Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28 (Kaum Ib Hlis 15, yam qub), xyoo 1915, yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias nto moo, kws sau paj huam, kws sau paj huam, sau nkauj, sau xov xwm, pej xeem daim duab Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich Simonov yug hauv Petrograd. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog: kev hais lus tub rog, kev coj noj coj ua tiag tiag, cov nkauj. Raws li kws sau xov xwm tub rog, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Khalkhin Gol (1939) thiab Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), tau nce mus rau qib ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv Soviet Army, kuj tau ua tus lwm thawj coj ntawm USSR Writers ' Union, yog tus tswv ntawm ntau lub xeev khoom plig thiab khoom plig.
Raws li keeb kwm rau nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, tus kws sau ntawv no tau tso nws lub cim xeeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog, uas nws tau dhau los ntawm ntau zaj paj huam, sau ntawv, ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab dab neeg tshiab. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog cov ntawv tshiab hauv peb ntu "Lub Neej thiab Tuag". Hauv kev sau ntawv, Konstantin Simonov muaj ob peb tus neeg sib tw, vim tias nws yog ib yam uas yuav tsim thiab xav tsis thoob, thiab lwm qhov los sau txog qhov nws pom nrog nws lub qhov muag. Hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyob, Konstantin Simonov tau cuam tshuam nrog nws cov haujlwm uas tau mob siab rau Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, nrog cov paj huam "Tos kuv" thiab "Tus Tub ntawm tus kws siv phom loj" paub los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv.
Konstantin Simonov yug xyoo 1915 hauv Petrograd rau hauv tsev neeg muaj tswv yim tiag. Nws txiv yog tub rog, thiab nws niam yog tsev neeg tseem ceeb. Tus kws sau ntawv txiv, Mikhail Agafangelovich Simonov, tau kawm tiav ntawm Imperial Nicholas Academy, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm St. George's riam phom. Koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tswj kom nce mus rau qib General (muab rau thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 1915). Thaj, thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv, nws tau khiav tawm tebchaws Russia, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab txog nws hnub rov qab rau xyoo 1920-1922 thiab hais txog nws kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau tebchaws Poland. Simonov nws tus kheej, hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, qhia tias nws txiv tau ploj mus thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Leej niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Soviet yog tus ntxhais huab tais tiag tiag Alexandra Leonidovna Obolenskaya. Obolenskys yog tsev neeg qub hauv tebchaws Russia, cuam tshuam nrog Rurik. Cov yawg koob ntawm lub npe no yog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Obolensky Ivan Mikhailovich.
Xyoo 1919, leej niam, ua ke nrog tus tub, tau tsiv mus rau Ryazan, qhov uas nws tau yuav ib tus kws tshaj lij tub rog, tus kws qhia tub rog, yav dhau los tus thawj tub rog ntawm Lavxias Imperial Army, Alexander Grigorievich Ivanishev. Kev kawm ntawm tus tub tau raug coj los ntawm nws txiv tshiab, uas xub qhia txog kev tawm tswv yim hauv tsev kawm tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Red Army. Tag nrho cov menyuam yaus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau siv sijhawm ncig ncig cov chaw ua tub rog thiab cov thawj coj hauv tsev so. Tom qab kawm tiav qib 7, nws nkag mus rau hauv FZU - lub tsev kawm ntawv ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm puv ntoob hauv Saratov, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws tsev neeg tau tsiv xyoo 1931. Hauv Moscow, tau txais cov laus, nws tseem ua haujlwm ntxiv rau ob xyoos ntxiv, tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus rau hauv AM Gorky Literary Institute. Nws txoj kev txaus siab thiab kev hlub rau cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia rau nws los ntawm nws niam, uas nyeem ntau thiab sau paj huam nws tus kheej.
