Kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev thiab loj hlob sai. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov riam phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev coj ua lag luam tau hloov pauv, txav deb ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb thiab lwm cov qauv ib txwm muaj rau kev lag luam xws li kev tiv thaiv thiab kev nyab xeeb
Kev lag luam tab tom sim teb sai rau qhov xav tau nthuav dav ntawm cov tub rog cov tub lag luam, tsis yog txhawm rau "ua kom lub nra hnyav", tab sis kuj tseem tsim cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej.
Qhov no tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov lus ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm DSM Dyneema, Marco Manik, uas tau hais hauv ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev xam phaj: "Peb tsim cov txiv neej muaj zog tshaj plaws, thiab qhov no yog DYNEEMA fiber".
Cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam tau faib cais DSM txoj kev daws teeb meem kev nyab xeeb raws li "nthwv dej tshiab lossis tsim kev tiv thaiv pob zeb". Lub tuam txhab kev muab khoom, uas nws hu ua "Uncompromising Technological Excellence," muab cov khoom sib dhos thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, muab kev nplij siab nrog rau lwm cov yam ntxwv zoo, thiab muab cov neeg siv khoom "txhua yam lawv xav tau kom ua tiav."
Manik hais txog DYNEEMA fiber-based HB laminate ua ib qho ntawm cov txuj ci thev naus laus zis hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ballistic. Qhov tseeb, "DYNEEMA HB fiber tsis yog tsuas yog 15 zaug muaj zog dua hlau, tab sis muaj tus lej ntawm cov khoom uas yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag, uas peb tau ua tib zoo mloog," nws hais ntxiv, thiab thaum nug txog cov neeg siv khoom hauv cheeb tsam no xav tau dab tsi, tau teb tias "lawv xav tau cov kev xaiv uas yooj yim dua rau lawv cov cuab yeej siv."
Sherrill Ingstad, Lub taub hau ntawm Advanced Ceramics ntawm ZM pom zoo nrog nws: "Peb pom qhov xav tau zoo hauv Asmeskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hnyav, thiab qhov no yog qhov uas peb tau mob siab rau niaj hnub no. Peb siv zog ua kom zoo txhua yam ntawm peb txoj haujlwm-los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab R&D rau peb cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke thiab tsim cov txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo-txhawm rau muab cov tshuab hnyav uas txo lub nra rau cov tub rog thaum tseem muab qib kev tiv thaiv.
Raws li tus kws tshaj lij rau Ceradyne (ib feem ntawm ZM), Ingstad tshaj tawm tias ntau dua ob lab lub tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv thiab ntau dua 100,000 lub kaus mom tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (ESN) tau muab rau tub rog Asmeskas niaj hnub no.
Txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov me me, ESN "muab qib siab ntawm cov mos txwv thiab kev faib ua feem ntau dua li lwm lub kaus mom hlau sib ntaus hauv keeb kwm," Ingstad hais. "Piv rau lwm lub kaus mom hlau uas hnyav ib yam hauv kev pabcuam, ESN nce qib kev tiv thaiv cov mos txwv thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg tawg ntau dua 35%."
Thawj ECH lub kaus mom hlau tau txais kev pabcuam nrog Asmeskas tub rog xyoo 2014.
Ceradyne cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tseem suav nrog ESAPI (txhim kho caj npab tiv thaiv me me) hnyav, txhim kho caj npab tiv thaiv me me txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov riam phom me. Cov ntawv tso rau hauv muaj ntau qhov sib txawv thiab haum rau hauv ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev rau cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm ob tus poj niam txiv neej. "Peb muab lub tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv tso rau hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Thauj Khoom, uas tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm xaj xaj rau txhua tus neeg," tus kws tshaj lij Ceradyne tau hais.
Lub tuam txhab muab cov khoom siv ESAPI niaj hnub tiv thaiv ntawm ntau qhov hnyav. Daim ntawv cog lus tam sim no ntawm Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg muab rau kev muab cov ntxig me me, me me thiab nruab nrab, qhov hnyav ntawm uas tsawg dua 2 kg mus rau yuav luag 2.5 kg. Ceradyne kuj tseem muaj cov ntxig loj thiab tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev, uas hnyav dua me ntsis.
Ceradyne pib xa cov khoom xa tuaj ib hlis ua ntej lub sijhawm kawg Lub Rau Hli. Raws li nws, lub tuam txhab yuav tsum ua tiav cov khoom xa tuaj rau qhov kev xaj no thaum kawg ntawm 2017.
