Los ntawm ib nrab -Fifties, lub peev xwm ntawm riam phom foob pob hluav taws hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam tau pom tseeb, tab sis phom tiv thaiv lub tank tseem tsis tau maj mus rau yav dhau los. Lwm qhov kev sim tau tsim los ua kom muaj kev cia siab tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej lub foob pob hluav taws nrog rau riam phom ntawm kev nce hwj chim. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm "Taran" tau tsim ACS "Lub Hom Phiaj 120" thiab rab phom 152-mm M-69 rau nws. Hais txog lawv tus yam ntxwv kev sib ntaus, ob qho piv txwv dhau txhua qhov kev txhim kho ntawm lawv lub sijhawm.
R & D "Ram"
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1957, ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm USSR Council of Ministers tau teeb tsa chav kawm rau kev txhim kho cov tsheb tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev lag luam tau ua lub luag haujlwm los tsim ntau lub tsheb tiv thaiv uas muaj riam phom coj los, nrog rau cov phom loj nrog cov cuab yeej siv siab. Kev tsim ntawm ACS tau ua tiav hauv lub hauv paus ntawm R & D "Taran".
Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv, ACS tshiab xav tias yuav tsum muaj qhov hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 30 tons thiab nqa kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub plhaub ntawm cov calibers me thiab nruab nrab. Rau rab phom tua tus kheej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim rab phom loj uas hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 4.5 tons nrog kev tua ncaj qha ntawm lub hom phiaj hom tank ntawm 3 km. Ntawm qhov deb no, rab phom yuav tsum nkag mus rau 300 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov pom ntawm 30 °.
Tus neeg cog lus tseem ceeb rau "Taran" yog OKB-3 ntawm Sverdlovsk "Uralmashzavod", coj los ntawm G. S. Efimov. Kev tsim cov phom tau tso siab rau Perm SKB-172 tus thawj tsim qauv M. Yu. Tsirulnikova. Kev txhaj tshuaj tau tsim los ntawm Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb-24 raws li kev coj ua ntawm V. S. Krenev and V. V. Yavorsky. Ntau lub koom haum tau koom nrog R&D ua cov tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom ib leeg thiab cov khoom siv.
Ob rab phom
Nyob rau tib lub xyoo 1957, ntau lub koom haum coj los ntawm SKB-172 tau nrhiav kev pom zoo ntawm riam phom rau yav tom ntej ACS. Kev suav suav tau qhia tias qhov xav tau sib piv ntawm kev tua hluav taws thiab huab hwm coj tuaj yeem muaj qhov system ntawm caliber 130 thiab 152, 4 mm. Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, SKB-172 ua tiav kev tsim qauv ua ntej rau ob qhov riam phom zoo sib xws. Cov khoom lag luam nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 130 mm tau txais lub npe ua haujlwm M-68. Lub phom 152 hli tau xaiv M-69.
Txoj haujlwm M-68 tau muab rab phom ntev 130-mm nrog rab phom ntev txog 10405 mm (80 calibers) rau kev cais cais rooj plaub. Kev kwv yees thawj zaug ntawm qhov projectile tau nce mus txog 1800 m / s. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom ntawm kev teeb tsa yog 3800 kg - 700 kg tsawg dua qhov tso cai siab tshaj plaws raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws tau thov kom tua cov cuab yeej siv phom tshwj xeeb uas tsim los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom loj uas hnyav 9 kg. Nws cov yam ntxwv nkag mus tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Kuj tseem muab rau lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg ntau nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob.
