Xub ntawm Perun. Armament ntawm Slavs ntawm VI-VIII ib-paus xyoo

Cov txheej txheem:

Xub ntawm Perun. Armament ntawm Slavs ntawm VI-VIII ib-paus xyoo
Xub ntawm Perun. Armament ntawm Slavs ntawm VI-VIII ib-paus xyoo

Video: Xub ntawm Perun. Armament ntawm Slavs ntawm VI-VIII ib-paus xyoo

Video: Xub ntawm Perun. Armament ntawm Slavs ntawm VI-VIII ib-paus xyoo
Video: Lus pov thawj raug dab tsim txom & Vajtswv cawm zoo li cas tiag?? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Kab lus no tseem txuas ntxiv mus ntawm Slavic riam phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm "VO". Nws muab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav tsis yog ntawm hom riam phom no nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov tswv yim kev xav ntawm cov neeg Slavs thaum ub.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tub rog Byzantine tau tshaj tawm tias hneev nti thiab xub xub nyob deb ntawm cov riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Slavs thaum ub, piv rau rab hmuv. Tab sis thaum piav qhia kev ua phem, cov peev txheej qhia rau peb txog kev siv hneev nti los ntawm Slavs.

Perun, nws hneev thiab xib xub

Cov hmuv, uas tau nquag siv los ntawm Slavs thaum ntxov, muaj lub ntsiab lus dawb huv rau ntau pawg neeg, tab sis tsis yog rau Slavs. Tab sis cov xub thiab hneev tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog tus vaj tswv ntawm xob quaj, uas nws tus yam ntxwv yog cov riam phom no.

Lub etymology ntawm lo lus "xub" tseem qhib. Raws li M. Vasmer's "phau ntawv txhais lus", nws muaj keeb kwm ua ntej European. Thiab ntawm Bulgarians thiab Rezians, Slovenes los ntawm Italis Friul, zaj sawv tau suav tias yog Vajtswv tus hneev taw. Hauv cov lus Slavic, cov lus muaj npe perunъ, txhawb los ntawm cov lus qhia perti, txhais tau tias "tus uas ntaus, ntaus."

Lwm yam riam phom kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog Perun.

Perun (zoo li lwm lub suab nrov nrov, Zeus) tau dhau los ua ntu ntu. Thiab nws tau hloov pauv ntau theem sib txawv ntawm kev txhim kho pawg neeg hauv zej zog, uas yog ntau dua lossis tsawg tau hais meej meej raws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Greek lus dab neeg thaum ub. Hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog Slavic God Thunderer, peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no hauv keeb kwm, tab sis peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau hom riam phom sib txawv.

Cov riam phom no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Proto-Slavic thiab haiv neeg Slavic thaum ntxov thiab nws cov kev xav hauv ntiaj teb ib puag ncig lawv, vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv ua ke thiab ib zaug. Yooj yim muab, yam riam phom twg muaj yeej lossis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau pawg neeg, tus vaj tswv siab tshaj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo li riam phom.

Yog li ntawd, ntaj, piv txwv li, tsis tau dhau los ua riam phom ntawm tus vaj tswv zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Slavs tau tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm nyob rau xyoo 5th-6th xyoo pua. vim qhov tseeb tias cov riam phom no yeej siv tsis tau rau lawv, raws li yuav tham hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej. Ntaj tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog riam phom ntawm vaj tswv.

Perun tau hla ntau theem kev txhim kho nrog rau kev hloov pauv tswv yim ntawm Slavs thaum ub hais txog kev nyob ib puag ncig thiab lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj sia. (AF Losev) Kev hloov pauv mus los ntawm tus vaj tswv ntawm xob laim, dhau los ntawm tus vaj tswv uas tswj hwm xob laim thiab xob laim, thiab tus vaj tswv ntawm lub tsho tiv nag, ua tus vaj tswv tseem ceeb, cuam tshuam rau kev ua liaj ua teb, mus rau vaj tswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm zej zog potestary thiab qhov kawg ntawm pab pawg hauv pawg neeg. Thiab riam phom uas vaj tswv siv hluav taws xob tau hloov pauv nrog rau kev txhim kho theem ntawm pab pawg neeg.

