Sab hnub tuaj Slavs, Armenians thiab Anatolians txhua tus muaj Aryan txwv zeej txwv koob
Cia peb xav txog ib lo lus nug ntxiv: Tab sis dab tsi txog Caucasus, Anatolia, Sab Hnub Tuaj, Arabian Peninsula raws li muaj peev xwm ua tau cov poj koob yawm txwv hauv tebchaws Aryans, genus R1a, Proto-Slavs? Cia saib.
Armenia. Hnub nyoog ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov genus R1a yog 4400 xyoo dhau los.
Asia Me Me, Anatolian Peninsula. Kev hla dhau keeb kwm ntawm Middle East, Europe thiab Asia. Nov yog thawj tus lossis tus neeg sib tw thib ob rau "Indo-European pog koob yawg koob lub tsev". Txawm li cas los xij, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm R1a nyob ntawd tib yam 4500-4000 xyoo dhau los. Tab sis qhov no yog "Indo-European" cov poj koob yawm txwv. Thiab txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm R1a dhau los ntawm Anatolia mus rau sab hnub poob, mus rau Tebchaws Europe, txog 10-9 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws no tau txais los ntawm cov kws paub lus, uas tau tso cov lus Proto-Indo-European lus hauv Anatolia tib yam li 10-9 txhiab xyoo dhau los.
Panorama ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg Arkaim. Duab los ntawm qhov chaw ru.wikipedia.org
Tsuas yog qhov no tsis yog "tsev poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm cov lus Indo-European, nws yog kev hla ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Thiab Balkans tsis yog tsev neeg keeb kwm yav dhau, nws tseem yog kev hla tebchaws. Thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Dub Hiav Txwv tsis yog tsev neeg keeb kwm, lawv kuj tseem hla mus. Yog li qhov xwm txheej tau daws nrog cov kws paub lus, uas tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav "tsev poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm cov lus Indo-European tau ob puas xyoo, thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv.
Tsis yog thiab tsis tuaj yeem yog "tsev poj koob yawm txwv" rau cov lus uas tau ua tiav rau ntau txhiab xyoo, hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txawv thiab kev sib hloov, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws hais lus, hauv qhov no R1a ua tus nqa ntawm Proto-Indo- Cov lus European thiab tom qab ntawv Indo-European, aka lus Aryan, dhau mus ntev los ntawm sab qab teb Siberia mus rau Europe, txij li 20 txhiab xyoo dhau los txog 10-9 txhiab xyoo dhau los, thiab tom qab ntawd txog 5 txhiab xyoo dhau los mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab ntxiv mus hauv Trans-Urals mus txog Tuam Tshoj, mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Is Nrias teb thiab Iran, mus rau sab qab teb hla Caucasus mus rau Mesopotamia thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau Arabia thiab mus rau Dej Hiav Txwv Indian.
Tej zaum lawv ntxuav lawv cov khau hauv nws. Yog li rov hais dua lus, kev txhim kho hauv ib txoj hlua. Yog li, ob qho tib si Sab Hnub Poob Slavs, thiab Armenians, thiab Anatolians - txhua tus muaj ib yam qub txeeg qub teg Aryan, lossis cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob ze rau lub sijhawm, nyob rau ntau tiam neeg.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias 4500-4000 xyoo ua ntej cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Aryans hauv Anatolia pom zoo nrog lub sijhawm pom ntawm cov neeg Hittites hauv Asia Me Me hauv peb lub hlis dhau los ntawm lub xyoo txhiab thib 3 BC, txij li muaj pov thawj tias cov Hittites ntxeev siab tawm tsam Naramsin (2236-2200 BC) AD, uas yog, 4244-4208 xyoo ua ntej peb lub sijhawm).
Haplotypes ntawm genus R1a ntawm Arabian Peninsula (cov tebchaws ntawm Gulf of Oman - Qatar, United Arab Emirates). Thiab tseem - hauv Crete. Cov npe ntawm cov tebchaws no txawv txawv hauv kev txheeb ze rau genus R1a, tab sis peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, lossis cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, kuj tau mus ntsib nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, thiab cov tswv niaj hnub ntawm R1a hauv cov khoom nqa lawv cov Y chromosomes.
