75 xyoo dhau los, Thib Peb Reich yeej Yugoslavia thiab Greece. Lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1941, Nazis nkag mus hauv Belgrade. Vaj Ntxwv Peter II thiab tsoomfwv Yugoslav tau khiav mus rau tebchaws Greece thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau tebchaws Iziv. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 17, 1941, ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tsis lees paub tau kos npe hauv Belgrade. Yugoslavia tau tawg. Greece poob yuav luag ib txhij. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 23, kev zwm rau ntawm pab tub rog Greek tau kos npe. Tib hnub ntawd, tsoomfwv Greek thiab tus vajntxwv tau khiav mus rau Crete, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau tebchaws Iziv, raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm Askiv. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 27, Cov Neeg German nkag mus hauv Athens. Txog rau Lub Rau Hli 1, Nazis tseem ntes Crete.
Txoj kev npaj ntxeem tau
Hitler, nco txog qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, ntshai tsam tsaws tshiab los ntawm pab tub rog Askiv hauv Thessaloniki lossis nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Thrace: tom qab ntawd Askiv yuav pom lawv tus kheej nyob tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb thaum nws tawm tsam rau sab hnub tuaj, cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia. Hitler tau ua tiav los ntawm kev xav tias Askiv yuav rov sim ua ntej mus rau hauv Balkans, thiab nco qab tias kev nqis tes ua ntawm Allied cov tub rog hauv Balkans thaum kawg Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 tau pab txhawb lawv txoj kev yeej. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ceev faj, nws txiav txim siab tshem tawm nrog Yugoslavia thiab Greece ua ntej yuav nqis tes ua tawm tsam Russia.
Kev tawm tsam yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ib txhij los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary thiab Austria hauv kev sib hloov cov lus qhia rau Skopje, Belgrade thiab Zagreb nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tub rog Yugoslav thiab rhuav tshem nws ib nrab. Txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Yugoslavia thiab Greece, los koom ua ke nrog cov tub rog Italis hauv Albania thiab siv thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Yugoslavia ua lub hauv paus rau tom ntej German-Italian tawm tsam Greece. Cov tub rog German yuav tsum tawm tsam ntawm Belgrade, Serbian lub tshav dav hlau, ua rau cov tsheb khiav tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab yog li cuam tshuam kev sib sau ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog. Tawm tsam Tim Nkij teb chaws, nws tau npaj siab tias yuav xa qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb hauv Thessaloniki kev coj ua, tom qab ntawd ua ntej mus rau thaj tsam Olympus. Ltalis tsoo los ntawm Albania.
Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 ntawm Weichs, Pawg Tub Rog 12 ntawm Cov Npe (nws kuj tau coj ua haujlwm) thiab 1st Panzer Group of Kleist tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm. Pawg tub rog thib 12 tau mob siab rau thaj tsam ntawm Bulgaria thiab Romania. Nws tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv: nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tau nce mus rau 19 kev sib faib (suav nrog 5 lub tank sib cais). Pab tub rog thib 2, suav nrog 9 kev sib faib (suav nrog 2 lub tank sib cais), tau tsom mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj Austria thiab sab hnub poob Hungary. 4 kev sib faib (suav nrog 3 kev sib faib lub tank) tau faib rau qhov tshwj tseg. Txog kev txhawb nqa huab cua, A. Leurat's 4th Air Fleet thiab 8th Aviation Corps, uas suav txog 1,200 kev sib ntaus thiab thauj dav hlau, tau koom nrog. Cov lus txib dav dav ntawm pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog German tsom mus rau Yugoslavia thiab Greece tau tso rau Field Marshal Wilhelm List.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1941, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab ntawm Wehrmacht cov av hauv av teeb tsa cov haujlwm rau cov tub rog. Pawg tub rog thib 12 yuav tsum tawm tsam Strumica (Yugoslavia) thiab Thessaloniki nrog ob lub cev, tawm tsam nrog ib pab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm Skopje, Veles (Yugoslavia), thiab ua ntej nrog nws txoj cai flank hauv Nis-Belgrade kev coj. Cov tub rog thib 2 tau ua lub luag haujlwm los ntes Zagreb thiab tsim kev tawm tsam hauv kev coj ntawm Belgrade. Kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Yugoslavia thiab Greece tau xav tias yuav pib rau lub Plaub Hlis 6, 1941 nrog kev tawm tsam huab cua loj heev ntawm Belgrade thiab kev tawm tsam los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm sab laug tis thiab qhov chaw ntawm pab tub rog thib 12.
