Yog li, Switzerland, lub tebchaws me nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Tebchaws Europe, nrog pab tub rog me me, kev lag luam ruaj khov thiab ib txwm ua raws li kev tsis sib haum xeeb (txij li xyoo 1814), tau dhau los ua thawj lub xeev European uas kov yeej txoj kev xav thiab tswj los qhia ntau yam kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov cuab yeej me me uas muaj peev xwm. Zoo, ua li cas txog cov nyiaj? Cov neeg Suav ib txwm muaj nyiaj. Raws li qhov tseeb, lawv ib txwm muaj rau txhua tus. Lwm qhov yog tias tsis yog txhua tus paub siv lawv li cas!
Cov neeg ntxeev siab Greek, ib tus uas tuav Vetterli carbine, qhia meej txog keeb kwm Italian.
Ntxiv mus, peb nco ntsoov tias nws yog Swiss leej twg, rov qab rau xyoo 1851, yog thawj tus siv riam phom ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hauv 4 kab (10, 4 mm). Thiab twb yog xyoo 1867, lawv yog thawj tus nyob hauv Europe kom paub tseeb tias lawv cov tub rog tau txais rab phom nruab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab. Txog kev sib piv, Lavxias pab tub rog nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tau siv rab phom Karle rab koob, thiab peb xyoos tom qab, Berdan No. 1 rab phom ib leeg. Muaj tseeb, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov nplai ntawm no txawv, tab sis tseem yog leej twg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau tawm tsam ntau dua, thiab yog li siv riam phom tsis yog rau kev tawm suab, tab sis rau lawv lub hom phiaj? Txawm li cas los xij, tus piv txwv ntawm Swiss nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tau ua raws los ntawm lwm lub zog European, uas nws cov tub rog tseem tab tom ua nrog "them ib zaug".
Thiab ntawm no rab phom Vetterli poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog … Cov Neeg Italians. Hauv tebchaws Ltalis, lub sijhawm ntawd, rab phom rab koob ntawm Carcano system ntawm 17.5 mm caliber tau ua haujlwm. Koj puas tuaj yeem xav tias nws lub mos txwv hnyav npaum li cas thiab nws zoo li cas los ntawm nws? Lub caij no, hauv lwm lub tebchaws European, cov phom me me tau dhau los ua hom phom loj tshaj plaws: hauv tebchaws Yelemes nws yog Mauser, hauv tebchaws Netherlands - Beaumont (lossis Beaumond), Belgium tau siv rab phom Comblin, thiab Russia - Berdan No. 2. Yog li ntawd, khaws cov Italians kuj tau txiav txim siab thiab … vim qee qhov lawv tau xaiv F. Vetterli phom loj los ua qauv.
Italian qauv ntawm Vetterli phom ntev, 1870. Tsev khaws puav pheej Army hauv Stockholm.
Phom Phom Vetterli-Vitali Qauv 1870/87 Tsev khaws puav pheej Army hauv Stockholm.
Cov phom Italian tshiab tau npaj yuav ua kom nrawm nrawm, nrog lub cartridge ntawm 10, 4 hli caliber thiab nrog lub tes tsho hlau, tab sis … tsis yog phau ntawv xov xwm ib, tab sis txhaj ib zaug, yog li tsis txhob siv ib yam nkaus. ntau daim cartridges. Yog li, F. Wetterli system poob nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - qhov hluav taws kub ntau. Xyoo 1872, cov neeg Italians tau txais ob qho kev hloov pauv ntawm rab phom Wetterly: rab phom me me thiab rab phom caval luv dua. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov kawg, hu ua "Wetterly blunderbuss", yog 928 hli, thiab qhov hnyav yog 2.95 kg. Qhov muaj peev xwm, lub mos txwv, tus nqi hmoov ntawm lub thawv ntawv zoo ib yam li rab phom Swiss. Tab sis daim cartridge tau siv tsis yog nrog daim duab, tab sis nrog lub hauv paus taws. Tom qab ntawd, hauv nws, tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov dub tau hloov mus rau qhov tsis haus luam yeeb, thiab cov mos txwv tau hloov pauv los ntawm ib lub mos txwv nrog tooj dag uas hnyav 15, 8 g.: tsis muaj ntawv xov xwm - nws txhais tau tias qhov sib npaug ntawm cov riam phom tau zoo dua, dhau li nws tau dhau los ua kev tsim khoom ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua rau kev khiav lag luam.
