Lub Rau Hli 20, 1957, los ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm USSR, tau tsim lub tuam txhab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Izhevsk Radio Engineering Plant, uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo ntawd, tau xav tau los ntawm lub tebchaws rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. 55 xyoos tau dhau los txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, cov nroj tsuag tau hloov nws lub npe ntau zaus, tab sis tsis tsuas yog tsis tau tso tseg kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj tau dhau los ua ib lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv.
Kev tsim kho ntawm tsob ntoo xyoo 1957
Hauv kev cob qhia 80s
Ib zaj dab neeg nthuav yog txuas nrog kev tsim tsob ntoo. Thaum pib, lub tshuab xaws tau tsim nyob ze ntawm Izhevsk pas dej. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj cai txawv teb chaws thiab hauv tsev yuam kom cov thawj coj tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws hais kom hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tuam txhab uas tab tom tsim kho. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tsev tsim khaub ncaws uas twb tau ua tiav ib nrab tau hloov mus rau hauv lub Hoobkas # 444, qhov uas nws tau npaj "xaws" xov tooj cua-khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev tswj cov dav hlau tiv thaiv. Thawj qhov kev cob qhia ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tsim thiab teeb tsa twb tau tsim xyoo 1958. Xyoo 58, cov nroj tsuag tau txais nws thawj txoj haujlwm-los ua tus tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm K5I-1 tswj chav rau tiv thaiv cov dav hlau ya. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tib lub xyoo, lub tuam txhab tau hloov pauv mus rau Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant (IEMZ). Txog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1958, cov neeg ua haujlwm cog tau sib sau ua ke thawj zaug ntawm K-5I cov khoom thiab muab nws xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Xyoo tom ntej, 1959, tau cim los ntawm kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm kev cob qhia thiab cov tuam tsev, nrog rau kev nce qib hauv kev tsim khoom. Yog li, rau xyoo 59, tus lej IEMZ cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav luag ob npaug thiab mus txog rau ntawm ib thiab ib nrab txhiab tus neeg. Raws li tsuas yog cov khoom kom deb li deb - thaiv K5I -1 - 1904 chav nyob tau tsim tawm xyoo 1959. Hauv rau caum xyoo, Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant tau koom nrog kev cob qhia tshiab, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab thiab txoj haujlwm tshiab hauv cov khoom lag luam. Xyoo 1960, kev tsim cov khoom siv xov tooj cua rau tiv thaiv cov dav hlau ya dav hlau tau ua tiav.
SAM "OSA"
SAM "TOR-M1"
Kev npaj rau kev sim ua teb
Cov xyoo tom ntej no tau cim los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho cov rooj cob qhia tshiab thiab kev tsim khoom tshiab. Kev tsim ntau lub tshuab tau pib tsis yog rau kev tiv thaiv dav hlau nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov foob pob hluav taws. Tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej siv rau lub foob pob hluav taws kub ceev ntawm 8K11 thiab 8K14 tau tsim hauv Izhevsk. Ib me ntsis tom qab, hauv 61st, cog # 444 tau xaj kom pib tsim ntau yam ntawm Krug cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua hluav taws. Txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nthuav cov peev txheej tsim khoom thiab tsim lwm qhov kev cob qhia. Kev tsim cov khoom thaiv rau Krug huab cua tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws ua rau lub zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag txhim kho. Yog li, rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1961 txog 1965, tag nrho cov ntim ntawm IEMZ cov khoom tau nce plaub thiab ib nrab zaug, thiab cov npe khoom lag luam tsim muaj ntau dua 70 txhiab txoj haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab suav nrog yuav luag rau txhiab tus neeg.
Kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom siv
SAM thaum lub Peb Hlis
Xyoo 2000s
Hauv ib nrab ntawm lub rau caum thiab thaum ntxov seventies, kev txhim kho ntawm Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant tau txais lub zog tshiab. Lub tuam txhab tau muab txoj haujlwm los tsim yuav luag txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm Osa tiv thaiv lub dav hlau foob pob hluav taws, ob lub foob pob thiab nws qhov av. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom xaj, yuav tsum muaj ob lub rooj cob qhia ntxiv thiab ntau lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo caum caum, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm IEMZ yog cov cuab yeej rau Osa huab cua tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo kaum xyoo lub tuam txhab tau pib npaj rau kev tso tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Lub sijhawm no, kev tsim qauv tshiab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau "Tor" tau mus rau ntawm Moscow Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Electromechanical Institute. Nws qhov kev tsim khoom tau npaj los ua haujlwm hauv Izhevsk, yog li IEMZ cov neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho qee yam. Xyoo 1981, thawj daim qauv ntawm Torah tau sib sau ua ke, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm Izhevsk pib tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv dav hlau. Kev tsim kho cov khoom lag luam tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv tub rog huab cua tau ua tiav qhov kev sib sau ntawm Osa complexes. Txij li xyoo 1980, 9K33M3 Osa-AKM lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua tau sib sau ua ke ntawm IEMZ, thiab hauv 88th lawv kev tsim khoom tau xaus. Los ntawm kev tsim qauv ntawm Osa-AKM huab cua tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws, Saman-M1 lub hom phiaj nyuaj tau tsim, tsim los tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm kev qhia thaum lub sij hawm kev kawm tua nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau.
SAM OSA AKM
RK Tor-M2E (9K332MK) ntawm MAKS-2009
SAM "Tor-M2K"
Txij li thaum ib nrab-yim caum xyoo, Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant tau pib tsim ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm "Tor" txoj, suav nrog qhov tshiab tshaj "Tor-M2". Cov nroj tsuag tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob rau tsheb sib ntaus, nrog rau lwm yam ntawm lawv lub yees. Ntau xyoo dhau los, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj hu ua "Tor-M2E" nrog lub log tsheb uas tsim los ntawm Minsk MKTZ tau nthuav tawm.
Tom qab kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union, tsob ntoo, uas nyuam qhuav tau txais lub npe "Kupol", yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom muaj sia nyob thiab txhim kho cov khoom lag luam rau pej xeem. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1992 IEMZ tsim thawj pawg khoom siv rau kev lag luam roj. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom lag luam uas tsis yog tub rog tau nthuav dav nrog cov khoom siv huab cua, feem ntau yog cov cua sov, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam nuclear, thiab lwm yam.
Xyoo 2002, Izhevsk Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob, vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb thiab kev paub ntau yam hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob rau cov tshuab tiv thaiv dav hlau, hloov pauv nws txoj cai lij choj. Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Xeev Txoj Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm tau dhau los ua kev sib koom ua lag luam thiab tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev txhawj xeeb, Kupol cog, ua ke nrog lwm lub tuam txhab, ua tiav kev tsim cov txheej txheem Tor-M2 thiab tseem tab tom txhim kho tsev neeg no ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua hauv tsev luv luv.
