Ua ntej tau paub nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm tshwj xeeb Soviet kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, nws tsim nyog hais txog nws keeb kwm luv luv. Thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau luam tawm xyoo 1944, thaum nws tsim nyog los piav qhia qhov kev paub ntau ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tank thiab sib pauv tswv yim. Txhua tus lej tau muab cais, uas tau pib raug tshem tawm tom qab ntau dua 40 xyoo. Yog li, thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm Tank Kev Lag Luam Xov Xwm tau nthuav dav rau cov neeg nyeem ntau yam nkaus xwb thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27, 1987. Thiab los ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm 80s, txoj cai zais cia raug tshem tawm tsuas yog plaub xyoos dhau los.
Qhov kev xaj kom npaj cov ntawv xov xwm tau kos npe los ntawm Cov Neeg Commissar Malyshev rov qab rau lub Cuaj Hli 1943. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb thiab tus tsim qauv ntawm Soviet lub tank kev lag luam tau suav nrog hauv pawg thawj coj hloov kho. Tus editor-in-chief yog Yauxej Kotin, tus tsim lub tank hnyav thiab tus thawj coj ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Nikolay Sinev, tus lwm thawj tus tsim qauv ntawm tsob ntoo Kirov, ua haujlwm ua tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshaj lij thiab tus lwm thawj Kotin hauv chaw kho ntaub ntawv. Pawg tswj hwm kab ke, ntawm lwm tus, suav nrog tus kws tshawb fawb hlau Andrey Zavyalov, tus tsim thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum Armored nto moo; Feem ntau ntawm Engineering thiab Tank Service, Engineer-Engineer Yuri Stepanov; tus lwm thawj coj ntawm lub chaw sim hauv Kubinka rau kev tshawb fawb thiab ntsuas kev ua haujlwm, tus kws tshaj lij-tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm Alexander Sych. Chaw ua haujlwm kho ntaub ntawv tau nyob hauv Moscow ntawm txoj kev Sadovo-Sukharevskaya, tsev naj npawb 11; tam sim no lub tsev no yog chav txais tos ntawm Ministry of Interior. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm yog "Tuag rau cov neeg nyob hauv German!"
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias "Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog" tsis yog tsuas yog lub tank tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm hauv lub tebchaws: txij li xyoo 1942, "Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog" tau luam tawm hauv USSR. Nws yog cov ntawv xov xwm nrov tsis muaj lub cim xeeb ntawm kev zais, uas tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev paub txog kev saib xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm (lossis, raws li nws tau ua raws li niaj hnub hais, "kev ua phem"). Yog tias "Vestnik" tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Lag Luam Tank, tom qab ntawd "Phau ntawv sau xov xwm …" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv kev pab los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog thiab Cov Tsav Tsheb Loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab. Ua ntej me ntsis, peb yuav hais tias hauv qhov teeb meem thawj zaug ntawm daim ntawv zais "Cov ntawv xov xwm" muaj cov lus tshaj tawm luv luv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm hauv "Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv". Tshwj xeeb, cov neeg nyeem tau ceeb toom txog cov ntawv mob siab rau "lub koom haum thiab kev tawm tsam siv rab phom loj ntawm tus kheej hauv pab tub rog German", "kev khiav tawm ntawm lub tso tsheb loj thaum muaj xwm ceev", "tua los ntawm lub tank thaum hmo ntuj" thiab txawm tias "kev tawm tsam thaum tsoo los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. kev tiv thaiv hauv thaj chaw hav zoov."