Txog kev ua haujlwm, Peb Reich tau nyiam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phoojywg. Ltalis faib 43 qhov kev faib rau kev tawm tsam: 24 ntawm lawv tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam Yugoslavia (9 tau xa mus rau ntawm Albanian -Yugoslav ciam teb, 15 - hauv Istria thiab Dalmatia). Qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Wehrmacht feem ntau tsis pom zoo txog kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog Italian, yog li tsuas yog cov haujlwm pabcuam tau muab rau nws. Thaum pib ua tsov rog, cov tub rog Italian yuav tsum tuav ruaj ruaj hauv Albania thiab yog li pab txhawb kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog German thib 2. Tom qab kev sib txuas ntawm German pab tub rog nrog Italis, lawv kev tawm tsam tawm tsam tim Nkij teb chaws tau xav txog.
Hungary, tom qab ncua sijhawm luv luv, tseem pom zoo koom nrog kev tawm tsam Yugoslavia. Tom qab kev sib tham ntawm General Friedrich Paulus thiab tus thawj ntawm Hungarian General Staff H. Werth, uas tau pib thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, tau pom zoo kos npe, raws li Hungary tau faib 10 pab tub rog (kwv yees li 5 kev sib cais) rau kev tawm tsam Yugoslavia. Cov tub rog Hungarian tau xav tias yuav pib tawm tsam thaum lub Plaub Hlis 14, 1941.
Romania, cov lus txib ntawm Wehrmacht tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv USSR. Ob lub zog hauv av thiab dav hlau tau xa mus rau Romanian thaj chaw, muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev ua ntawm cov tub rog German hauv Balkans. Ib cheeb tsam ntawm Romania tau siv los ua lub laj kab rau German Air Force. Tsoomfwv Bulgarian ntshai tsam qhib kev ua rog. Txawm li cas los xij, Sofia muab nws thaj chaw rau kev xa tub rog German. Ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Berlin, Bulgaria rub lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm nws pab tub rog, txhawb nqa los ntawm German lub tank tsheb, mus rau ciam teb ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Cov tub rog no tau dhau los ua lub nraub qaum rau cov tub rog German sib ntaus hauv Yugoslavia thiab Greece.
Kev sib koom tes ntawm cov xeev, uas nws cov tub rog tawm tsam tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Yugoslavia, tau ua tiav raws li cov lus qhia No. 26 "Kev koom tes nrog cov phoojywg hauv Balkans" kos npe los ntawm Hitler thaum lub Plaub Hlis 3, 1941. Yog li, rau kev ua phem rau hauv Balkans, Peb Reich nrog cov phoojywg tau faib ntau dua 80 qhov kev sib cais (uas 32 yog German, ntau dua 40 Italis thiab seem yog Hungarian), ntau dua 2 txhiab lub dav hlau thiab txog 2 txhiab tso tsheb hlau luam.
Xeev tiv thaiv Yugoslavia
Thaum qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tub rog nkag mus thoob plaws Yugoslavia, Belgrade tsis txaus siab los txiav txim siab txiav txim siab txhawm rau txhim kho lub tebchaws. Cov phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm Yugoslav Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj tau poob qis tom qab qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv sai. Qhov kev npaj tub rog zaum kawg "Npaj R-41", tau tsim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1941, muab rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb nrog ntev dua 3 txhiab km thiab koom nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tub rog Italian hauv Albania koom tes nrog cov neeg Greek. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev tawm mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws, tau npaj tseg txhawm rau txhawm rau npaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus qauv ntawm Thessaloniki pem hauv ntej thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Kev ua phem nyob hauv Albania tau ua raws lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb nyob rau sab qab teb. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab pom cov tub rog German hauv Bulgaria thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1941, txoj phiaj xwm no tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Tam sim no cov tub rog Yugoslav tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab rau Thessaloniki.
