kho hluav taws xob G. Yug thiab kws tshawb fawb hluav taws xob A. Kach, yuav ua tus ncaj tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov riam phom atomic rau Soviet Union.
Thiab Nikolai Vladimirovich, tsis tau xav txog rau nws thiab txhua yam rau txhua tus neeg, tau raug ntes nyob rau xyoo 1945 thiab tau xa mus rau Moscow. Raws li qhov tshwm sim - 10 xyoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov, 5 xyoos ntawm kev swb hauv txoj cai thiab ua tiav cov khoom ntiag tug. Qhov kev txiav txim tsis suav nrog ntau qhov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb, kev tu siab ntawm nws tus tub thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua tsov ua rog thiab Ostarbeiters thaum ua tsov rog. Tom qab raug tso tawm nrog pawg mob thaum xyoo 1951, Timofeev-Ressovsky yuav ua haujlwm rau lub teb chaws tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev kho hluav taws xob ntawm Sverdlovsk Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb. Xyoo 1964, nws tau raug tshem tawm, thiab Nikolai Vladimirovich tau tsiv mus rau Obninsk, qhov chaw uas nws tau coj mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv General Radiobiology thiab Radiation Genetics ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Kho Mob Radiology. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, tus kws tshawb fawb yeej tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm kev qias neeg ntawm "tus xibfwb uas ua haujlwm hauv Hitler lub lair." Timofeev-Ressovsky tuag thaum Lub Peb Hlis 28, 1981, xyoo 1986 nws cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sim nws txoj kev kho kom rov zoo, uas tau ua tiav tsuas yog Lub Rau Hli 29, 1992.
Ob peb qhov tseeb tseem ceeb txog lub neej ntawm Bison zoo. Tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog Max Delbrück yeej qhov khoom plig Nobel hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj hauv xyoo 1969. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas cov neeg Swedes ib zaug tau thov mus rau USSR hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm Timofeev-Resovsky, tab sis tsis tau txais lus teb. Puas yog qhov kev thov no cuam tshuam nrog Pawg Neeg Nobel? Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, xyoo 1986, phau ntawv "Berlin Wild" tau luam tawm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees los ntawm Ellie Welt, tus poj niam ntawm Peter Welt, uas tau cawm los ntawm Nikolai Vladimirovich. Timofeev-Resovsky yog tus tswv cuab ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm txuj ci thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb, thiab UNESCO suav nrog nws lub npe hauv cov npe ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th.
