Nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv no, kab lus ntawm kab lus "Sib ntaus ntawm Dej khov" xaus. Thiab cov uas nyiam cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm hauv nws, thiab cov uas lawv "tau nyam hauv lawv lub caj pas," tsis tuaj yeem tsis nco qab tias cov ntaub ntawv tau raug xaiv nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev ntau: cov ntawv keeb kwm rau kev kawm ywj pheej, pom ntawm qhov xwm txheej no raws kev xav ntawm cov neeg paub keeb kwm Lavxias zoo li Kirpichnikov, Danilevsky, Kvyatkovsky, Zhukov, thaum kawg, yuav ua li cas qhov xwm txheej no tau pom los ntawm cov keeb kwm hais lus Askiv niaj hnub no, thiab tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los saib seb nws tau xav li cas hauv kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los.
Ib qho kev nqis tes ua - yog tias nws tau sau txog nws, ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog. Xov xwm zoo yog qhov zoo. Tsis zoo - tsis zoo. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshaj tawm ua haujlwm nrog cov pej xeem. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog qhov tseeb rau qhov no - qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo tshaj qhov tsis zoo - uas cov neeg sau xov xwm "tsis nyiam" PR cov neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo nkag tau yooj yim dua rau cov neeg sau xov xwm. Nws, ib tus yuav hais, nws tus kheej mus rau hauv lawv txhais tes, thiab qhov zoo yuav tsum tau nrhiav. Thiab lawv them rau ob qho tib si, thiab txij li tsis muaj leej twg xav ua kom nruj … cov neeg sau xov xwm xaiv thawj zaug. Tab sis PR cov tib neeg, los ntawm lub ntsiab lus, yuav tsum zam qhov tsis zoo, thiab lawv tseem muab qhov zoo rau cov neeg sau xov xwm. Nws yog qhov txaj muag, tau kawg, rau cov neeg sau xov xwm, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Raws li peb paub los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm James Grunig, muaj plaub tus qauv ntawm PR kev coj ua, thiab thawj ntawm lawv yog qhov kev tshaj tawm meej thiab txhawb siab. Thiab nws yuav coj txawv txawv yog tias muaj xwm txheej xws li "Sib ntaus ntawm Dej khov" tsis koom nrog hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tswj hwm tib neeg. Yog li cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm keeb kwm kev pom, tab sis kuj los ntawm qhov pom ntawm PR thev naus laus zis, uas yog, nws tau nthuav tawm rau lub zej zog no li cas. Thiab qhov xwm txheej no tau nthuav tawm hauv txoj hauv kev uas ua rau, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi, nyob rau hauv qhov muag ntawm peb cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, dhau los yuav luag "kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog" feem ntau vim yog kev txawj ntse PR-txhawb nqa. Tab sis nws tau dhau los tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua XX. Rau peb cov poj koob yawm txwv uas nyob rau xyoo XIII, nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Tsawg kawg suav nws … los ntawm cov lus. Yog li, Novgorod Chronicle muab nws 125 lo lus, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Neva (1240) 232 lo lus, thaum cov lus hais txog Rakovor sib ntaus sib tua (1268) twb tau xa los ntawm 780 lo lus, piv txwv li. yuav luag rau lub sijhawm ntau dua tau hais txog nws ntau dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov loj dua, cov lus ntawm Novgorod tus hais txog nws tseem hais txog tus cwj pwm mus rau Tsov Rog ntawm Rakovorskoy, tias "kev tua neeg tau txaus ntshai heev, zoo li tsis yog leej txiv thiab leej txiv tau pom". Ntawd yog, qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no thiab cov uas tau ua ntej dhau los tau muab piv rau.