Tom qab kev tawm tsam, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev tawm tsam German tau nce nrawm thiab Yugoslav Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm tau thov kom pib ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, tsoomfwv tsis lees txais qhov kev thov tsim nyog no, hais txog qhov xav tau txuas ntxiv kev sib tham nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Belgrade tseem cia siab tias yuav muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev thaj yeeb nrog Berlin. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1941, nws tau tshaj tawm tias thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam zais yuav yog lub Plaub Hlis 3. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 7 hnub tau ploj, thaum lub sijhawm Yugoslav cov lus txib tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tawm tsam thiab phiaj xwm xa tub rog. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias kev ua tsov rog pom Yugoslav pab tub rog nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj xa tawm mus. Tsis yog ib lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm (los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm mus rau lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm siab hais kom ua) ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes. Feem ntau kev tsim thiab chav nyob ntawm txhua ceg ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm tau zoo ib yam.
Cov tub rog hauv av ntawm Yugoslavia suav nrog peb pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog thiab thaj tsam Primorsky pab tub rog, uas tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv. Cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5 thiab thib 3, uas yog ib feem ntawm pawg tub rog thib 3, tau xa mus nyob ze ciam teb sab qaum teb ntawm Albania. Cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 - pawg tub rog thib 6, 1st thiab 2nd - tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm Rooj vag Hlau thiab Dej Drava. Ntxiv mus rau sab hnub poob, Pab Pawg Tub Rog thib 1 tau xa mus, uas suav nrog Pawg Tub Rog 4 thiab 7.
Qhov loj ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog thaum pib muaj kev tawm tsam yog kwv yees li ntawm 1.2 lab tus tib neeg. Cov tub rog 28 tus tub rog uas twb muaj lawm thiab 3 pab tub rog sib cais, 32 pawg sib cais tsis tau mob siab rau (lawv muaj 70-90% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua tsov ua rog). Tsuas yog 11 kev sib cais nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas lawv xav tias yuav tsum yog ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog Yugoslav tau siv tshuab tsis zoo. Lub tiaj ua si phom loj suav nrog cov qauv qub thiab cov nees sib tw. Muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tau nyob rau theem pib. Tsis muaj cov koog uas muaj lub cev muaj zog, cov tsheb tank tau sawv cev los ntawm tsuas yog ob pab tub rog. Cov tub rog tsuas muaj 110 lub tsheb qub qub xwb. Lub dav hlau muaj 416 lub dav hlau ntawm Fab Kis, Italian, Askiv thiab German ntau lawm, tab sis tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm lawv ua tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no. Kev txhawb nqa engineering ntawm pab tub rog thiab kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj zog.
Yugoslav kev txawj ntse tau muab tsoomfwv thiab hais kom ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hem ntawm kev ua yeeb ncuab ntxeev siab, cov phiaj xwm thiab sijhawm ntawm kev ua phem, kev mloog zoo thiab kev coj ua ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau lub sijhawm ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, Yugoslav kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua tau teb rau cov ntaub ntawv no nrog kev ncua qeeb. Nws tsuas yog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 31 uas Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm tau xa tawm cov lus qhia rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub dav hlau thiab cov tub rog rog xav kom R-41 txoj kev npaj ua tiav. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 4, cov thawj coj tau xa cov lus qhia ntxiv kom coj cov tub rog mus rau ciam teb.
Yog li, los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog, Yugoslav cov tub rog tsis tau ua tiav kev tawm tsam, kev xa tawm, lub tebchaws txoj kev tiv thaiv phiaj xwm tsis sib haum nrog qhov xwm txheej tiag. Cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Sab nraub qaum muaj lub zog "kab thib tsib" (Cov neeg Croatian haiv neeg, thiab lwm yam). Kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua tsis tau txiav txim siab thiab tsis muaj lub siab xav tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg.