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev pe hawm ntawm Thunderer hauv "kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub ntuj", tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg sau thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov, uas yog keeb kwm Perun

"Tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li qhov tshwm sim huab cua thiab tsuas yog ob - ib tug vaj tswv."

(H. Lovmyansky)

Tej zaum yog vim li cas thawj qib nws riam phom yog pob zeb, cuam tshuam nrog pob zeb rauj. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub ntsiab lus ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "xob laim" tau tsim los ua kev xav, thiab cuam tshuam nrog "rauj". Hauv Latvian nws tau hu ua "Perun tus rauj". Muaj qhov pom zoo sib xws nrog "rauj ntawm Thor" - "mjollnir" los ntawm "Txwj Laug Edda", uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau xob laim. Cov peev txheej tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hammers li Slavic riam phom. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev siv tus hammers ntawm cov neeg German, tshwj tsis yog cov amulets ntawm Viking Age - "hammers of Thor" lossis cov duab puab ntawm Thor nrog rauj rau hauv nws txhais tes, piav los ntawm Snorri Sturlusson.

Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias Proto-Slavs tseem dhau theem ntawm cov riam phom xws li pob zeb hammers. Hauv Belarusian cov dab neeg, Perun ntaus tus nab nrog nws riam phom thiab pob zeb. Cov riam phom no tsis tau xav txog hauv cov ntawv sau uas sau cov Slavs tom qab lub sijhawm, thaum lawv xaus rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Byzantine Empire.

Thiab hauv qhov no, lub sijhawm thib ob, tus vajtswv siab tshaj plaws - tsuas yog

"Xob laim"

raws li Procopius ntawm Caesarea sau txog nws.

Thiab tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis muaj xob quaj. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, peb txaus siab rau kev sib txuas ntawm tus vaj tswv no nrog riam phom. Hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ambassador Herberstein, uas nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, raws li Novgorodians, tau piav qhia qhov pom ntawm Perun hauv nws qhov chaw dawb huv nyob ze Novgorod hauv Peryn thaum lub sijhawm tsis ntseeg, zoo li tseem ceeb heev rau peb:

"Novgorodians, thaum lawv tseem yog neeg tsis ntseeg, muaj tus mlom hu ua Perun - tus vaj tswv ntawm hluav taws (Cov neeg Lavxias hu hluav taws" Perun ").

Ntawm qhov chaw uas tus mlom sawv, lub tuam tsev tau tsim, uas tseem khaws nws lub npe los ntawm nws: "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Perun".

Tus mlom tau pom tus txiv neej, thiab hauv nws txhais tes nws tuav lub nplaim taws uas zoo li lub xub pwg lossis nqaj."

Hauv cov dab neeg, kuj tseem muaj pov thawj ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tus vaj tswv ntawm xob quaj nrog xib xub lossis xob quaj, zoo li xub ntawm tus vaj tswv. Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog tias etymologically "xob quaj" tsis nqa lwm qhov kev thauj khoom ntau dua li qhov tau lees txais niaj hnub no: kom rattle, ua suab nrov.

Herberstein cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov dab neeg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws riam phom ntawm Perun yog cov xub thaum lub sijhawm ntawm pab pawg neeg, uas yog Slavs thaum ntxov ntawm 6th-8th ib puag ncig kuj tseem nyob. thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavs hauv X caug xyoo.

Xub ntawm Perun. Kev ua tub rog ntawm Slavs ntawm 6th-8th centuries
Xub ntawm Perun. Kev ua tub rog ntawm Slavs ntawm 6th-8th centuries

Tau ntev, ntau tus neeg Slavic tau hu thiab hu Perun cov xub belemnites, fossilized tseem tshuav ntawm cephalopods uas ploj mus, uas sab nrauv zoo li lub taub hau hollow, "Perun cov xub", ntxiv rau qhov tawg ntawm cov hnub qub.