Zoo, kev nyiam ntawm "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Cov Dej" tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txawj ntse ntawm Soviet kev tshaj tawm thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj, thaum lub sijhawm Alexander Nevsky cov duab, raws li tus yeej ntawm Knights ntawm Teutonic Order, tau sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev yeej hla Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Yog li txhua qhov kev sim ntawm nws lub neej yog pom los ntawm cov neeg nyob deb ntawm keeb kwm raws li kev sim thiab yeej hauv Great Patriotic War, thiab ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws loj heev. Ntxiv mus, daim duab ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander tsis nrov heev nyob rau xyoo 20-30s ntawm Soviet lub sijhawm thiab tsuas yog dhau sijhawm pib ua haujlwm txhawb nqa.
Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej tshaj plaws, zaj yeeb yaj kiab raug tua. Thaum xub thawj nws muaj cov phiaj xwm sib txawv thiab qhov xaus sib txawv, tab sis Comrade Stalin, tom qab nyeem tsab ntawv, tau sau rau nws: "Xws li tus thawj coj zoo tsis tuaj yeem tuag" thiab … Eisenstein tsis tso cai rau tus tub huabtais tuag thaum kawg!
Nikolai Cherkasov ua Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander Nevsky yog ib tus ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws (1938).
Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tso tawm, pib pom, tab sis … tam sim ntawd tom qab Lub Yim Hli 23, 1939 nws tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev xauj tsev. Tom qab ntawd peb thiaj xav ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg German uas peb txiav txim siab tsis ua phem rau lawv nrog Soviet kos duab!
Tab sis txij li thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, zaj yeeb yaj kiab tau rov qab los rau ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiab nrog rau kev saib, lawv kuj tau pib xyaum cov lus luv thiab lus pom rau nws, thiab tom qab tshuaj xyuas, lawv pib tham txog nws. Yog tias peb saib cov ntawv tshaj tawm, peb tam sim pom tias lawv tau hloov pauv li cas txij thaum pib ua tsov rog. Ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 1938, peb pom Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander coj cov tub rog mus ua rog. Cov yeeb ncuab tsis pom! Saib epic, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv!
Daim ntawv loj loj ntawm zaj duab xis "Alexander Nevsky" xyoo 1938
Ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm 41st - lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab twb tau nthuav tawm zoo heev, thiab tsis yog paub daws teeb, zoo li ua ntej tsov rog. Thiab tam sim ntawd muaj ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm, kev ua yeeb yam tau mus txog theem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, cov kws ua yeeb yam pib sau cov duab, thiab cov tshuab luam ntawv pib luam daim npav npav thiab ntawv nthuav qhia rau lub sijhawm no. Xyoo 1941-45, tsawg kawg 22 phau ntawv hais txog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander thiab Kev Sib Tw ntawm Cov Dej khov tau luam tawm-hauv daim ntawv me me ntawm phau ntawv npaj rau tub rog. Ntau tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm OK thiab RK VKP (b) tau koom tes nrog hauv kev qhuab qhia ntawm cov ncauj lus tub rog-kev hlub. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, Kev Sib Tw ntawm Cov Dej tau nrov los ntawm nws qhov kev ua koob tsheej 700 xyoo, uas tau poob rau xyoo 1942, thiab … ib tsab xov xwm sib xws nyob rau sab xub ntiag ntawm Pravda ntawv xov xwm!
Cov duab ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander Nevsky tau tshwm sim ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm - ob qho tib si raws li tus neeg ywj pheej ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm thaj av Lavxias, thiab ua ke nrog lwm tus thawj coj loj ntawm Lavxias ntawm peb keeb kwm. Tom qab ntawd tsis muaj leej twg sau ntawv tias Kutuzov yog tus neeg nyiam ua kas fes thiab ua kas fes rau Catherine nyiam, tias Suvorov tau tawm tsam qee yam Tartary, thiab txhua tus paub tias lawv tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Russia, Russia, thiab qhov tshwm sim - Soviet Union, thiab… ib qho saib ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau cuam tshuam qee yam ntawm adrenaline rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Alexander Nevsky tsuas yog Teutonic knights. Tag nrho lwm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm tus tub huabtais, tshwj xeeb, cov neeg Swedes, uas tseem nyob nruab nrab, tsis sawv ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. "Nov yog rau cov kws tshaj lij!" Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lawv yuav luag tsis tau sib cuam tshuam nrog riam phom tiag tiag ntawm cov tub rog ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, tab sis tau kho rau lub 16th raws li ntau yam "khoom" thiab "zoo" yam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tib neeg nco txog qhov no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws kuj tau hais ncaj qha rau lawv txoj kev khav theeb - "lawv tau ntxhov siab heev!"