Tim Nkij teb chaws
Cov tub rog Greek kuj tseem nyob rau qhov xwm txheej nyuaj. Tsov rog nrog Ltalis ua rau lub teb chaws cov peev txheej tsis txaus ntseeg. Feem coob ntawm cov tub rog Greek tau raug faus los ntawm Ltalis: 15 qhov kev sib cais tub rog-cov tub rog ntawm Epirus thiab West Macedonia-tau nyob ntawm Italian-Greek pem hauv ntej hauv Albania. Cov tsos ntawm cov tub rog German hauv Bulgaria thiab lawv nkag mus rau ciam teb Greek thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1941 nthuav qhia Greek cov lus txib nrog txoj haujlwm nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia tshiab. Thaum xub thawj, tsuas yog 6 qhov kev sib faib tuaj yeem xa mus rau ciam teb nrog Bulgaria.
Kev tuaj txog ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws los txog rau thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj kawg ntawm Kev Ncaj Ncees Askiv, uas muaj ob pab tub rog sib cais (New Zealand 2nd Division, Australian 6th Division), British 1st Armored Brigade thiab cuaj huab cua pab tub rog, tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej no. Cov zog no tsis txaus los hloov qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb.
Kev txiav txim siab rau qhov xwm txheej tshiab, Greek cov lus txib tau tsim ob pab tub rog tshiab: "Sab Hnub Tuaj Macedonia" (peb pawg tub rog sib faib thiab ib pab tub rog me), uas tso siab rau kev txhim kho ntawm Metaxas kab raws ciam teb nrog Bulgaria; "Central Macedonia" (peb pawg tub rog tawg rog thiab lus Askiv ntoj ntoj ncig), uas, siv cov roob, tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Olympus mus rau Kaimakchalan. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog no tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem txiav tawm ob qho tib si los ntawm ib leeg thiab los ntawm cov tub rog tau tsom mus rau Albanian pem hauv ntej. Cov lus Greek tsis muaj peev txheej khaws cia kom kaw qhov ua txhaum cai. Tam sim no cov neeg Greek tau xav tias yuav tawm tsam los ntawm Albania thiab Bulgaria, thiab tsis xav tias cov yeeb ncuab yuav ua los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Yugoslavia.
Ib qho ntxiv, tau muaj kev sib cais hauv Greek cov tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua. Kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam German tau ua rau muaj kev poob siab ntawm cov neeg Greek. Thaum pib ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1941, cov lus txib ntawm Epirus pab tub rog tau ceeb toom rau tsoomfwv tias nws tau txiav txim siab ua tsov rog nrog cov neeg German tsis muaj kev cia siab, thiab xav kom kev sib tham kev sib tham nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes pib. Hauv kev teb, tsoomfwv tau hloov pauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Epirus pab tub rog thiab tau xaiv tus thawj coj tub rog tshiab thiab tus thawj tub rog tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev ntsuas no tsis ua tiav hauv kev ua tiav qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog Greek.
Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lub koom haum sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Yugoslavia, Greece thiab Askiv. Tebchaws Askiv tsis tau npaj siab muab kev pabcuam tseem ceeb rau Greece thiab Yugoslavia. Lub Peb Hlis 31 - Plaub Hlis 3, kev sib tham tau muaj los ntawm kev ua tub rog thawj coj ntawm Greece, Yugoslavia thiab Askiv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim kev ntshai ntawm Yugoslav thiab Greek cov tub ceev xwm, nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog nrog cov tub rog Greek-Askiv txhawm rau ua rau kev sib raug zoo nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab txwv kev pab los ntawm Askiv.