Kev tiv thaiv cov tsheb thiab lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm
Tus sawv cev ntawm RUAG Defense tuam txhab tau muab nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau tsheb, uas, qhov tseeb, rhaub kom nrhiav kev pom zoo ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav (tawm ntawm txoj kev hla kev) lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm, nqa lub dav hlau, thiab lwm yam), thiab tseem muaj cov kev daws teeb meem uas ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tsheb lawv tus kheej los ntawm ntau qhov kev hem thawj, muaj zog dua thiab tuag taus ntau dua. RUAG Defense tseem tau hais ntxiv: "Pom tseeb, qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej mus rau qhov xwm txheej, tab sis koj ib txwm sim nrhiav qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj ntawm qib kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los. Cov uas tham txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev hem thawj yog qhov raug, tab sis peb niaj hnub tshawb fawb cov tswv yim tshiab hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim qauv daws teeb meem."
Ntxiv mus, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm RUAG tau sau tseg qhov tsis meej ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev hem thawj niaj hnub no thiab cov kev cov nyom uas cov xwm txheej no ua rau cov neeg muab khoom siv thiab kev ruaj ntseg. "Cov xwm txheej kev hem thawj tam sim no tsis muaj tseeb raws li lawv tau ua dhau los. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib npaug thiab asymmetric ua tub rog yog qhov muag tsis pom ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag, tam sim no peb xav tau cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem npog ntau yam kev hem thawj."
RUAG siv zog ua kom tau raws li cov kev cov nyom hauv ntiaj teb tam sim no thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv tiv thaiv rau ntau yam tsheb, los ntawm lub teeb 4x4 cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb mus rau cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua loj xws li LEOPARD 2, thiab hauv qhov no, lub tuam txhab cov peev txheej hauv txoj haujlwm no tau nthuav dav tas li.
Tom qab ntawd tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Swiss tuam txhab txuas ntxiv: "Rau German BMP PUMA, peb muab kev tiv thaiv kuv nrog rau lwm yam kev tiv thaiv. RUAG tau coj los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txhua yam, tiv thaiv IEDs (kho cov khoom tawg) thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom rau Austrian thiab Belgian PANDUR Kuv cov tsheb tiv thaiv.."
Alcoa Defense Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Margaret Cosentino tau sau tseg lwm qhov sib txig sib luag thiab qhov sib tw me ntsis hauv kev tiv thaiv tsheb. Raws li nws, ua ntej dhau los, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb ntxiv uas tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv Iraq thiab Afghanistan, thiab tam sim no muaj kev rov qab los nrawm dua, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo li kev ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj sia nyob. "Piv txwv li, hauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, siv lub tsheb loj loj rau pab pawg sib ntaus. Alcoa tab tom ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshiab Txawb Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau li ntau tau txog cov khoom siv tshiab thiab xaiv cov cuab yeej siv rau kev nyab xeeb kom muaj qhov tseeb ncaj qha tua hluav taws."
Alcoa Defense cov khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv lub neej kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb tub rog, nrog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tsheb uas twb muaj lawm thiab tshiab. Qhov tseeb, Alcoa cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, suav nrog cov ua los ntawm extrusion, stamping, casting, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tau pom ntawm cov tsheb sib tw muaj log thiab cov tsheb sib ntaus hauv av, suav txij aluminium armor ntawm HMWWV jeeps (raws li kev tawm tsam rau IEDs) thiab HEMTT, thiab xaus nrog cov khoom txhuas rau lub platform tshiab, xws li JLTV lub tsheb tiv thaiv.
"Ua ntej, Alcoa Defense siv ntau yam khoom siv hauv nws cov haujlwm, vim tias peb txoj kev lag luam tau faib sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas, titanium thiab npib tsib xee, uas tso cai rau peb ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog thiab cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom kawg kom tau txais cov khoom raug, hlau thiab kho cua sov kom txaus siab rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, - piav qhia Cosentino. "Qhov thib ob, peb tsom mus rau kev sib koom ua ke ntsug, los ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov khoom lag luam, mus rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib dhos zaum kawg. Txhim kho Alcoa qhov ua tau zoo pab peb cov neeg siv khoom ua tau zoo dua thiab muaj kev sib tw ntau dua."
Lwm tus muab kev tiv thaiv kab ke tiv thaiv tsheb rau tub rog yog QinetiQ North America (QNA). LAST Armor Spall Liner tiv thaiv cov kab sib tsoo tau teeb tsa ntawm ntau lub tsheb Asmeskas ua MRAP lub tsheb, thiab nws lub zog-nqus BlastRide cov rooj tau teeb tsa hauv BMPs thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov neeg nqa khoom hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Jeff Riu, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Ciaj sia nyob ntawm lub tuam txhab tau hais tawm: "Ntxiv rau, peb Q-NET passive RPG tiv thaiv kev daws teeb meem tau teeb tsa ntau dua 13,000 lub tsheb thoob ntiaj teb, piv txwv li, lawv muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuab xws li MAXXPRO, PL-ATU, HEMMT thiab STRYKER, ntxiv rau lub platform los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Q-NET kev tiv thaiv kab ke muaj peev xwm los teeb tsa ntawm qee qhov sib txawv ntawm JLTV cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog thiab Tub Rog Tub Rog."