"Peb thaj av muaj yeeb koob rau nws tus phab ej." Victor Govorkov. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua ntej tsov rog xyoo 1941. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov duab ntawm ib tus tub rog Lavxias thaum ub, zoo ib yam li Ilya Muromets los ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj "Peb Tus Heroes" thiab lub nkoj Soviet niaj hnub no, tau ua si zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, lawv zoo li qub thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev nqis tes ua!
Cov duab ntawm Alexander Nevsky tau ua txawm tias nyob hauv cov ntawv xov xwm lom zem, piv txwv li, xws li Kev Lom Zem Hauv Paus. Xyoo 1942, nws tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia hauv qab no hauv daim ntawv xov tooj xa ntawv:
Berlin, Hitler.
Kuv xav koj, damn nemchin, tuag sai.
Kuv tu siab tias … Kuv tsis tuaj yeem muab kuv txhais tes tso rau ntawm lub caj dab German ntawm caj dab.
A. Nevsky.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Gitlyarek.
Nco ntsoov, koj yog neeg vwm, pes tsawg zaus kuv tau khawb av ntawm koj cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Lake Peipsi. Nyob rau lub sijhawm uas muaj hnub tseem ceeb, kuv tuaj yeem rov hais dua.
Vasily Buslaev: 5 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!
Funny, tsis yog nws? Thiab nws tau ua haujlwm tiag tiag thiab txhawb nqa tib neeg! Tsuas yog Buslai tus ncej tau pib pom tias yog keeb kwm qhov tseeb dhau sijhawm! Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, txhua qhov no ua ke sib koom ua ke cov duab ntawm Alexander raws li pom thiab zoo kawg li tiv thaiv German lub cim, lub hom phiaj haum rau kev tawm tsam kev dag ntxias.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ua ntej tsov rog, tus cwj pwm ntawm kev ua tub rog yeej nyob rau lub sijhawm tsarism tsis meej pem. Yog li, hauv phau ntawv V. E. Markevich's "Tes Phom Phom", luam tawm xyoo 1937, cov lus hauv qab no tau sau txog tib Suvorov "cov txuj ci tseem ceeb" (p. 157): bayonet. Lawv tsis tshua tau txais nyiaj laus thiab so haujlwm, tuag hauv kev sib ntaus, los ntawm kev mob lossis los ntawm kev rau txim rau lub cev nrog cov pas, uas tau tso cai rau raug ntaus kom tuag. Qhov kev pabcuam yuav luag nyob mus ib txhis: 25 xyoo. Cov neeg tsis muaj hmoo no tau raug xaiv yuav luag tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg pluag neeg pluag. Cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj, raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tuaj yeem yuav cov kev pabcuam nrog nyiaj. Tus thawj coj Suvorov tau muab cov npe xws li: qhev -tub rog - "tus yeeb ncuab txuj ci tseem ceeb", 15 -kg lub hnab ntim khoom - "cua", qhuab qhia zoo - "pas", thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hais lus ntawm Molotov (Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, uas nws hu ua kev ua tsov rog Patriotic), thiab Stalin (Lub Xya Hli 3, 1941, uas nws lub npe nrov "kwv tij thiab muam" tau nrov), ib zaug qhia lub suab ntawm Soviet kev dag ntxias lub suab txawv. Ntxiv mus, lawv kuj tau kov cov ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Xyoo 1812 thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet Russia nrog cov kws pab cuam German hauv xyoo 1918. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog Suvorov tsis tau hu ua "tub rog-qhev" lawm.