Fighters Messerschmitt Bf.109E-7 los ntawm pab pawg thib 10 ntawm 27 pawg tub rog ntawm Luftwaffe thiab Messerschmitt cov neeg sib txuas dav hlau Bf.108B Typhoon ntawm tshav dav hlau thaum lub sijhawm Balkan phiaj xwm
German Junkers Ju-87 dhia lub foob pob los ntawm pab pawg thib ob ntawm thawj tus dhia dej-foob pob foob pob nrog yoov Italian Fiat G. 50 "Freccia" fighter
Kev ntxeem tau. Kev swb ntawm Yugoslavia
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Yugoslavia thiab Greece tau ua tiav los ntawm pab tub rog German thaum hmo ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 6, raws li cov phiaj xwm lawv tau siv hauv kev sib tw xyoo 1939 thiab 1940. Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm 4th Air Fleet tam sim ntawd tau tawm tsam tshav dav hlau hauv thaj tsam Skopje, Kumanovo, Niš, Zagreb, Ljubljana. Kev tawm tsam huab cua loj tau tawm tsam Belgrade. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog hauv plawv nroog, qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev tau nyob. German aviation foob pob rau cov chaw sib tham, kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev sib txuas lus. Kev sib faib tsheb thiab tub rog ntawm 12th German pab tub rog hla hla ciam teb Bulgarian-Yugoslav hauv peb ntu.
Yugoslavian kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd: txawm tias yuav tiv thaiv tag nrho lub tebchaws, lossis thim rov qab mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau roob, nrog kev cia siab tias yuav rov mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau los ntawm kev xav txog kev ua tub rog, tab sis nws nyuaj rau lees nws los ntawm kev saib xyuas nom tswv thiab kev ncaj ncees. Thaum thim rov qab, lawv yuav tsum tawm hauv Croatia thiab Slovenia, Belgrade thiab lwm lub chaw tseem ceeb, yog li Yugoslavs tau lees txais thawj qhov kev xaiv. Muab qhov xwm txheej, nws yog qhov kev xaiv poob.
Kev tawm tsam Yugoslavia tau tshwm sim hauv ob theem. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Wehrmacht ntawm thawj theem yog txiav cov tub rog Yugoslav thib 3 tsis pub dhau ob hnub thiab ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm khiav haujlwm rau cov tub rog uas tau ua haujlwm tawm tsam Greece. Yog li ntawd, thaum xub thawj qhov kev tawm tsam loj tau tshwm sim hauv Macedonia. Lub 40th Mechanized Corps ntawm Tub Rog 12 tau tawm tsam sai sai hauv ob qho kev qhia: nrog ob qhov kev sib cais ntawm Kumanovo, Skopje, thiab ib feem ntawm Shtip, Veles. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Pawg Panzer 2nd ntawm 18th Corps tau nce mus raws lub hav ntawm Strumilitsa River txhawm rau hla dhau sab qaum teb ntawm Lake Doiran thiab nkag mus rau tom qab ntawm kab lus Greek muaj zog.
Cov tub rog German hauv Macedonia tsis muaj tus lej zoo dua li Yugoslav. Tab sis lawv tau ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob thiab dav hlau. Yugoslavs tuaj yeem tawm tsam 500 lub tank German nrog tsuas yog 30 rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Yeej tsis muaj cua npog. Kev tsav dav hlau German tau tswj hwm huab cua thiab txhawb nqa lub zog hauv av ua ntej. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas twb tau nyob hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov neeg German tau nce mus txog 30-50 km. Txawm hais tias kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj ntawm qee tus neeg ua haujlwm, thaum kawg ntawm hnub thib ob ntawm kev ua rog, Yugoslav pab tub rog hauv Macedonia tau swb lawm. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 7, Nazis ntes Skopje thiab Shtip.
Yog li, kev tswj hwm ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws tau cuam tshuam. Txiav tawm qhov kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb ntawm Yugoslavia thiab Greece, cov neeg German thwarted lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Yugoslavian txoj phiaj xwm - tshem tawm cov tub rog mus rau sab qab teb txhawm rau koom nrog Greek thiab Askiv. Twb tau nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 10, Wehrmacht mus txog Albania, tsim cov xwm txheej rau zaum kawg swb ntawm Yugoslavia thiab tig ib feem ntawm cov rog tawm tsam tim Nkij teb chaws. Kev cais tawm ntawm Yugoslavia los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws yog qhov ua tiav loj rau German hais kom ua. Ib qho ntxiv, tam sim no kev tawm tsam ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog tawm tsam Italians ntawm Albania tau dhau los tsis muaj qab hau.