Thawj Lub Ib Hlis qhov teeb meem ntawm "Vestnik" (kos npe rau luam tawm ntawm 1944-21-01, nthuav tawm 1000 daim ntawv luam tawm) tshaj tawm cov lus tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Nizhny Tagil cog No. 183 "rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm, poj niam ua haujlwm, kws tshaj lij, kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam tank. " Los ntawm cov ntawv me me uas muaj lub siab xav, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub tias tsob ntoo tsis kam ua xyoo 1943 los ntawm 800 tus neeg ua haujlwm uas tau faib los ua kom tau raws li txoj kev npaj, tau npaj tseg thiab ua ntej Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, ua ntej lub sijhawm, ua tiav txhua xyoo kev tsim khoom ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev ua haujlwm tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb: xyoo 1943, piv rau xyoo 1942, kev loj hlob yog 28%, thiab tus nqi tsim khoom poob los ntawm ib feem tsib! Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv Nizhny Tagil, lawv tseem tswj hwm kom rov cog tsob ntoo Kharkov thiab xa 304 lub tshuab txiav hlau, 4 chav ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom, 150-tuj xovxwm thiab ntau dua ib thiab ib nrab txhiab units ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv ib xyoos.. Cov neeg tsim cov tank tau cog lus ruaj khov hauv xyoo 1944 tshiab los ua haujlwm hnyav dua thiab ua raws li ntau lub luag haujlwm tshiab. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 23, cov neeg ua haujlwm cog tau npaj muab Motherland cov kem tso tsheb hlau luam ntau dhau ntawm txoj kev npaj, thiab txog thaum kawg ntawm thawj peb lub hlis twg - lwm qhov. Tsis tas li, thaum thawj peb lub hlis ntawm xyoo tshiab hauv Nizhny Tagil, lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm los teeb tsa tsawg kawg 10 kab kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tank ntau lawm thiab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm 25 lub tshuab tshiab. Hauv kev ncig, ib qho khoom sib cais ntawm txoj kev npaj teeb tsa 5% txoj cai - rau qhov kev faib tawm no hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg lawv npaj yuav nce kev tsim khoom thiab txo kev tsis lees paub. Xyoo 1943-44, Kharkov Tank Plant tau txhawb nqa los ntawm tus lej cog 183 (Nizhny Tagil). Nws tau txiav txim siab los thaiv txoj phiaj xwm hauv kev muab cov khoom siv rau cov tuam txhab Ukrainian. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv tau cog lus tias yuav xa 60 units ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, 260 lub tshuab hluav taws xob, ib lub tshuab pa, 120 lub cuab yeej siv rau "ntsuas" (tshwj xeeb yog lus Lavxias hauv lub sijhawm ntawd) thiab cov chaw kuaj hlau. Thiab thaum kawg, cov neeg ua haujlwm cog cog lus los muab kev pabcuam zoo hauv kev npaj phiaj xwm cog qoob loo, ntxiv rau muab cov khoom siv thiab kev txhawb nqa rau peb tus txhawb nqa MTS.
Los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv
Hauv thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Tank Kev Lag Luam, pawg thawj coj hloov kho tau paub cov neeg nyeem nrog cov haujlwm uas ntsib cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab caw txhua tus neeg txaus siab xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Qee qhov quotes:
Cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm yuav npog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam, rab phom rau tus kheej, lub tshuab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov khoom siv tso tsheb hlau luam. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yuav muab rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm rau kev txiav txim siab thiab tshuaj xyuas lub tank thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm peb cov yeeb ncuab.
Cov ntawv xov xwm tseem yuav paub cov neeg tsim lub tank Soviet nrog kev paub thiab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim lub tank ntawm peb cov phooj ywg.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom loj thiab hauv kab tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov cav thiab cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ua thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam tank yuav nyob rau qee qhov chaw ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm peb cov ntawv xov xwm.
Cov ntawv xov xwm yuav hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv phom hull, kev xaiv qib ntawm cov hlau siv hauv lub tank tsim, nrog rau lawv cov thev naus laus zis."
Raws li tus kws sau ntawv "Vestnik" pom "cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij, cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam tank." Cov ntawv tau txais tsuas yog luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm ib sab nrog ob ntu. Los ntawm cov duab, kos duab thiab kab duab, lawv tau thov kom tshem tawm txhua yam tsis tseem ceeb uas yuav tsis meej.
Cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm cov phau ntawv tshiab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, luam tawm hauv thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm Tank Kev Lag Luam Xov Xwm, kuj tseem muaj kev txaus siab heev. Xyoo 1943 thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1944, USSR tau tshaj tawm tsis yog phau ntawv qhia rau "kev ua haujlwm" ntawm T-34, KV-1s, SU-122, SU-152 thiab SU-76 (rau kev siv ua haujlwm), tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm zoo. Yog li, hauv Tashkent phau ntawv 786-nplooj ntawv "Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam. Tsim thiab suav ". Nws yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog lub npe tom qab V. I. I. V. Stalin. Xibfwb N. A. Yakovlev luam tawm thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1944 phau ntawv "Tsim thiab suav cov tso tsheb hlau luam" hauv Moscow lub tsev tshaj tawm "Mashgiz". Thiab qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm theoretical ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm kev tsim lub tank, uas tau tshaj tawm thaum tsov rog. Kev lag luam hauv tsev tau nce siab, thiab nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv ntau heev tau sau tseg uas xav tau kev nkag siab.