Txawm tias tseem ceeb tshaj rau kev teev ntuj ntawm Alexander Nevsky yog Stalin cov lus hais thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 1941. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau 24 xyoos ntawm Kev Hloov Kho Lub Kaum Hli, nws tau hais tias: "Cia lub siab tawv ua peb cov poj koob yawm txwv - Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Pozharsky, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov, txhawb koj lub zog hauv kev ua tsov rog no!" Ntxiv mus, ntxiv rau cov thawj coj tub rog, Stalin tau tham txog lwm tus neeg zoo ntawm Lavxias kev coj noj coj ua: Pushkin, Tolstoy, Chekhov thiab Tchaikovsky.
"Peb yeej, peb yeej thiab peb yuav yeej." Vladimir Serov: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? Daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 1941 nyiam cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: rab ntaj ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias tau nthuav dav mus rau qhov kawg (muab cov duab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws), nyuj horns ntawm lub kaus mom hlau ntawm tus tub rog German (qhia nws qhov kev phem - "dab ntxwg nyoog horned" thiab ntawm tib lub sijhawm yuav tuag), thiab lub cim fascist ntawm lub tes tsho tub rog German. Yog, cov tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht tsis hnav cov cim no, tab sis cov yeeb ncuab thiab nws txoj kev xav koom nrog tau qhia meej.
Thiab cov ntawv tam sim ntawd tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm, tus sau tau tig mus rau keeb kwm ntawm Leej Txiv, kom yeej ntawm Kutuzov hla Napoleon, thiab mus rau keeb kwm kev sib ntaus sib tua: Tsov rog ntawm dej khov, Tsov rog ntawm Grunwald, kev sib ntaus ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog, nrog rau kev kov yeej cov neeg Germans hauv tebchaws Ukraine, ze rau Narva thiab Pskov xyoo 1918, sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg txawv tebchaws tuaj txeeb tebchaws xyoo 1918-20. Tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv tau mob siab rau kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv hauv Pravda cov ntawv xov xwm pib nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm 60%, hauv Krasnaya Zvezda - 57%, hauv Truda - 54%, uas yog, ntau dua ib nrab ntawm txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm tsom mus rau txhawb cov tswv yim ntawm kev hlub neeg ntawm cov neeg ntawm USSR.
Cov ntawv xov xwm tau ntxiv nrog qhov kev tshaj tawm loj ntawm cov ntawv nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntawv sib xws (piv txwv li, "Cov Kws Sau Ntawv - Patriots ntawm Niam Txiv", "Great Fighters for the Russia Land", thiab lwm yam). "Cov Menyuam Li Ntawv" luam tawm phau ntawv rau menyuam yaus txog keeb kwm ntawm riam phom, piv txwv li, xyoo 1942 phau ntawv nrov txog tank los ntawm O. Drozhzhin "Land Cruisers" tau luam tawm.
Txawm li cas los xij, Stalin cov lus hais thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 1941 tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau kev kos duab kos duab. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv USSR yog daim duab nrov ua ntej ua ntej ntawd. Tam sim no lawv pib tshwm ob qho tib si hauv ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawm phab ntsa tsev, hauv ib lo lus, txhua qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem pom qhov muag. Ntxiv mus, daim duab ntawm Alexander Nevsky nyob, yog tias tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, qhov chaw pom tau zoo ntawm Soviet daim ntawv tshaj lij ntawm kev ua rog ntawm Great Patriotic War, txawm hais tias cov duab Minin thiab Pozharsky, Dmitry Donskoy, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, commanders Suvorov thiab Kutuzov tau siv.
Nov yog qhov no, uas yog tsab xov xwm hauv Pravda ntawv xov xwm, mob siab rau 700th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi, thiab uas tau txiav txim siab, yog li hais lus, kev nyiam ntawm Soviet keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb hauv qhov teeb meem no. Tab sis nws yog qhov txaus siab txawm tias nyob hauv nws tsis muaj kev tham txog kev poob dej ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv lub pas dej. Txawm tias Stalin cov neeg tshaj tawm tau nkag siab tias yam uas tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv sau tseg yuav tsum tsis txhob sau hauv Pravda.