Tankmen ntawm 11th Panzer Division ntawm Wehrmacht thaum so
Ib feem ntawm 14th Motorized Corps hauv Serbian nroog ntawm Niš
Nyob rau theem no, Pawg Tub Rog German thib 2 tau ua tiav qhov kev xa tawm thiab txwv rau kev ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam me me. Lub Plaub Hlis 8, Pab Pawg Panzer 1 (5 kev sib cais - 2 lub tank, 1 lub tsheb loj, 1 lub roob thiab 1 tus tub rog) tau tsoo los ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Sofia raws li Nis. Kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm no tau tuav los ntawm 5th Yugoslav Army, suav nrog 5 kev sib cais, uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm 400-kilometer pem hauv ntej raws ciam teb nrog Bulgaria. Qhov Yugoslav hais kom ua tsis muaj qhov tshwj tseg. Qhov tseeb, qhov tawg ntawm tag nrho pawg German tank poob rau ntawm Yugoslav faib. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias Yugoslavs tsis muaj sijhawm los tawm tsam. Kev faib Yugoslav tau swb thiab cov tub rog German yuav luag maj nrawm mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov tub rog siv tshuab ntawm cov neeg German tau nce mus txog 200 km hauv peb hnub thiab ntes Nis, Aleksinats, Parachin thiab Yagodina. Tom qab ntes Niš, Pawg Panzer 11th tau mus rau Belgrade, thiab Pawg Panzer thib 5 tau txav mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws. Yog li, cov tub rog German tsoo hla pem hauv ntej, txiav tawm Yugoslav pab tub rog thib 5, mus rau tom qab ntawm pab tub rog thib 6 thiab tsim kev hem thawj rau Belgrade los ntawm sab qab teb.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "kab thib tsib" thiab cov neeg swb tau dhau los ua haujlwm ntau dua hauv Yugoslavia. Croatian nationalists sawv tawm tshwj xeeb. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1941, SS Standartenführer Wesenmeier tau tso cai tuaj txog hauv Yugoslavia. Raws li nws hais, ib tus thawj coj ntawm Croatian Nazis (Ustasha) Quaternik tau sau ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev tsim "xeev ywj pheej ntawm Croatia". Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 10, raws li cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tau maj nrawm mus rau Zagreb, cov neeg tsim tebchaws tau tsim kev tawm tsam kev ua phem xav tau "kev ywj pheej." Croatian Peasants 'Party thiab nws tus thawj coj Maček tau thov rau cov neeg Croatian kom xa mus rau "tsoomfwv tshiab". Qhov no yog kev ntxeev siab ncaj ncees ntawm lub tebchaws.
Cov dej num ntawm sab saum toj ntawm Slovenian pawg ua haujlwm hauv Dravska Banovina (Slovenia) yog qhov ua phem. Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev txwv (tus tswv xeev) thaum lub Plaub Hlis 6, tau muaj lub rooj sab laj hauv tebchaws tau teeb tsa ntawm no, uas suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Slovenian tog. Pawg sab laj tau npaj yuav tso Slovenia yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus. "Slovenian Legion" tsim hauv Slovenia pib tshem riam phom Yugoslav. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 9, Yugoslav cov lus txib siab tau xaj kom raug "tsoomfwv" no. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog thib 1, General Rupnik, tsis ua tiav.
