"Iron Marshal" Louis Nicolas Davout

"Iron Marshal" Louis Nicolas Davout
"Iron Marshal" Louis Nicolas Davout

Video: "Iron Marshal" Louis Nicolas Davout

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Ntawm lwm 26 tus thawj coj ntawm Napoleon, Louis Davout yog tib tus neeg uas tuaj yeem khav ntawm keeb kwm qub ntawm nws lub xeem. Davout tau koom nrog tsev neeg Burgundian thaum ub, coj nws cov poj koob yawm txwv kom rov qab los txog thaum xyoo pua 13th, thiab qhov no tau xav tsis thoob txog nws tus yam ntxwv: tsis yog tsuas yog tus tub rog siab tawv uas tau tswj hwm kom dhau mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog Fabkis cov tub rog, nws kuj yog tus txiv neej siab zoo uas tseem nyob ruaj khov rau lub tswv yim uas ntseeg.

Louis Nicolas Davout yug hauv 1770 hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Anne (xeev Burgundy) thiab yog tus menyuam hlob ntawm tub rog tub rog tub rog Jean-François d'Avoux thiab Françoise-Adelaide Minard de Velard.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, Davout nkag mus rau Brienne lub tsev kawm tub rog, uas Napoleon Bonaparte kawm tiav ib xyoos ua ntej nws nkag mus rau ntawd. Xyoo 1788, Davout kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm theem siab thiab, nrog rau qib ntawm cov tub rog nyob qib qis, tuaj txog hauv Champagne cov tub rog tub rog, uas nws yawg thiab txiv tau ua yav dhau los.

Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam Fab Kis Kev Tawm Tsam, Louis txhawb cov tswv yim koom pheej thiab, ua raws li kev hloov pauv hloov, hloov nws lub npe neeg tseem ceeb (d'Ave) mus rau qhov yooj yim - Davout.

Tom qab kev tawm tsam tau ua rau nthwv dej ntawm kev xav hloov pauv hauv Champagne Regiment, Davout poob rau hauv kev txaj muag thiab raug yuam kom tawm haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tas yuav zaum tsis ua haujlwm ntev, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1791, Davout, nrog rau qib ntawm tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm, tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Yonne cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb - qhov no yog li cas nws txoj haujlwm tub rog pib hauv qhov tshiab xeev xeev.

Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Nervind, Davout tau siv zog tiv thaiv nws cov tub rog tsis txhob hla mus rau qhov chij ntawm pab tub rog ntawm General Dumouriez, uas twb tau hla mus rau sab Austrians lawm. Txog kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Chouans (cov neeg ua liaj ua teb) nyob hauv Vendee, Davout tau txais qib tseem ceeb hauv kev pabcuam tub rog, thiab tom qab 17 hnub nws tau dhau los ua tub rog dav dav.

Lub sijhawm no, Cov Lus Cog Tseg txiav txim siab tshem tawm txhua tus tub ceev xwm qub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm - Davout nws tus kheej tau xa nws tawm haujlwm, thiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1794 nws tau raug ntes nrog nws niam, thiab tsuas yog kev rhuav tshem ntawm Jacobin txoj kev cawm nws txoj sia. Hauv tib lub xyoo, 1794, Louis Davout tau rov qab los ua tub rog nrog rau qib ntawm cov tub rog loj.

Txij li xyoo 1798, General Davout tau koom nrog hauv Egyptian phiaj los nqis tes ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog tub rog. Thaum ua tsov rog nyob rau sab av loj African, nws tswj hwm nws tus kheej, pab txhawb txoj kev yeej ntawm Fab Kis ntawm Fort Aboukir. Nws txoj kev ua tub rog ua tiav tsis tuaj yeem pom rau Napoleon, thiab me ntsis los ntawm ob tus neeg zoo no tau los ze zog.

Xyoo 1801, Davout tau txais kev tso cai ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv, thiab hauv 1804 (tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm Napoleon) nws tau dhau los ua marshal thiab ib tus ntawm Bonaparte tus kws pab tswv yim.

Louis Davout yog tus koom nrog koom nrog hauv Napoleonic phiaj xwm ntawm 1805-1807 ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 3 ntawm Grand Army. Nws yog lub sijhawm ua tsov rog no uas cov tub rog txuj ci ntawm Marshal Davout tau pib ua kom pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Ulm, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Austrian, Baron Mack von Leiberich, ua ke nrog 30 txhiab tus neeg, tso rau Fab Kis. Davout kuj tau qhia nws tus kheej zoo heev thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Austerlitz.

Txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Auerstedt, thaum lub sijhawm thib 3 ntawm pab tub rog Fab Kis nyob rau hauv kev txib ntawm Davout, suav nrog 26 txhiab tus tub rog, ua rau muaj kev swb yeej ob zaug raws li cov tub rog muaj zog ntawm Duke ntawm Braunschweig. Davout txoj kev yeej tseem ceeb tshaj Napoleon txoj kev yeej ntawm Jena thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev swb ntawm pab tub rog Austrian. Nov yog qhov Napoleon nws tus kheej sau txog Auerstedt: "… Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Auerstedt yog ib hnub zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Fabkis! Kuv tshuav qhov no rau Tus Tub Ceev Xwm Thib Peb thiab nws tus thawj coj. Kuv zoo siab heev uas nws tau los ua koj! " Louis Davout tau muab lub npe ntawm Duke of Aursted, thiab ib puag ncig tib lub sijhawm nws tau lub npe menyuam yaus "Iron Marshal".

Qhov kawg ntawm 1806 - pib xyoo 1807 tau ua rau Davout cov tub rog sib ntaus nrog cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov Tub Ceev Xwm thib 3, uas tau los pab ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Fab Kis, tau cawm Bonaparte los ntawm kev swb ntawm Preussisch-Eylau.

Tom qab Tilsit Peace Treaty, Louis Davout tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Thawj Coj-General ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Warsaw, thiab qhov no yog lub sijhawm rau nws tau so me ntsis los ntawm kev sib cav nyob sab Europe tsis tu ncua.

Thaum ua rog nrog cov neeg Austrians xyoo 1809, Davout cov tub rog tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Ekmühl thiab Wagram (rau qhov yeej ntawm Ekmühl, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Prince of Ekmühl, dhau los ua ib ntawm peb tus tub rog uas ib txhij muaj ob lub npe tau txais hauv txawv teb chaws phiaj xwm).

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, 1812, qhov kev faib ua feem thib 1 ntawm Marshal Davout yog ib tus thawj hla tus dej Neman: Nov yog qhov kev tawm tsam Lavxias pib (raws li Fab Kis keeb kwm hu ua Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog). Louis Davout corps, suav nrog 72 txhiab tus tib neeg, yog ib thiab ib nrab rau ob zaug loj dua li lwm pawg Fab Kis.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1812, Davout coj Minsk, me ntsis tom qab Mogilev, tawm tsam Molokhovsky Gate thaum lub sij hawm cua daj cua dub ntawm Smolensk thiab tom qab kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj nkag hauv lub nroog no.

Hauv Borodino, Davout cov tub rog tau tawm tsam Bagration lub ntsej muag, thiab, pom qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tiav ntawm Fab Kis, - tus thawj tub rog tus kheej tau coj 57th pab tub rog mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, - nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias hauv qhov kev tawm tsam no Dav Dav siab tawv, caij nees nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, tau raug mob.

Nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog los ntawm Moscow, Davout sawv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus tiv thaiv tom qab, txawm li cas los xij, tom qab swb ntawm Vyazma, nws yuav tsum tso nws cov lus txib rau Marshal Ney.

Nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntxiv ntawm Fab Kis tob rau hauv Europe, Davout tau coj kev tiv thaiv ntawm Hamburg, thiab tuav lub nroog kom txog thaum Napoleon Bonaparte kev tso tseg los ntawm lub zwm txwv huab tais xyoo 1814.

Tseem tshuav ib tus neeg txhawb kev xav ntawm Napoleon, Davout tau los ua Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tsov Rog thaum nws rov qab los rau lub zwm txwv (thaum lub npe nrov "Ib puas Hnub"). Ua ntej tawm mus rau pab tub rog, Napoleon hais rau Davout tias nws tsis tuaj yeem coj nws nrog nws, txij li nws yuav xav tau ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv Paris.

Davout tsuas yog ib tus uas, tom qab Kev Sib Tw ntawm Waterloo, thov zam txim rau txhua tus neeg uas tau cog lus ruaj khov rau Napoleon thaum nws rov kho dua, txwv tsis pub nws hem tias yuav txuas ntxiv mus, thiab nws tus mob tau txais.

Louis Davout kuj tseem yog ib tus neeg uas tsis tshua muaj siab tawv uas tsis kam lees paub qhov raug cai ntawm kev rov kho lub Bourbon dynasty, tsuas yog xyoo 1817 nws tau mus rau hauv tsev hais plaub ntawm Louis XVIII.

Nov yog ib tus neeg tsim nyog tshaj ntawm Napoleonic era tuag xyoo 1823 los ntawm kev mob ntsws ntsws.

Txawm tias muaj kev npau taws heev, uas qee zaum mus txog qhov ua phem, tau sau tseg ntau zaus los ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig (txawm tias L. N. kev ua tub rog ci ntsa iab. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas nws tsuas yog ib tus ntawm 26 tus Napoleon cov tub rog uas tsis raug kev txom nyem ib zaug hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

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