Kev xaiv "xub ntawm tus xob laim" nyob hauv ib lossis lwm lub npe tau pom thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm Slavs. Cov "xub" no tau siv dav los kho pob zeb ntawm cov Slavs, thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig. (Ivanov Vch. V., Toporov V. N.)

Dab tsi nqa pob zeb riam phom thiab xub ua ke, zoo li riam phom ntawm xob laim?

"Pyarun" hauv Belarusian thiab kev tsim lub plhaub, uas, raws li kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg qub hauv nroog, ntaus nrog xob quaj thiab xob laim: "xob quaj" yog lub suab tshuab, "malanka" (xob laim) yog lub teeb ntawm lub teeb los ntawm nws, zoo li lub txim loj heev, thiab qhov uas ua rau lub tshuab tawg - "parun" - ib yam dab tsi zoo li pob zeb xub lossis rauj."

Tib lub sijhawm, peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev dawb huv ntawm cov xub.

Yog li tua cov neeg raug kaw nrog "lwg" los ntawm hneev, piav qhia los ntawm Byzantine tus sau - tus ua tiav ntawm Theophanes, txhais tsis yog kev ua tiav, tab sis raws li kev cai ntawm tib neeg kev txi.

Qhov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm phiaj xwm ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor hauv 944 tawm tsam Constantinople. Thaum lub sij hawm fij rau cov kob ntawm St. George, thaum lub peb hlis ntuj los ntawm Kiev mus rau Constantinople. Nyob ib puag ncig ntawm tsob ntoo ntoo - tsob ntoo thunderer, cov neeg Lavxias tau nqes xub mus rau hauv av.

Tom qab pob zeb, nws yog hneev thiab xub uas dhau los ua riam phom tom ntej ntawm Thunderer God.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm "riam phom tshiab" ua tim khawv tsis txaus ntseeg rau qib tom ntej hauv kev txhim kho ntawm haiv neeg Slavic thaum ub, kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo thiab kev xav hauv ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov sijhawm no tau cuam tshuam. Ib kauj ruam hauv kev sawv cev ntawm lub siab, uas tsis ntseeg tau los ntawm kev ua lag luam, qhov hneev yog ob qho cuab yeej siv zog thiab riam phom.

Herberstein cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov dab neeg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws riam phom ntawm Perun yog cov xub thaum lub sijhawm pab pawg neeg. Lub tsev, uas yog Slavs thaum ntxov ntawm 6th-8th ib puas xyoo nyob. thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavs hauv X caug xyoo.

Yog li ntawd, cov xub tseem yog riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm Perun thoob plaws lub sijhawm nws teev ntuj. Txawm hais tias nws kuj muaj qws lossis qws, Novgorod clubs ntawm Perun raug puas tsuaj tsuas yog nyob rau tiam 17th century. Tab sis hypostasis ntawm Perun, Svyatovid, twb nyob hauv X-XI ib puas xyoo ntawm Lyutichs (Western Slavs). hnav khaub ncaws hnav thiab lub kaus mom hlau. Ntawm cov Slavs Sab Hnub Poob, cov qauv kev tsim vaj tsev tau tsim, thiab cov pab pawg tshwm sim. Thiab nrog rau qhov no, tus vaj tswv zoo tshaj kuj tau txais riam phom tshiab.

Qhov tsis ntseeg tau qhia txog theem tshiab hauv kev txhim kho zej zog.

Tom qab ntawd hauv cov dab neeg, thaum tus neeg coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus vaj tswv ntawm xob quaj (piv txwv li, Eliyas tus Yaj Saub) tau hais, cov xub tau hloov los ntawm cov mos txwv. Thiab qhov no, peb rov hais dua, tsuas yog qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus vaj tswv lub riam phom hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev xav ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.

Kev sib txuas ze ntawm tus vaj tswv ntawm xob laim nrog riam phom loj ntawm Slavs thaum ntxov yog qhov pom tseeb.

Cov Slavs thaum ntxov tau txais lub siab zoo tshaj plaws nrog tib yam riam phom uas lawv tus kheej siv. Tus vaj tswv ntawm xob quaj thiab los nag (qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ua vaj tswv vaj tswv ntawm Slavs thaum ntxov) tau siv rab hneev thiab xub xub. Rau nws, raws li qhia los ntawm Procopius ntawm Caesarea, nyuj tau txi.