Kev ntxeev siab ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg Croatian thiab Slovenian tau ua tsis ncaj rau cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg 1 thiab 2, uas ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Yugoslavia. Ntau qhov kev tsim tawm thiab chav nyob poob lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev sib ntaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pawg tub rog thib 4 thiab thib 2. Ntxiv mus, kev sib tawm tsam tau tshwm sim hauv Yugoslav pab tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Croatian thiab Serb. Kev sib txuas ntawm Yugoslav cov lus txib siab nrog pab tub rog ntawm pawg 1 tau cuam tshuam. Yog li, kev ntxeev siab ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws thiab kev swb yeej ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov neeg German kom txeeb tau sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Yugoslavia.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 10, tom qab ua tiav qhov kev mloog zoo, thiab tos kom Yugoslav pab tub rog poob txoj hauv kev kom thim rov qab mus rau sab qab teb, cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm 2 pawg tub rog German tau pib tawm tsam. Theem thib ob ntawm Yugoslav kev ua haujlwm pib, lub hom phiaj uas yog kev ua tiav ntawm Yugoslavia thiab kev sib txuas nrog pab tub rog Italian. Txog thaum kawg lub Plaub Hlis 10, Cov tub rog German tau ntes Zagreb, yog ib lub chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tswjfwm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub tebchaws. Tom qab tsib hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus, kev tawm tsam ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Croatia thiab Slovenia tau tawg. Pawg tub rog thib 1 tsis muaj nyob lawm. Tus lej ntawm cov koog thiab kev tsim ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 thiab Pawg Tub Rog Primorsky Cheeb Tsam tau tawg tsis muaj kev koom nrog kev sib ntaus. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Plaub Hlis 10, Yugoslav cov lus txib siab tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia ntawm kev tshem cov tub rog mus rau sab qab teb Serbia, Herzegovina thiab Montenegro txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nyob ntawd. Txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, cov lus txib hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm poob. Cov tub rog tau ua tsis ncaj, ntau tus tub rog tsuas yog khiav mus rau lawv lub tsev.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 11, Cov tub rog German, txuas ntxiv lawv qhov kev tawm tsam sai rau txhua qhov, txuas nrog Italians nyob rau sab qab teb Serbia. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog Hungarian pib tawm tsam. Tus kav Hungarian Horthy tau hais tias tom qab tsim "ywj pheej Croatia" Yugoslavia tau faib ua ob ntu. Nws ncaj ncees nkag tebchaws Hungary mus rau hauv kev ua tsov rog los ntawm qhov xav tau los tiv thaiv cov neeg Hungarian hauv Vojvodina. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 12, cov tub rog Italian ntes Ljubljana, Debar thiab Ohrid. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 13, Cov tub rog German, ntsib tsis muaj kev tawm tsam, nkag mus rau Belgrade, thiab cov tub rog Hungarian nkag mus rau Novi Sad. Cov tub rog ntawm ob pawg neeg German poob siab, nce qib los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb hnub poob, koom ua ke hauv cheeb tsam Belgrade.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 13, hauv Pale, ze Sarajevo, tau muaj kev sib tham ntawm tsoomfwv Yugoslav, uas nws tau txiav txim siab thov cov lus hais txog kev ua tsov rog los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis. Tib hnub ntawd, tsoomfwv Yugoslav tau hais kom cov tub rog tso nws txhais caj npab. Vaj Ntxwv Peter II thiab nws cov nom tswv tau tawm hauv lub tebchaws, ya mus rau Egypt, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Egypt. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 17, 1941, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws A. Tsintsar-Markovic thiab General R. Jankovic tau kos npe rau qhov ua tsis pub leejtwg paub ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog. Raws li daim ntawv, txhua tus tub rog Yugoslav cov tub rog uas tseem tawm tsam tom qab 12 teev tsaus ntuj thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 18, 1941 raug rau txim tuag. Nyob rau tib hnub, cov tub rog Italian coj Dubrovnik.
Ob tus neeg lis haujlwm hauv Italis tshuaj xyuas ntes Czech ua 47mm Yugoslavian rab phom. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab - Brandt's 81 -mm mortars
Cov tub rog Italian ua tub rog nrog 6, 5-mm carbines Moschetto ib Cavalleria M1891 (Carcano), hauv lub cev ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom thaum lub sijhawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Belgrade
Cov tub rog Italian nyob hauv ib lub nroog Italian
Kab ntawm Italian bersagliers ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub nroog Yugoslavian
Cov txiaj ntsig
Tsoomfwv Yugoslav tau tsiv los ntawm Athens mus rau Middle East thaum lub Plaub Hlis 18, 1941, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm Cairo mus rau London. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 15, 1941, thaum tus huab tais khiav tawm hauv tebchaws, ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Yugoslavia (CPY) hauv Zagreb, nws tau txiav txim siab los npaj kev tawm tsam thiab pib ua rog ua rog. Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm Tub Rog tau tsim, coj los ntawm Tus Tuav Haujlwm General ntawm Communist tog ntawm Yosip Broz Tito. Cov neeg tawm tsam hu ua sib ntaus tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg German, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg Croatian fascists.