Hauv M-69 txoj haujlwm, rab phom 152-mm nrog rab phom du ntawm tib qhov ntev tau ua tiav. Tus txheeb ze ntev ntawm lub thoob yog 68, 5 calibers. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai 4500 kg. Qhov kwv yees siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov projectile yog 1700 m / s. Tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam, rab phom yuav tsum siv 11, 5-kg armor-piercing sub-caliber projectile lossis cov mos txwv sib sau ua ke. Kev tiv thaiv thiab cov neeg muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog lub foob pob tawg loj tawg.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1958, ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg thev naus laus zis, suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tau hloov pauv. Tshwj xeeb, thaj tsam ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha ntawm lub hom phiaj nrog qhov siab ntawm 3 m tau raug txo mus rau 2.5 km. Lwm yam kev xav tau tseem zoo ib yam. Tam sim no cov tuam txhab tau tsim thiab sim ob hom phom sim.
Kev tsim khoom thiab kev tua tom ntej ntawm M-68 thiab M-69 cov khoom siv sijhawm ib xyoos. Cov thoob pawg tau tsim los ntawm tsob ntoo # 172. Cov mos txwv tau txais los ntawm cov tuam txhab cuam tshuam. Cov kev ntsuas tau ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tsob ntoo siv M36-BU-3 kev teeb tsa pob. Thaum lub sijhawm sim tua, nws muaj peev xwm lees paub lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1959, tau muaj lub rooj sib tham tshiab, uas qhov kev pom zaum kawg ntawm yav tom ntej ACS "Taran" lossis "Object 120" tau txiav txim siab. Thaum xaiv riam phom rau rab phom rau tus kheej, qhov txiav txim siab yog qhov ntau ntawm cov mos txwv. Lub 130-mm M-68 rab phom tuaj yeem tsuas yog tsoo lub tank nrog cov phom loj, thaum M-69 kuj tseem muaj cov mos txwv ntau ntxiv. Vim tias muaj kev yooj yim dua ntawm daim ntawv thov rau kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab siv "Taran", tau muab rab phom 152-mm du.
Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1960 tom ntej, Uralmashzavod tau txais ob qhov kev sim phom M-69 rau kev teeb tsa ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj 120. Tsis ntev, tsuas yog ib rab phom uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tus kheej nrog cov riam phom no tau mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob.
Cov yam ntxwv zoo
Cov khoom lag luam tiav M-69, siv ua ib feem ntawm rab phom tua tus kheej "Taran" yog rab phom du nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 152.4 mm nrog rab phom ntev ntawm 9.045 m, siv cais lub tes tsho thauj khoom. Lub taub hau ntawm rab phom tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob semi-automatic. Lub ejector tau muab tso ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Txhawm rau them ib nrab rau qhov rov qab los, siv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg nres nrog 20 qhov ntawm txhua sab.
Phom phom muaj hydropneumatic recoil cov cuab yeej nrog lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm 47 tf. Vim tias siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no thiab siv lub tshuab nqus pa kom zoo, qhov siab tshaj plaws ncua ntev tsuas yog 300 hli.
Kev taw qhia ntsug ntawm qhov viav vias ib feem nrog lub cuab yeej tau ua tiav los ntawm hydraulic lossis ua haujlwm. Cov kev taw qhia kaum yog los ntawm -5 ° txog + 15 °. Kev teeb tsa suav nrog cov txheej txheem uas, tom qab txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, tau xa rov qab lub thoob mus rau lub kaum sab xis. Phom phom tau nyob hauv ib lub turret ntawm kev sib hloov, uas tau muab tua rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia.
"Lub Hom Phiaj 120" thauj cov mos txwv los ntawm 22 cais kev thauj mus los. Rau kev pub sai dua rau hauv rab phom, lub plhaub thiab cov hlua tau muab tso rau hauv lub nruas pawg. Vim li no, rab phom tuaj yeem tua 2 zaug hauv 20 vib nas this.
Ntau qhov kev sib tw rau lub hom phiaj sib txawv tau tsim rau M-69. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tib neeg lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv, lub foob pob tawg 152-mm siab tawg uas hnyav 43.5 kg nrog lub zog tiv thaiv 3.5 kg (txo) lossis 10.7 kg (tag nrho) tau npaj tseg. Kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv tau muab nrog cov phom loj thiab subcaliber hnyav 11, 5 kg. Ua ke nrog lawv, casings nrog 9, 8-kg nqi tau siv.