Simonov sau nws cov paj huam thawj zaug thaum nws muaj 7 xyoos. Hauv lawv, nws tau piav qhia txog kev kawm thiab lub neej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm tsev kawm tub rog, uas dhau los ua ntej nws lub qhov muag. Xyoo 1934, hauv qhov sau ob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv, uas tau hu ua "Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Lub Zog", tom qab ntxiv thiab rov sau dua, raws li cov lus ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv thuam, paj huam los ntawm Konstantin Simonov, uas tau hu ua "Belomorski", tau tshaj tawm, nws tau hais txog kev tsim kho Hiav Txwv Dawb-Baltic Canal. Thiab Simonov qhov kev txaus siab los ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Dawb tom qab ntawd yuav suav nrog nws cov paj huam nyob rau xyoo 1935 hu ua "Paj Huam Dawb Hiav Txwv". Pib xyoo 1936, Simonov cov paj huam pib tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm, thaum xub thawj tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tom qab ntawd ntau thiab ntau zaus.
Xyoo 1938, Konstantin Simonov kawm tiav los ntawm AM Gorky Literary Institute. Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv twb tau npaj los npaj thiab tshaj tawm ob peb yam haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws cov paj huam tau luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Lub Kaum Hli" thiab "Young Guard". Tsis tas li xyoo 1938 nws tau raug lees paub los ntawm Union of Writers of the USSR thiab nkag mus rau tsev kawm tiav ntawm IFLI, luam tawm nws cov paj huam "Pavel Cherny". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Simonov tsis tau ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm tiav qib siab.
Xyoo 1939, Simonov, raws li tus neeg cog lus sau cov ncauj lus tub rog, raug xa mus ua tub rog xov xwm rau Khalkhin Gol thiab tsis rov qab mus kawm nws tom qab ntawd. Tsis ntev ua ntej raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej, tus kws sau ntawv thaum kawg hloov nws lub npe. Hloov chaw ntawm nws haiv neeg Cyril, raws li nws tau muaj npe thaum yug los, nws tau siv lub npe tsis tseeb Konstantin Simonov. Qhov laj thawj rau kev hloov npe yog teeb meem nrog kev hais lus. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis yooj yim tshaj tawm tsab ntawv "r" thiab nyuaj "l", vim li no nws nyuaj rau nws tshaj tawm lub npe Cyril. Lub pseudonym ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb ntawm kev sau ntawv, thiab nws tus kheej tau nrawm heev tau txais tag nrho-lub npe nrov npe raws li Konstantin Simonov.
Kev ua tsov rog rau tus kws sau ntawv Soviet nto npe tsis tau pib xyoo 1941, tab sis ua ntej, rov qab rau hauv Khalkhin-Gol, thiab nws yog qhov kev mus ncig no uas tau teeb tsa ntau yam ntawm nws cov haujlwm tom ntej. Ntxiv rau cov ntawv ceeb toom thiab cov ntawv sau los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog, Konstantin Simonov tau coj tag nrho nws cov paj huam, uas dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev hauv USSR. Ib qho ntawm cov paj huam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog nws "Doll", uas tus kws sau tau teeb tsa cov tub rog lub luag haujlwm rau nws cov neeg thiab lub tebchaws. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej pib Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws, Konstantin Simonov tswj kom ua tiav cov chav sib tham ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Frunze Military Academy (1939-1940) thiab Military-Political Academy (1940-1941). Txog thaum lub sijhawm tsov rog pib, nws tau tswj kom tau txais qib ua tub rog - tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm qib thib ob.
Konstantin Simonov tau nyob hauv cov tub rog nquag los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, nws yog nws tus kheej xov xwm rau ntau tsab ntawv xov xwm tub rog. Thaum pib ua tsov rog, tus kws sau ntawv tau xa mus rau Sab Hnub Poob. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 13, 1941, Simonov pom nws tus kheej nyob ze Mogilev hauv qhov chaw ntawm 338th Infantry Regiment ntawm 172nd Infantry Division, ib feem ntawm qhov uas tawv ncauj tiv thaiv lub nroog, cuam tshuam rau cov tub rog German tau ntev. Thawj qhov no, hnub nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab tiv thaiv Mogilev tseem nyob tau ntev nyob rau hauv kev nco ntawm Simonov, uas, feem ntau yuav, kuj tau pom kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo ntawm thaj chaw Buinichi, uas cov tub rog German poob 39 lub tso tsheb hlau luam.