Cov tub rog German thaum lub sijhawm sib tw poob 151 tus tub rog tuag, 14 ploj lawm, 392 tus raug mob. Poob ntawm cov tub rog Italian - 3324 tus neeg tuag thiab raug mob. Kev poob ntawm Hungary - 120 tuag, 223 raug mob thiab 13 ploj lawm. Kev poob ntawm pab tub rog Yugoslav - kwv yees li 5 txhiab tus neeg raug tua. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, cov tub rog German tau ntes 225.5 txhiab Yugoslav cov tub rog, tom qab kev swb, tag nrho cov Yugoslav cov tub rog uas tau lees paub, raug ntes thiab swb rau cov neeg German tau nce mus rau 345 txhiab leej ntxiv 30 txhiab Yugoslav cov tub rog tau raug kaw los ntawm cov tub rog Italian. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho cov neeg raug ntes Yugoslav cov tub rog muaj txog 375 txhiab leej. Ib tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm lawv - Volksdeutsche Germans, Hungarians, Croats thiab Macedonians nyob hauv Yugoslavia - raug tso tawm qee lub sijhawm tom qab.
Lub Plaub Hlis 21-22, 1941, ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov thawj coj txawv tebchaws ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis hauv Vienna, tau muab faib ua Yugoslavia. Ua raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Bulgaria thiab Hungary, Yugoslavia tsis muaj nyob. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub nceeg vaj, peb lub xeev tiv thaiv tau tsim: Lub Xeev ywj pheej ntawm Croatia, Nedichevskaya Serbia thiab Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Montenegro. Qhov tseeb, lub zog hauv cov neeg tiv thaiv no yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lub tebchaws Axis: Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Hungary thiab Bulgaria. Lub xeev ywj pheej ntawm Croatia (NGH) tau nyob hauv cov tub rog German thiab Italis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw ntawm NGH tau muab faib ib nrab rau hauv German (sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj) thiab Italis (sab qab teb hnub poob) thaj chaw ntawm kev tswj tub rog.
Ltalis tau txais thaj chaw tseem ceeb. Cov neeg Italians tau txais lub xeev Ljubljana. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Yugoslav ntug dej hiav txwv tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Dalmatia tus tswv xeev, tsim los ntawm Italis xeev Zara, uas suav nrog thaj av Dalmatia, Adriatic ntug dej hiav txwv thiab Bay of Kotor. Croatia muab ntau lub tebchaws rau Ltalis. Ltalis tseem ua rau Montenegro, feem ntau ntawm Kosovo thiab Metohija, thiab thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Vardar Macedonia.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees tsim nws txoj kev tswj hwm ib feem ntawm Serbia kom raug, nrog ntxiv ntawm qee thaj chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Kosovo thiab Metohija, nplua nuj hauv kev tso nyiaj zinc thiab tin, thiab hla Yugoslavian Banat, uas ua rau sab hnub tuaj ib nrab ntawm Vojvodina. Cov cheeb tsam uas tseem tshuav ntawm Serbia tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub xeev menyuam roj hmab ntawm Serbia, coj los ntawm tus qub tub rog qub tub rog Milan Nedić (Nedichevskaya Serbia). Tsis tas li, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees suav nrog nws txoj kev tswj hwm rau sab qaum teb (feem ntau) ib feem ntawm Slovenia, feem ntau yog Upper Carniola thiab Lower Styria, nrog rau kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab.
Sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Vojvodina (Backa thiab Baranja), thaj tsam Slavonia uas nyob ib sab sab qaum teb ntawm Osijek, thiab ib feem ntawm Prekmurje tau pauv mus rau Hungary. Kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm hauv Hungarian kuj tau tsim hauv Medjumurje. Bulgaria tau txais feem ntau ntawm Vardar Macedonia, nrog rau qee thaj chaw nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Serbia kom raug thiab hauv Kosovo thiab Metohija.
Cov neeg raug kaw hauv Yugoslav
Sab ntawm Yugoslav cov neeg raug kaw ntawm kev taug kev raws txoj kev roob