Tab sis feem ntau, cov txheej txheem ntawm "tsim cov choj" ntawm kev ua ntej kev tawm tsam Russia thiab Soviet Union tau ua txij li thaum xyoo 1930s, thaum USSR txiav txim siab lees paub nws tus kheej li keeb kwm qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Ntau cov lus tawm tsam thiab cov lus hais, suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntiaj teb nws tus kheej hauv lub sijhawm nruab nrab, kuj tseem raug tso tseg thiab txiav txim siab "tsim kev sib raug zoo hauv ib lub tebchaws". Tab sis cov tub ceev xwm tseem xav tau lub hauv paus raug cai rau lawv tus kheej. Thiab lub hauv paus no yuav tsum yog "Soviet patriotism", thiab rau nws kev tsim kho cov neeg txawj xav coj los ua tus qauv … kev ua neeg ywj pheej ywj pheej, uas piav tau yooj yim. "Pov Pushkin tawm ntawm lub zog ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab", raws li tau hais qhia thaum pib, thiab pib tsim peb cov kab lis kev cai proletarian los ntawm "slate dawb paug" tau dhau los ua tsis tau tsuas yog ua tsis tau, tab sis kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, twb yog xyoo 1931, keeb kwm tau rov qhia dua hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv raws li kev qhuab qhia cais. Xyoo 1934, keeb kwm keeb kwm tau rov qab los ntawm Moscow thiab Leningrad cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab tom qab ntawd qhib hauv lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Tab sis tsoomfwv Soviet tsis xav tau keeb kwm vim yog keeb kwm nws tus kheej, nws xav tau keeb kwm kev hlub teb chaws uas muaj cov npe, qhov tseeb thiab cov xwm txheej uas yuav ua haujlwm rau lub tswv yim tshiab thiab ua rau tib neeg muaj kev hlub rau lawv lub tebchaws thiab nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua. Qhov ua yuam kev ntawm yav dhau los kuj tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, thaum nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej kev tawm tsam cov neeg feem ntau tsis tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog txhua yam nws tshwm sim tsis zoo rau lub xeev.
Thiab ntawm no yog cov lus tawm ntawm tib tsab xov xwm, uas tsis haum rau hauv daim duab saum toj kawg nkaus. Ntawm no peb tab tom tham txog cov tub rog nyob rau hauv forged armor thiab qhov no kuj tau dhau los ua qhov sib xws, zoo li yog tsis muaj phau ntawv los ntawm Beheim thiab Le Duc thiab txawm tias yog tsev kawm ntawv tsis raug cai nrog cov ntawv luam los ntawm cov keeb kwm me me … Vim li cas nws thiaj li meej yog tias peb nco qab lub sij hawm nws yog. Stalin tshaj tawm hauv kev luam tawm tias cov neeg German tau zoo dua peb hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab tsuas yog vim qhov no lawv cov tub rog tau nce mus, txwv tsis pub peb yuav swb lawv ntev dhau los. Yog li ntawd, qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv nws tau pauv mus rau yav dhau los! Thiab yog li qhov xaus: peb tuav lawv, tuav los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw tom qab, peb yuav yeej lawv tam sim no, txawm tias tag nrho lawv cov tso tsheb hlau luam! Yog li nws yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau xyoo 1942 thiab yog li nws tau sau! Tab sis hnub no lub sijhawm sib txawv, peb muaj qib sib txawv ntawm kev paub thiab "cov tub rog sib txuas" - qhov no yog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Lat tsis yooj yim li ntawd. Txawm tias ua ntej Tsov rog ntawm Visby (qhov twg pom qhov loj ntawm daim hlau thaiv daim hlau), nws tseem muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo!
Thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, tso tsheb hlau luam, ob peb lub Soviet thiab Lend-Lease tso tsheb hlau luam, tau muaj npe tom qab tus tub huabtais dab neeg.