Muaj peev xwm ua yeeb ncuab txheej txheem
Txij thaum pib ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab txog thaum kawg ntawm 40s, cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov thev naus laus zis txawv teb chaws yog German cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom siv Allied. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv los piav qhia txog thev naus laus zis German - cov khoom plig tau muab rau cov kws tsim txuj ci ntau yam. Yog li, txog xyoo 1949, lawv tau daws cov cuab yeej ntawm German 600-mm mortars thiab lub tank Maus loj heev. Pawg tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua tau paub nrog cov ntawv xov xwm txawv teb chaws cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam tsim lub tank - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv nqe lus "Los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm txawv teb chaws." Cov no tsis yog txhais lus, tab sis tsuas yog piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm kab lus. Ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm uas tau taug qab los ntawm cov tshaj tawm yog Automative Industries, SAE Journal, Automobile Engineer, thiab SAE Quarterly Transactions. Rau txhua kab lus nthuav, cov zis tau qhia: lub npe ntawm phau ntawv sau, ntim, tus lej thiab nplooj ntawv. Dab tsi nyiam tshwj xeeb mloog ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom siv hauv tsev? Piv txwv li, "Tsib Qhov Nyuaj Nrog Diesel Cav Li Qub", "Qhov Ua Tau Zoo ntawm Qhov Siab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Ob-Stroke Diesel Cav" thiab txawm tias "Damping Noise of Aircraft Engines".
Xyoo 1946, cov ntawv xov xwm tau hloov pauv hauv qab tis ntawm Lub Tank Loj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Thauj Mus Los (Tib Neeg Txoj Cai Lij Choj raug tshem tawm), thiab ob xyoos tom qab nws tau dhau los ua ob-hlis kev tshawb fawb thiab ntawv xov xwm.
Thawj thawj zaug, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm tshwm sim hauv "Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Tank Kev Lag Luam" xyoo 1952, thaum Asmeskas M-46 raug ntes hauv Kauslim raug tshuaj xyuas thiab nqis hauv Kubinka. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog lub tsheb tau luam tawm ib xyoos thiab ib nrab; lawv tsis tsim lub tswv yim zoo ntawm lub tank. Hais txog qhov qis qis, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau sau tseg tias M-46 tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tshiab hauv paus thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rov ua dua ntawm kev tsim qauv ntawm lub cev qis ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam Asmeskas yav dhau los. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tank, hauv kev xav ntawm Soviet tus tsim qauv, tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tiav. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo, lawv kuj tseem hais txog qhov loj me, tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog, lub zog cia me me thiab, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, qhov tsis yooj yim thiab qhov nqaim hauv qhov sib ntaus sib tua (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub loader).
Ib qho ntxiv, kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub tank, ntsuas hauv kev sib piv nrog M-26 "Pershing", tsis raug tsis lees paub ib yam. Txheeb xyuas cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv ib ntawm Vestnik kab lus:
"Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm Asmeskas lub tank M-26 thiab M-46 yog molybdenum thiab manganese. Hauv qab qhov hluav taws kub, Asmeskas cov cuab yeej ua rog qhia tau zoo: tsis muaj qhov tawg, tawg lossis tawg. Cov pob qij txha txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub hulls ntawm M-26 thiab M-46 tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov muaj zog tseem ceeb thaum lub plhaub hluav taws. Txawm hais tias muaj lub siab ua haujlwm hnyav, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb tau pom hauv cov hlua txuas. Cov hlua khi ntawm Asmeskas cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog cov yob ntau. Rau kev siv vuam, cov npoo ntawm cov ntu tau raug rau "K" thiab "X" -shaped grooves nrog zawj kaum ze rau 45 degrees. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntu sib txawv sib txawv ntawm 7 hli txog 22 hli, nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov ntu. Kev vuam ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau nqa nrog cov hlau austenitic electrode hlau nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm molybdenum. Cov ntawv thov txheej tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov turret, nrog rau kev teeb tsa cov qauv ntawm ntu tsis zoo."
Tab sis cov cuab yeej tshem tawm M-46 tau txais cov qhab nia siab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej tshaj plaws, tom qab txhaj tshuaj, cov kab ke no tau txo cov ntsiab lus roj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm 2-3 zaug. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Kubinka qhia meej txog cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev tias "lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, ua ke nrog lub tshuab ua pa rau cov pa roj av, yuav tsis ntseeg qhov txo qis feem pua ntawm cov hmoov av hauv cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank, yog li txo lawv cov kev phom sij ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm neeg coob. " Peb yuav tsum them khoom plig rau cov tsim qauv: lawv nyeem "Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm" thiab nkag siab cov lus qhia.