Hauv cov ntawv tshiab "Nyob thiab Tuag", uas Konstantin Simonov yuav sau tom qab ua tsov rog, qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav nthuav tawm tsuas yog nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob thiab ze Mogilev. Nws nyob ntawm Buinichi qhov chaw uas nws cov kws sau paj huam Serpilin thiab Sintsov yuav ntsib, thiab nws nyob hauv daim teb no uas tus kws sau ntawv hais kom tawg nws cov tshauv tom qab kev tuag. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, nws tau sim nrhiav cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Mogilev, nrog rau tus thawj coj ntawm Kutepov cov tub rog tiv thaiv thaj tsam Buinichi, tab sis nws tsis pom cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov xwm txheej no, ntau ntawm lawv yeej tsis tau tawm ntawm ib puag ncig hauv qab lub nroog, muab lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev yeej yav tom ntej. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, Konstantin Simonov nws tus kheej tau sau tias: "Kuv tsis yog tub rog, kuv tsuas yog tus neeg sau xov xwm sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis kuv kuj muaj ib daim av uas kuv yuav tsis hnov qab - qhov no yog thaj av ze Mogilev, qhov uas kuv xub pom thawj zaug thaum Lub Xya Hli Xyoo 1941 li cas peb cov tub rog hlawv thiab tsoo 39 lub tank German nyob hauv ib hnub."
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, raws li tus kws tshaj xov xwm tshwj xeeb rau Red Star, Simonov tswj tau mus ntsib Odessa. Xyoo 1942 nws tau nce mus rau qib ntawm pab tub rog loj hauv pab tub rog. Xyoo 1943 - tus tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm, thiab tom qab xaus kev ua tsov rog - tus thawj tub rog. Tus kws sau ntawv tau tshaj tawm feem ntau ntawm nws kev sib tham ua tsov rog hauv Krasnaya Zvezda ntawv xov xwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau txiav txim siab ncaj ncees yog ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij tub rog nyob hauv lub tebchaws thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm loj heev. Simonov ua siab loj npaj rau phiaj xwm hauv lub nkoj submarine, mus rau kev tua neeg tawg rog, thiab sim nws tus kheej ua tus saib xyuas. Thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, nws tswj xyuas ob lub Dub thiab Barents Hiav Txwv, pom Norwegian fjords. Tus kws sau ntawv tau ua tiav nws cov kab hauv ntej hauv Berlin. Nws yog tus kheej tam sim no ntawm kev kos npe ntawm kev ua ntawm kev swb ntawm Hitlerite Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Tsov rog zoo li tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, uas tau pab nws hauv nws txoj haujlwm thiab niaj hnub. Konstantin Simonov ib txwm muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm nws cov tub rog, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab mob siab rau.
Thaum plaub xyoos ntawm kev ua rog, tsib phau ntawv nrog cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tau tawm los ntawm hauv qab nws tus cwj mem. Nws kuj tau ua haujlwm ntawm zaj dab neeg "Hnub thiab Hmo Ntuj", ua yeeb yam "Cov neeg Lavxias", "Yog li nws yuav yog", "Hauv qab cov txiv ntseej ntawm Prague". Yog li ntau cov paj huam sau thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog tau sau tseg hauv Simonov cov ntawv sau tseg uas tom qab ntawd lawv suav sau ntau phau ntawv ntawm nws cov haujlwm ib zaug. Xyoo 1941, ntawv xov xwm Pravda luam tawm ib qho ntawm nws cov paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws - nto moo Tos Kuv. Cov paj huam no feem ntau raug xa mus rau "kev thov Vajtswv ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv," tus choj nqaim ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag. Hauv "Tos Kuv" tus kws sau paj huam tau hais rau tus poj niam uas tab tom tos nws, tau tswj hwm kom ua tiav cov lus ntawm qhov kev cia siab ntawm txhua tus tub rog ua ntej uas tau sau ntawv hauv tsev rau lawv cov neeg hlub, niam txiv thiab cov phooj ywg ze.