Qhov nrawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm qhov sub-caliber projectile yog 1710 m / s. Qhov ntau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha ntawm lub hom phiaj nrog qhov siab ntawm 2 m - 2.5 km. Qhov siab hauv qhov av tau txog 4 txhiab kgf / cm2. Lub zog muzzle - ntau dua 19, 65 MJ. Kev tua hluav taws zoo tau mus txog ob peb kilometers.
Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 3.5 km, nrog kev ntaus ncaj qha rau lub hom phiaj, qhov projectile tau nkag mus rau 295 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws. Ntawm lub rooj sib tham kaum ntawm 60 °, kev nkag mus tau txo mus rau 150 hli. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2 km, rab phom tuaj yeem nkag tau 340 mm (0 ° kaum) lossis 167 mm (60 ° kaum). Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1 km, qhov siab tshaj plaws nkag tau mus txog 370 hli.
Yog li, ACS tshiab tshaj plaws "Lub Hom Phiaj 120" nrog rab phom M-69 tuaj yeem ua tiav cov tsheb uas muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm thaj tsam li ob peb kilometers. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias raws li qee tus yam ntxwv, rab phom 152-mm los ntawm rau caum xyoo tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov qauv niaj hnub no.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev txav mus los ntawm rab phom tua tus kheej raug kev txom nyem, txij li qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob loj tau nce tag nrho qhov loj ntawm lub tsheb tiv thaiv. Txawm hais tias tom qab qhov kev tso kawm ntawm chav sib ntaus, lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub thoob tau nthuav dav ob peb metres sab nraum lub hull. Thaum tsav tsheb hla qhov av ntxhib, qhov no tau hem tias yuav ua rau lub pob tw mus rau hauv av nrog qhov tsis zoo.
Xaus qhov "Battering Ram"
Kev sim ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj 120 rab phom tua tus kheej nrog M-69 rab phom pib thaum pib xyoo 1960 thiab tsuas yog siv ob peb hlis xwb. Twb tau nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 30, Pawg Sab Laj tau txiav txim siab tsum tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Ram" vim qhov kev cia siab tias yuav dhau mus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam tau txais txoj haujlwm los txhim kho rab phom 125-mm tshiab nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo tuaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog phom 2A26 / D-81. Ua ke nrog nws, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank tshiab tau tsim.
Qhov tsis xav tau kev sim "Lub Hom Phiaj 120" raug xa mus rau qhov chaw cia khoom. Tom qab ntawd nws tau mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog hauv Kubinka, qhov uas txhua tus tuaj yeem pom nws tam sim no. Qhov rab phom tua tus kheej tam sim nyiam mloog nrog lub thoob ntev dai ntawm txoj kev rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj nres, M-69 rab phom yuav luag mus txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
Nrog rau kev kaw R&D "Taran", ua haujlwm ntawm 152-mm du-bore canonons rau sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam nres ntev. Cov phiaj xwm tshiab ntawm cov riam phom no tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yim caum, thaum qhov xav tau tshwm sim los ua kom lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam loj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus qhia no tseem tsis tau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig thiab tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam rau kev rov txhim kho cov tub rog.
Cov phom 152-mm M-69 tau tsim los ntawm SKB-172 yog ib rab phom uas muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm thiab tuaj yeem lav tau los daws cov haujlwm uas tau hais tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias ua ntej ua tiav qhov kev sim ntawm nws cov neeg nqa khoom, nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg qhov ntsuas loj kom haum rau cov kab ke ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, M-69 rab phom loj thiab Lub Phiaj Xwm 120 rab phom tua tus kheej thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas tau tuaj yeem qhia tus yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws, ua tsaug uas lawv coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm riam phom hauv tsev thiab khoom siv tub rog.