Cov neeg sau keeb kwm ua tim khawv rau kev ua yeeb yam (uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no hauv ntau lub tebchaws ntawm cov Slavs) cuam tshuam nrog kev pe hawm thiab kev fij rau cov hypostases ntawm Perun. Nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tau pom tseeb thiab tsis muaj kev sib cav: kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua liaj ua teb raug kev hem thawj tas li - cov ntsiab lus.

Byzantine cov kws sau ntawv hais txog hneev thiab xub ntawm Slavs

Mauritius Stratig nyob rau xyoo VI. taw tes rau qhov yooj yim, me me-me Slavic hneev. Thaum tua los ntawm qhov twg, cov xub tau tsau tshuaj lom tau siv los them rau qhov tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau theem zoo ib yam ntawm kev txhim kho, cov neeg Greek thaum ub, uas siv hneev yooj yim, kuj tau ua nrog lawv cov xub. Hercules nws tus kheej, tus tub ntawm thunderer Zeus, tua cov xub lom. Yog li lo lus "tshuaj lom" cuam tshuam nrog Greek lub npe dos - toxos. Kev tua los ntawm rab hneev tsis zoo thev naus laus zis tau them nyiaj rau tshuaj lom. Ua ntej - ntawm kev yos hav zoov, thiab tom qab ntawd - hauv kev ua rog.

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Hauv kev sim tawm tsam "kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm keeb kwm" hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrov, cov pov thawj tsis muaj tseeb tau nthuav tawm tias Slavs txawm li cas los ua tiav siv txoj hlua nyuab nyuab lawv tau ua tiav yuav luag txij li lub sijhawm "Scythian plowmen". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis nco qab tias kev siv ib lossis lwm yam riam phom cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tsim lub ntiaj teb kev pom, ib puag ncig thiab qib ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm no lossis pawg haiv neeg thaum tsim cov pab pawg.

Tab sis qee tus neeg Germans tsis siv hneev kiag li. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb pom keeb kwm ntawm German xub xub.

Cov Goths tau ua tiav nws tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 6, thaum lawv tiv thaiv lawv lub xeev hauv tebchaws Ltalis los ntawm Byzantium. Qhov no feem ntau tawm mus rau lawv ib sab, zoo li hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tagin, thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 552, thaum cov neeg Loos tau tua cov tub rog tua rog ntawm Goths. Tsis tas li hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 553 ntawm Dej Kasulin ze lub nroog Tannet (tsis deb ntawm Capua), thaum, rov ua dua Hannibal txoj kev txav ntawm Cannes, Byzantine nees rub xub los ntawm flanks tua cov tub rog ntawm Alemans thiab Franks.

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm tus sau "Tswv Yim" ntawm qhov lig thib 6 - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 7. taw tes rau qhov xwm txheej thib ob ntawm hneev rau Slavs, nws nyuaj rau pom zoo nrog qhov no. Hauv kev lag luam nyiaj txiag thiab tua tsiaj, nws tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis raug siv.

Hauv kev ua tub rog, hneev taw pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum cov Slavs, los ntawm kev ntes los ntawm tom qab cov chaw nkaum thiab kev zais, txav mus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws nyuaj heev kom muab hmuv mus rau saum cov phab ntsa. Lub hom phiaj zoo Slav Svarun tau muab rab hmuv tsis nce, tab sis nqes - ntawm "vaub kib" ntawm cov neeg Pawxia. Tib yam tsis tuaj yeem hais txog xub.

Twb tau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm VI xyoo pua. cov Slavs coj thawj lub nroog loj ntawm Toper, thaum lawv tsoo cov neeg hauv nroog los ntawm phab ntsa

"Huab ntawm xub".