Sab xis ntawm tus txais ntawm 1869 tus qauv
Tib phab ntsa ntawm tus qauv 1869/71.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tub rog thev naus laus zis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 tau nrawm heev uas tsis ntev los no, uas yog xyoo 1887, rab phom Vetterli xyoo 1871 yuav tsum tau txhim kho, uas yog ua los ntawm tus tsim Vitali, uas yoog raws nws rau lub khw nruab nrab nws tsim. Nov yog li cas rab phom Vetterli-Vitali, tus qauv 1871-1887, muab tawm. Ntxiv mus, txawm hais tias nws dhau los ua ib lub khw muag khoom, nws tau qis dua li twb tau pom cov phom loj ntawm Lee thiab Mannlicher, txij li nws tau nruab nrog 4 daim cartridges los ntawm daim clip ua los ntawm ntoo thiab tin. Thiab nws tau teeb tsa hauv txoj hauv kev uas cov ntoo ntoo npog nws tsuas yog los saum toj no, yog li nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau thauj nws cov ntawv xov xwm ua ntej, ntxig qhov clip no rau hauv nws, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem nws los ntawm txoj hlua txuas rau nws los saum toj no. Nws paub meej tias qhov kev tsim qauv no nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis rab phom tseem yog lub khw muag phom thiab sib zog dua li cov qauv Swiss yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, Swiss lawv tus kheej tsis raug ntxias los ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse no, tab sis txuas ntxiv ua ntu zus txhim kho rab phom Wetterli.
Xyoo 1878, tau siv rab phom me me nrog ntau qhov "kov tshuaj pleev ib ce" hauv kev tsim qauv - tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv xov xwm npog tau raug tshem tawm ntawm nws, lub hom phiaj tau nce mus rau 1200 m thiab lawv kuj tuaj nrog rab riam phom txaus ntshai nrog sawtooth sharpening ntawm lub taub qab, hloov qhov siv ua ntej uas lub xov tooj cua yog koob. Txawm li ntawd los, nws tau pom tseeb tias lub rimfire cartridge tau dhau los lawm, tab sis … Swiss tsis hloov nws mus txog xyoo 1889, thaum lawv hloov ob daim cartridge thiab rab phom mus rau Schmidt-Rubin tshiab system nrog lub peev xwm 7.5 hli.
Phom phom 1871.
Qhov kawg ntawm rab phom Swiss Wetterly yog tus qauv xyoo 1881. Sab nrauv, nws tsis txawv ntau los ntawm cov piv txwv yav dhau los, tab sis tsuas yog tus lej ntawm cov hlau ua yav dhau los rau nws tam sim no tau ua los ntawm cov hlau. Qhov kev hloov pauv hlau no txhim kho kev ua tiav tag nrho ntawm Cov Qauv 1881 phom ntau dua tus Qauv 1878 thiab cov phom ntev dua, tab sis nws yog qhov sib txawv uas nyuaj rau pom tshwj tsis yog tias lawv nyob ib sab. Qhov kev hloov pauv pom tseeb tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 1881 tus qauv yog txhim kho Schmidt pom, uas muaj V-slotted rear pom uas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv kom tua hluav taws mus txog 1600 meters. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov hnoos qeev tau tso tawm nrog ob qhov ua rau thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Ib qho kev hloov pauv tshiab yog qhov txhais tau yooj yim tshem tawm rau kev ntxuav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov txaus los ntswj ib lub hau ntswj thiab tshem lub laj kab thaiv. Pem hauv ntej nqes yuav tsum tau rub qis qis, rub nraub qaum tau rougher. Ntxiv mus, 7,538 ntawm cov khoom siv no tau tsim!