Tank "Churchill" No. 61 "Alexander Nevsky". Duab ntawm xyoo ua tsov rog.
Tank "Churchill" No. 61 "Alexander Nevsky". Kev kos duab niaj hnub
Lub dav hlau ris nws lub npe. Piv txwv li, qhov no "Ercobra".
Yog li ntawd, cov lus qhuab qhia qub qub hauv thaj tsam keeb kwm tau hloov kho raws li. Piv txwv li, Alexander Nevsky, los ntawm ib tus neeg ntseeg Orthodox, thiab tseem yog tus saib xyuas neeg dawb huv ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, uas nws tau txiav txim siab nyob hauv Russia xyoo 19th, dhau los ua tub rog thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev nom kev tswv … tus thawj coj uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tib neeg, kawm los ntawm nws (zaj yeeb yaj kiab nrog zaj dab neeg hais txog hma!), Thiab tib lub sijhawm sawv ntawm nws cov ncauj lus. Qhov sib xws ntawm cov duab zoo li Stalin yog qhov pom tseeb. Yog, thiab zej zog ntawm Russia nyob rau XIII xyoo pua pib pleev xim zoo li, paub zoo heev rau xyoo ntawd. Hauv nws, tau kawg, muaj ntau tus neeg ntxeev siab, tsis pub leej twg paub thiab pom tseeb "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg", thiab kev hem thawj los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab German dai rau hauv lub tebchaws tas li. Yog li ntawd, tib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no, ua ntej, lub zog muaj zog hauv lub zog, thiab qhov thib ob, tawm tsam nrog txhua tus yeeb ncuab sab hauv thiab koom ua ke rau tus thawj coj zoo. Thiab tag nrho cov no tau ua raws paternalism kev xav uas muaj nyob hauv Lavxias zej zog, yog li txhua yam tau txuas nrog rau hauv txoj hauv kev zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv kev xav ntawm ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm zej zog, Alexander Nevsky tau cuam tshuam nrog "Kev Sib Ntaus ntawm Cov Dej". Zoo, cov uas nyeem me ntsis ntxiv pom nws ua tus tswj hwm uas, ua rau cov neeg nyiam, raug yuam kom ua nruj, thiab feem ntau txawm tias ua phem, ntsuas. Tab sis "txiv ntawm cov neeg", tau kawg, tuaj yeem ua dab tsi, vim nws yog "txiv" thiab tus thawj coj!
Cov ntawv xov xwm "Moskovsky Bolshevik" sau hnub tim 1942-05-04 Ua tib zoo saib qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lus ntawm kab lus hauv nws nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Pravda". Ib tus neeg sau cov ntawv tsis tseeb, tsis yog los ntawm ib yam, nws tsuas yog siv tus lej los ntawm qab nthab, tab sis … tsis muaj leej twg rub nws rov qab. Ua? Pravda "tsis tuaj yeem ua yuam kev," tab sis tag nrho lwm cov ntawv xov xwm tuaj yeem ua nws, thiab … zoo li qhov no, ib daim ntawv ntawm cov pej xeem lub siab tau maj mam hloov los ntawm lwm qhov, txawm hais tias "zoo heev," tab sis ntau "muaj txiaj ntsig" rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab rau cov neeg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav yog nws sau txog ob-phaus armor …
Raws li qhov xaus, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias raws li PR cov cuab yeej, cov duab ntawm Alexander Nevsky ua haujlwm 100% thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, uas yog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov neeg tsim tau sib raug zoo nrog cov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev kawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd pejxeem, thiab tau ua tiav zoo. Tab sis tom qab ntawd … tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum txo qis "duab ntawm tus phab ej" (uas tseem tau qhia los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib txuas lus loj!) Raws li kev xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab nyob rau theem ntawm lub xeev txoj cai. Dab tsi rau? Thiab tom qab ntawd, thiaj li tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tag nrho lub tebchaws keeb kwm tag nrho thiab tsis tsim tom qab cov uas, dhau sijhawm, yuav xav txog txhua qhov no thiab lwm yam kev tshaj tawm zoo sib xws, twb tsis lees paub peb tag nrho keeb kwm raws li kev ntseeg tau. Yog tias qhov no ua tiav, cov duab exaggerated ntawm Alexander Nevsky yuav nyob hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb, zoo li yog ib lub cim ntawm Great Patriotic War, thiab ib lub monument rau kev kos duab ntawm Soviet era, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav tawg daim ntawv vim nws, Piv txwv li, ntawm no hauv VO. "Nws yog!" Zoo, yog li cas?!