Hnub nyoog ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob hauv Arabian Peninsula, txiav txim los ntawm haplotypes, yog 4000 xyoo. Hnub no pom zoo nrog 4000-4500 xyoo ua ntej cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob hauv Armenia thiab Anatolia, yog tias peb coj raws li qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ntws ntawm Aryans los ntawm Central Russia Plain hla Caucasus toj thiab ntxiv sab qab teb mus rau Arabia. Hauv lwm lo lus, nthwv dej tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe, khaws cia lub sijhawm ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob hauv Caucasus thiab Asia Minor, thiab twb nyob rau qhov kawg tuag mus txog rau Arabia, hloov lub sijhawm ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv los ntawm 400-500 xyoo.
Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, haplotypes ntawm genus R1a tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau Arabia los ntawm qhev coj mus rau thaj av ntawd plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los. Tab sis nws yog nyob ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm los teb lo lus nug no. Hauv qhov pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kawg ntawm R1a haplotypes hauv Arabs, qhov no dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo li. Cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws thiab muaj npe zoo muaj R1a hais lus.
Ib qho ntawm haplotypes los ntawm cov kob ntawm Crete tau luam tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tau khaws los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Lasithi toj siab, qhov twg, raws li cov lus dab neeg, lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv tau dim thaum muaj kev tawg thiab tawg ntawm roob hluav taws Santorini 3600 xyoo dhau los, thiab tag nrho cov haplotypes tau sau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm Heraklion Prefecture. Peb suav lub neej ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob hauv Crete hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam - 4400 xyoo dhau los. Saib taus 800 xyoo ua ntej qhov tawg ntawm Santorini roob hluav taws. Tus nqi no sib xws rau lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm European kev sib cais ntawm cov genus R1a.
DNA ntawm peb cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig qhia pom tias keeb kwm European qub tshaj plaws ntawm Aryans, genus R1a, 10-9 txhiab xyoo dhau los, nyob hauv Balkans - hauv Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia. Tom qab 5000-6000 xyoo, hom neeg no yuav nthuav mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Carpathians, tsim cov Proto-Slavic, Trypillian kab lis kev cai thiab pib ua kom muaj neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob hauv IV-III txhiab xyoo BC. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov genus R1a tau nce mus rau sab qab teb, thiab 4300 xyoo dhau los - raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb DNA - tau tshwm sim hauv Lebanon.
Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ncaj qha ntawm cov thawj neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Lebanon niaj hnub no. Ntawm lawv, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm haiv neeg Aryan - Muslim Shiites los ntawm sab qab teb Lebanon, Muslim Sunnis los ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws thiab los ntawm Bekaa Valley, Maronite cov ntseeg los ntawm Lebanese sab qaum teb, Druze nyob hauv roob Lebanese.
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, pom los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev hloov pauv mus rau nws cov ntaub ntawv dav, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, tib hom neeg R1a tau txav mus rau sab hnub poob mus rau Atlantic thiab Askiv Isles, thiab sab qaum teb mus rau Scandinavia. Tib tsev neeg tuaj txog ze rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj - mus rau thaj av ntawm Poland tam sim no, Czech koom pheej, Slovakia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, Russia, nrog rau cov poj koob yawm txwv Proto -Slavic uas nyob 4800 xyoo dhau los.
Cov poj koob yawm txwv no tau muab cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv uas tseem muaj sia nyob tam sim no nyob hauv Europe, los ntawm Iceland mus rau Greece thiab Cyprus, thiab kis mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Arabian Peninsula thiab Gulf of Oman.
Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv, nrog tib yam haplotype hauv DNA, tau mus rau sab qab teb Urals, tsim kev sib haum nyob ntawd 4000-3800 xyoo dhau los, ib tus ntawm lawv (pom nyob rau xyoo 1980s) tau paub tias yog Arkaim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Aryans tawm mus rau Is Nrias teb, tau coj lawv cov Proto-Slavic haplotypes 3500 xyoo dhau los. Hauv tib II txhiab xyoo BC, pab pawg loj ntawm cov neeg R1a, uas tseem hu lawv tus kheej Aryans, tau tsiv los ntawm Central Asia mus rau Iran.
Qhov no tsuas yog, tab sis kev sib txuas tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau tag nrho cov genus R1a hu ua genus ntawm Aryans. Nws kuj tseem coj mus rau tus kheej ntawm "Indo-Europeans", Aryans, Proto-Slavs thiab cov genus R1a nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm DNA caj ces. Nws, pob ntawv no, tso cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev "Indo-Europeans", Aryans, Proto-Slavs hauv Balkans. Tib qhov txuas sib xws ua qhov chaw ntawm Balkan European "cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev", kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm Aryan-Proto-Slavs, kev sib pauv hloov pauv ntawm keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua qub txeeg qub teg thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus Indo-European, thiab qhia qhov chaw thiab sijhawm ntawm qhov pom ntawm "Indo" particle.