Xyoo 1881.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rab phom Wetterli, pab tub rog Swiss tsis tas yuav sib ntaus. Tab sis lawv cov neeg Italian "cov npoj yaig" raug rho tawm txhua qhov chaw, los ntawm Ethiopia thiab Krasnaya Presnya mus rau thaj tsam Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob!
Thiab nws tag nrho txuas ntxiv mus li cas?
Los ntawm xyoo 1889, Swiss tau pom tias lawv tau poob tag nrho lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov caj npab me, thiab lawv ib zaug yog rab phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tau tua cov hmoov dub dub, thaum nyob ze Fabkis twb tau siv 8-mm cartridge nrog tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj nyiaj thiab tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tsov rog tam sim, vim li cas ho tsis hais txog qhov teeb meem no kom meej? Thiab yog li Swiss tau ua. Tau ntau xyoo, tus kws tshaj lij kws tshawb fawb Friedrich-Wilhelm Hebler tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov phom me me, xaiv cov mos txwv, cov mos txwv, rab phom rau lawv, tom qab ntawd, raws li nws qhov kev sim, rab phom Rudolf Schmidt thiab Edward Rubin tau tsim cov qauv phom loj 1889 nrog rau 7, 5 × 53.5 mm nrog lub raj mis lub tes tsho nrog lub zawj zawj thiab tsis muaj ntug. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm 7-8 mm caliber cartridges tau txais kev pabcuam, nws yog daim ntawv me tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog 6, 5 thiab 7 mm daim cartridges me dua nws.
Cov tub rog Swiss tau teeb tsa phom Schmidt-Rubin xyoo 1889
Cov phom tshiab Schmidt-Rubin muaj lub phom ntev 780 mm thiab peb, ntau dua plaub, phom sab xis, uas nyob ntawm rab phom Wetterly. Lub mos txwv muaj lub plhaub hlau nkaus xwb nyob hauv nws xub ntiag, thiab nws txoj hauv kev, ib yam li ua ntej, tau ua cov hmoov txhuas hauv cov ntawv qhwv ib txwm. Nws qhov hnyav yog 13.75 g. Cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb ntawm 2 g. Cov mos txwv tsim thawj zaug ceev ntawm 620 m / s. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov phom loj ib txwm muaj rau Swiss - 4200 g, (thiab nrog lub xov tooj cua - 4630) thiab ntev - 1300 mm tsis muaj xov tooj cua thiab 1600 nrog lub xov tooj cua! Tag nrho ntawm 212,000 phom ntawm 1889 tus qauv tau tsim.
Cov cuab yeej siv phom Schmidt-Rubin xyoo 1889
Phom phom Schmidt-Rubin 1889
Shutter phom ntev Schmidt-Rubin 1889
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov kws tsim qauv tswj kom khaws cov mos txwv los ntawm Vetterly phom ntev rau nws, uas lawv tau nruab nws nrog ob-kab ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej qub rau 12 puag ncig, uas cov cartridges tau txav mus los. Lub khw tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, tab sis, ntxiv rau, ntawm sab xis ntawm tus txais tau muaj tus qib (kaw kaw) uas thim rov qab nws 5 hli. Qhov no tau ua tiav txhawm rau khaws cov cartridges hauv nws, thiab tua hluav taws kev lag luam ntawm ib daim cartridge. Peb lub qhov tau ua ntawm ob sab phab ntsa ntawm lub khw, tso cai rau koj pom tias muaj pes tsawg daim cartridges nyob hauv lub khw. Thiab plaub qhov ntxiv oblong tau muab rau hauv qis dua ntawm lub khw, yog li cov thoob khib nyiab uas nkag rau hauv nws yuav poob tawm.
Cartridge thiab mos txwv rau phom Schmidt-Rubin xyoo 1889
Nws tau thauj khoom los ntawm daim vis dis aus rau rau puag ncig hauv ob kauj ruam. Qhov tom kawg tsis yooj yim heev, tab sis muaj cov ntawv xov xwm 12-puag ncig ua rau qhov riam phom tshiab no ib txwm muaj hluav taws kub ceev.
Bayonet hauv rab phom xyoo 1889