Thaum sib ntaus nrog cov tub rog Byzantine, Slavs nquag siv hneev tua phom. Hauv ib qho ntawm kev sib cav, cov Slavs tau tua cov xub ntawm tus thawj coj Tatimer, ua rau nws raug mob. Txawm hais tias rab hneev tsis muaj zog npaum li cas, nws tseem tshaj qhov pov pob rau ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum raug kaw, tsis txhob hais txog qhov hluav taws kub thiab cov mos txwv ntau npaum li cas. Ob lossis peb ntuav hmuv tawm tsam, piv txwv li, plaub caug xub. Plaub caug xub, raws li Byzantine cov tswv yim, yuav tsum yog tub rog tua neeg.

Hauv 615 (616), Slavs, thaum lawv coj Salona hauv Dalmatia, cuam nws

"Xub, ces darts."

Kev tawm tsam tau ua los ntawm toj siab. Thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej siege ntawm Thessalonica ncig 618, Slavs

"Lawv xa cov xub mus rau ntawm phab ntsa zoo li huab daus."

“Thiab nws yog qhov txawv thaum pom cov neeg coob coob [ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov xub], uas ua rau tsis pom kev ntawm lub hnub;

zoo li huab nqa lawg, yog li [cov neeg tsis paub] tau kaw lub qhov taub ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej nrog cov xub ya thiab pob zeb."

Qhov xwm txheej zoo tib yam tshwm sim thaum lub nroog Thessaloniki raug kaw nyob rau xyoo 670s:

"Tom qab ntawd txhua tus tsiaj muaj sia nyob hauv nroog tau pom, zoo li lub caij ntuj no lossis huab cua uas muaj huab, muaj ntau tus xub xub, nrog lub zog txiav hla huab cua thiab tig lub teeb mus rau qhov tsaus ntuj."

"Los nag ntawm cov xub", "cov xub ya zoo li huab los ua huab" yog tsis yog Vajtswv lub siab nyiam thiab riam phom?

Vajtswv pab kom kov yeej. Thiab qhov pom tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev txhawb nqa.

Archaeology txog hneev thiab xub ntawm Slavs

Mauritius Stratig qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yooj yim-rau-tsim cov hneev thiab cov nyo hau nyuaj ntawm cov nomads thiab Loos xav tau kev piav qhia ntxiv.

Kev sib tw hneev tau siv feem ntau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nees, uas Slavs xyaum tsis koom nrog. Txawm hais tias peb xav tias hauv tebchaws Ltalis Antes tsis ua tub rog, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Loos, feem ntau, lawv yuav siv hneev ntawm cov nomads lossis Loos.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hneev sib xyaw pom hauv Hittsy (Gadyachensky koog tsev kawm ntawv, cheeb tsam Poltava, Ukraine) tuaj yeem lees paub qhov no. Tab sis lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem taw qhia tias qhov pob txha no tsuas yog qee qhov tau txais rau Slavic kev sib hais haum ntawm Penkovo keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua.

Tau kawg, Slavs tuaj yeem tua los ntawm txoj hlua nyuab nyuab uas tau txais rau lawv. Tab sis nws qhov kev siv loj yog tawm ntawm cov lus nug. (Kazansky M. M., Kozak D. N.).

Tab sis rab hneev tau yooj yim ua, thiab tau siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Hauv kev ua tsov rog (nrog nws siv loj heev), nws ua kom muaj kev vam meej rau Slavs.

Cia peb rov qab los ua ntu zus ntawm kev ntes Mr. Topper.

Thaum xub thawj, cov Slavs tau ntxias cov tub rog, uas tau poob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, raug rhuav tshem. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau poob huab ntawm xub ntawm phab ntsa hauv nroog, siv, ntawm lwm yam, toj, los ntawm qhov uas nws yooj yim dua rau tua. Cov neeg hauv nroog (cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig) tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam dab tsi rau qhov no. Thiab lawv tau khiav tawm ntawm phab ntsa, lossis "raug tshem tawm" los ntawm kev tua. Thiab lub nroog tau coj.

Muab qhov zoo ntawm Slavs hauv tus lej, kev siv cov riam phom no muaj feem cuam tshuam thiab ua kom yeej.

Yog tias hneev taw ntawm cov neeg Slavs thaum ub tsis pom txhua, tom qab ntawd nrog cov xub (ntau dua, nrog cov xub xub) qhov xwm txheej zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ntau yam khoom siv.