Tom qab ua tsov rog, tus kws sau ntawv tau mus ntsib ntau qhov kev lag luam txawv teb chaws ib zaug. Peb xyoos nws tau mus xyuas Asmeskas, Nyij Pooj thiab Tuam Tshoj. Los ntawm 1958 txog 1960 nws nyob hauv Tashkent, ua haujlwm ua tus tshaj xov xwm rau Pravda hauv cov koom pheej ntawm Central Asia, nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub npe trilogy The Living and the Dead. Nws tau tsim tom qab xyoo 1952 tshiab Comrades hauv Caj Npab. Nws trilogy "Nyob thiab Tuag" tau txais khoom plig Lenin xyoo 1974. Thawj phau ntawv tshiab uas muaj tib lub npe tau luam tawm xyoo 1959 (zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj tib lub npe tau ua raws nws), phau ntawv tshiab thib ob, "Cov tub rog tsis tau yug los", tau tso tawm xyoo 1962 (zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Kev Ua Phem", 1969), peb qhov tshiab, "Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Kawg" tau luam tawm xyoo 1971. Qhov trilogy no yog kev kawm txuj ci nthuav dav ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Soviet kom yeej hauv kev ua tsov rog txaus ntshai thiab ntshav. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, Simonov tau sim ua ke kom ntseeg tau "keeb kwm" ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog, uas nws tau pom nrog nws tus kheej lub qhov muag, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej no los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lawv cov kev ntsuas niaj hnub no thiab nkag siab.
Konstantin Simonov txhob txwm tsim tus txiv neej hais lus, tab sis nws kuj muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia poj niam cov duab. Feem ntau, cov no yog cov duab ntawm cov poj niam uas muaj txiv neej sib xws hauv kev coj ua thiab kev xav, kev ntseeg ncaj ncees thiab muaj peev xwm tos. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Simonov, kev ua tsov rog ib txwm muaj ntau sab thiab ntau yam. Tus neeg sau paub yuav qhia nws li cas los ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis, txav mus los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm nws cov haujlwm los ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub hauv paus tub rog thiab tom qab sib sib zog nqus. Nws paub yuav ua li cas qhia kev ua tsov rog dhau los ntawm prism ntawm nws tus kheej kev nco thiab tseem nyob ruaj rau txoj cai no mus txog thaum kawg, txhob txwm tso tseg tus kws sau ntawv txoj kev xav.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias Simonov yog tus neeg nyiam tshaj; cov poj niam yeej nyiam nws. Tus txiv neej zoo nraug tau ua tiav zoo hauv poj niam lub neej, nws tau sib yuav plaub zaug. Konstantin Simonov muaj plaub tus menyuam - tus tub thiab peb tus ntxhais.
Lub pob zeb nco tau mob siab rau nco txog Konstantin Simonov, teeb tsa ntawm thaj chaw Buinichi
Tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tuag thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, 1979 hauv Moscow thaum muaj hnub nyoog 63 xyoos. Txog qee qhov, tus kws sau ntawv tau puas los ntawm kev xav haus luam yeeb. Nws haus luam yeeb thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau cov yeeb nkab. Nws txiav luam yeeb tsuas yog peb xyoos ua ntej nws tuag. Raws li tus tub ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Alexei Simonov, nws txiv nyiam haus luam yeeb tshwj xeeb Askiv nrog cov txiv ntoo qab zib. Tom qab tus kws sau ntawv tuag, raws li lub siab xav tseg, cov txheeb ze tau tawg nws cov tshauv ntawm thaj chaw Buinichi. Nws tau nyob hauv daim teb no, tom qab qhov kev poob siab txaus ntshai thiab ntshai thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev ua tsov rog, uas Konstantin Simonov, pom tseeb, thawj zaug xav tias lub tebchaws yuav tsis swb rau txoj kev hlub ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, nws yuav muaj peev xwm tawm mus. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, nws feem ntau rov qab los rau daim teb no, thaum kawg nws yuav rov qab mus rau nws mus ib txhis.