Tab sis tom qab ntawd, raws li lawv lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nrhiav tus phab ej tshiab thiab los ntawm kev siv kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis los tsa lawv ntawm daim ntaub thaiv. Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tua tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab, muaj yeeb yuj thiab muaj yeeb yaj kiab hais txog … Dmitry Donskoy, kws qhia kev nom tswv Klochkov, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Marinesko, hais txog cov kws tsav dav hlau uas tau foob pob Berlin rau xyoo 1941, thiab tsis zoo dua, tab sis zoo dua American zaj duab xis Zoo nkauj ntawm Memphis. Peb muaj ntau dua 400 (!) Heroes uas ua yeeb yam zoo ib yam li kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexander Matrosov, thiab ntau tus tau ua nws ntxov dua li nws tau ua. Ntawm cov phab ej thaum ub hais txog Svyatoslav ib leeg, ntau dua ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab epic tuaj yeem tua, yog li yuav tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog "xwm". Los yog, hais, qhov no, Pushkin's: "Koj daim ntaub thaiv yog nyob ntawm rooj vag ntawm Constantinople!" Los ntawm txoj kev, lub npe zoo rau cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab vim li cas peb tsis ua nws?! Tom qab tag nrho, peb tau tua cov koob zoo txog Ermak lossis tib yam "Admiral" … Yog li ntawm no nws yuav ua tau "faib" lub ncauj lus no rau ntau dua ib ntu. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm no yog nyiaj txiag, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo li qub ntawm yav dhau los raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm txog keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi koj tuaj yeem ua txog nws. Nws yog dab tsi nws yog. Tab sis tsis ntev los sis tom qab, koj yuav tsum paub tias koj yuav tsum txav deb ntawm tus cwj pwm qub rau keeb kwm, ua tus tub qhe ntawm kev ua nom ua tswv, mus rau thev naus laus zis kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub no, thiab nkag siab tias muaj lwm yam thev naus laus zis rau kev tswj hwm lub siab thiab lawv tsis muaj phem tshaj qhov kev dag ntxias thiab kev ntxhov siab. Zoo, thiab hais txog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander nws tus kheej nws muaj peev xwm hais tau tias, thaum sawv tawm tsam cov neeg Swedes thiab cov neeg German, nws thaum kawg nws dhau los ua ob lub cim thiab cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tshaj tawm, lub zog uas, los ntawm txoj kev, hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tsis muaj leej twg tsis lees paub!
PS: Cov uas xav ua kom lawv paub tob txog cov ncauj lus no thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tuaj yeem pom zoo ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
Goryaeva T. "Yog tias tag kis yog tsov rog …" Cov duab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv Soviet kev tshaj tawm 1941-1945 // Russia thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum. Ntim. 1. Seduction los ntawm lub hwj chim. Russians thiab Germans hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 thiab Zaum Ob. M., 2010 S. 343 - 372.
Senyavsky UASoviet txoj kev xav thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob: kev ruaj khov, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv, cuam tshuam rau keeb kwm nco // Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub tebchaws muaj yeej: mus txog 65 xyoos kev yeej hauv Great Patriotic War. Samara, 2010.-- S.10-19.
Schenk IB Alexander Nevsky hauv Lavxias Kev Txawj Ntse Nco: Saint, Tus kav, Lub Tebchaws Hero (1263 - 2000). M., 2007.