Tsuas yog lub tswv yim ntawm "cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev" ntawm no tsis yog cov lus keeb kwm tsev neeg, tab sis qhov chaw xav tias tuaj txog ntawm R1a cov neeg hais lus hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd nws kis thoob plaws teb chaws. Rau R1a hauv kev nkag siab dav, qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog "tsev poj koob yawm txwv". Feem ntau, kev tshawb nrhiav rau "cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob hauv tebchaws" rau kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab cov lus hauv lawv qhov kev hloov pauv ntau txhiab xyoo thiab nyob deb ntawm ntau txhiab txhiab mais kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab tsis mob siab rau, tab sis vim qee yam nws tsis tu ncua. Inertia?
Muaj tseeb, ntau tus kws txhais lus txhais "tsev poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm Indo-European cov lus tsis yog qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov lus, tab sis raws li nws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ceg, thiab lawv sim nkag siab los ntawm ib qho keeb kwm keeb kwm kev cai dab qhuas no.
Txoj haujlwm no tsis muaj kev cia siab ntau, txij li kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus Indo-European, kom hu nws Proto-Indo-European lossis Proto-Indo-European, tau tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm 20 txhiab xyoo ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm haplogroup R1a, tab sis qhov tseeb ntau dhau los, rov zoo li qub ntawm cov lus hauv 60-55 txhiab xyoo dhau los, txij li cov neeg Caucasians zoo li. Thiab tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib txawv - sib txawv, tab sis kuj yog kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab ntau lwm yam zoo li cov txheej txheem kev hais lus tsis sib xws.
Thaum kawg, tib qhov kev sib txuas tau piav qhia saum toj no, uas tso cai rau tag nrho cov genus R1a hu ua genus ntawm Aryans, ntseeg tau pom tias Proto-Slavs tsis tau hais lus "Indo-Iranian" lus, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Proto-Slavs coj lawv cov lus Aryan mus rau Is Nrias teb thiab Iran, thiab lub sijhawm thaum cov lus no tshwm sim hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Iran, tsim los ntawm cov kws txhais lus, tau ua tiav zoo ib yam nrog lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Pre-Slavs muaj- lub sijhawm kaw hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ntawm peb cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig ntawm hom R1a. Nov yog kwv yees li 3500 xyoo dhau los, tab sis cov no yog lub sijhawm pom cov lus hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Iran, cov lus lawv tus kheej tau tsim ua ntej ntau dua, raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.
Thaj, qhov sib txawv ntawm Aryan lus rau "Indo-Aryan", "Iranian", thiab cov lus ntawm Mitannian Aryans, "Middle Eastern", tau tshwm sim thaum sib txawv ntawm Aryans hauv cov lus qhia no los ntawm Lavxias Plain, txog 4500 xyoo yav dhau los, nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo txhiab thib 3 BC. Tab sis kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw (lossis kev ntoj tub rog) sib txawv sai heev, thiab cov lus yog kev saib xyuas kev lag luam, yog li kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem sau hnub tim txog 4000 xyoo dhau los.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm Aryans mus rau Is Nrias teb thiab Iranian toj siab, txog 3500 xyoo dhau los, cov lus twb tau sib txawv txaus los tsim cov ceg ntoo ntawm Aryan lus.
Tab sis cov genus R1a tau mus rau Balkans, thiab los ntawm qhov twg? Nrog "lub tsev qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Indo-Europeans", uas tau dhau los ua Aryans, lawv kuj yog Proto-Slavs, peb xam nws tawm. Thiab qhov twg yog "tsev poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm "proto-Indo-Europeans"? Thaum twg thiab nyob qhov twg Nostratic cov lus tau tshwm sim, yog tias peb lees txais qhov no tsis tau lees paub lub npe? Dab tsi yog daim duab ntawm kev ntws, kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm "proto-Indo-Europeans" uas coj mus rau qhov pom ntawm Aryans, Proto-Slavs hauv lawv cov keeb kwm keeb kwm tsev niaj hnub no? Ntau ntxiv txog qhov no tom qab.
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