Txog rau tam sim no, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tau mob siab rau lawv txoj cai.

MM Kazansky hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe muaj 41 lub taub hau. Thaum A. S. Polyakov - 63. Shuvalov ntseeg tias Kazansky tsis suav nrog lwm 10 tus xub xub los ntawm thaj chaw Wallachia thiab Moldavia.

Qhov pom tau tuaj yeem faib ua peb hom: peb-bladed, ob-winged (ob-winged), thiab nplooj-puab.

Cov lus nug ntawm haiv neeg ntawm cov xub xub tseem qhib. Hom nplooj tsis paub meej txog haiv neeg kev sib tham. Kev sib cav tau tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub ntsej muag. MM Kazansky ntaus nqi peb-bladed xub mus rau hom Slavic, thiab P. V. Shuvalov ntseeg tias cov no yog cov xub ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.

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Duab

Pom ntawm cov xub xub no tau pom thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj ntawm cov neeg coj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua sib txawv, tsis yog nomads xwb. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lawv siv dav los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zej zog. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg Slavs thaum ub.

Hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Dniep er thiab Neman, qhov twg yog pab pawg neeg Baltic thaum ub nyob, 20 qhov pom lub taub hau no tau pom nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Hauv tebchaws Lithuania, hauv Plinkaigale qhov chaw faus neeg, tau pom ob lub xub xub hauv ob lub qhov ntxa uas cov txiv neej raug tua. Lawv dhau los ua "qhov laj thawj rau kev pam tuag." Ntawd yog, cov xub tsis yog los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv nroog, tab sis rau cov uas tawm tsam lawv. (Kazakevichus V.)

Cov Slavs tej zaum yuav tau zoo siv cov xub xub ua cov khoom lag luam tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov nomads. Ib qho "khoom lag luam" uas tau "tsiv teb tsaws chaw" hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv. Thiab tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi los qhia qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog txoj hlua nyuab nyuab yuav tsum tau siv los siv cov xub nrog cov lus qhia.

Cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no lees paub cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tias thaum ntxov Slavs siv rab hneev ntoo me me.

Cov lus qhia ob-spiked lossis ob-tis tis tau txuas nrog ob tus neeg German thiab Slavs. A. Panikarsky kawm tshawb pom pom cov taub hau zoo li no. Cov xub no muaj lub zog loj dhau, raws li tau qhia los ntawm kev sim ua hauv tebchaws Askiv xyoo 2006 nrog rab hneev lus Askiv thiab cov xub zoo sib xws.

Mas P. V. Shuvalov ntseeg hais tias tsuas yog ib hom xub xub tsim rau cov hneev me me Slavic. Thiab nws tau sawv cev los ntawm qhov pom tsuas yog los ntawm kev sib hais haum ntawm Odaya (Moldavia) nyob ib puag ncig xyoo pua 7th. Qhov no yog cov lus qhia petiole nrog lub tiaj rhombic ntu ntu plaub, ua kom pom tseeb rau qhov, 4, 5 cm ntev.

Duab
Duab

Vim qhov tseeb tias cov kws ntaus hlau nyob nruab nrab ntawm Slavs, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, tsis tshwm sim ntxov dua li xyoo pua 8, tom qab ntawd (tsis sib xws rau cov ntawv pov thawj) cov lus nug tseem nyob li cas cov kws txua hluav taws xob Slavic muab lawv pab pawg nrog cov lej kom raug.

Tej zaum qhov tsis muaj qhov taub hlau tau them los ntawm pob txha? Los yog tsuas yog cov lus qhia ntse, smear nrog cov tshuaj lom?

Cov lus xaus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias hneev thiab xub nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb, ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua tsov rog. Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov ntawv sau tsis tau them nyiaj rau lawv, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm pab pawg neeg lub siab xav ua tim khawv rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov Slavs txuas rau nws.

Cov Slavs siv cov xub xub, ob leeg qiv ncaj qha thiab theej los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze, them nyiaj rau qhov cuam tshuam me me ntawm rab hneev yooj yim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom.

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