QNA tseem tab tom txhim kho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej rau lub dav hlau thiab nyoob hoom qav taub, nrog Riu tseem qhia qee qhov ntawm nws lub tuam txhab cov kua zaub zais cia, uas yog kom ua tiav cov kev xav tau ntawm nws cov neeg siv khoom raws li tus nqi, qhov hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom kawg txhawm rau txhawm rau muab lawv nrog kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. "Peb tau ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam khoom siv zoo tshaj, suav nrog cov hlau ua hlau phom, ntau qib ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov khoom siv fiber ntau zoo tshaj plaws. Peb kuj tseem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua los txhim kho cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab xws li peb lub rooj zaum nqus lub zog thiab peb lub tshuab BlastPro blast attenuation."
Kev sib koom tes thiab kev koom tes
Ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus kub hauv kev sib tham ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg kev lag luam txhawj xeeb txog kev pom zoo nrog ntau tus neeg muag khoom thiab lwm tus koom tes (hauv qee kis ntau pua lub koom haum) ntxiv rau kev cog lus tshwj xeeb kev koom tes uas muaj nyob hauv lwm ntu ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam.
Siv tus piv txwv ntawm nws lub tuam txhab, Marko Manik tau tham txog DSM txoj kev xav hloov kho tshiab thiab ua kom zoo dua cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv nws cov koom tes koom tes thiab hais txog kev nqis peev sab hauv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho.
DSM nyiam cov koom tes hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab cuam tshuam txog kev ruaj ntseg, thiab qee cov koom tes no muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog DSM vim lawv muaj peev xwm los tsim kho tshiab. "Yog tias peb muaj tus khub uas muaj peev xwm hloov pauv sai dua lwm tus, tom qab ntawd nws muaj qhov zoo dua, vim tias ntxiv rau peb cov khoom lag luam, tseem muaj cov khoom kawg. Tias yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov koom tes uas muaj qee yam zoo ib yam nrog peb qhov kev hloov pauv sai, "Manik hais.
DSM Dyneema tus koom tes ua lag luam tsis ntev los no yog First Armor, ib lub koom haum ntawm KADDB Investment Group. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2016, Thawj Armor tau nthuav tawm lub rooj sib tw hnyav hnyav hnav ua ke nrog lub tsho khuam kev nyab xeeb. Tus Thawj Armor liner tshiab yog tsim los ntawm Dyneema HB212. Qhov UHMWPE-based laminate zoo heev rau lub teeb yuag, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tsim los siv DYNEEMA Force Multiplier thev naus laus zis.
Thawj Armor yuav sai sai no muab ntau hom kev tiv thaiv lub cev raws li ntau yam khoom siv tau zoo tsim los ntawm DYNEEMA.
Thaum pib xyoo tas los, lwm tus koom nrog DSM, Point Blank Enterprises, qhia nws cov ALPHA ELITE Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob dub, nthuav dav ALPHA ELITE cov khoom lag luam. "Qhov tshiab tshaj ALPHA ELITE Dub, tus qauv tiv thaiv caj npab me me, yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom lag luam dhau los vim nws txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 17% nrog tib qib kev tiv thaiv," lub tuam txhab tau hais hauv kev tshaj tawm. ALPHA ELITE Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev dub siv lub zog tshiab DYNEEMA Force Multiplier thev naus laus zis los ntawm DSM.
RUAG kuj tsis hla dhau ib lub koom haum hauv cheeb tsam no, sib zog ua haujlwm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Ib tus kws tshaj lij RUAG piav qhia tias lub tuam txhab tshuaj xyuas lub khw tsis tu ncua rau kev tsim qauv tshiab thiab khoom siv; thiab peb txaus siab rau peb tus kheej ntawm qhov zoo ntawm peb cov kev xeem thiab kev sim peb ua kom raug txiav txim siab qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no tso cai rau RUAG txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau txhua lub tsheb thiab kev hem thawj ntawm qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi.
QNA tus Mr. Riu tau hais tawm, "Peb tau tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog qee tus thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv qib siab, cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Kev siv cov kev sib txuas no tso cai rau peb tsim thiab xa cov khoom lag luam uas ua tau zoo dua peb cov neeg sib tw."
DuPont yog lwm tus neeg muag khoom uas tau tsim "txoj haujlwm muaj zog" hauv kev muab cov khoom siv rau ntau yam kev siv. Piv txwv, Kevlar hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis pom ntau yam kev siv - ntau yam cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev, ntxig rau, kaus mom hlau, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv lub tsheb. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no nce qib ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thaum cov neeg siv khoom tau txais cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm qib sib txawv ntawm "softness" lossis "hardness" (cov ntsiab lus ib txwm muaj hauv ntu no). "Kev tiv thaiv muag muag hais txog lub tsho khuam thiab lwm yam khoom siv, uas feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntaub thiab lwm yam khoom siv hloov pauv tau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov haum, kev nplij siab thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov neeg hnav," piav qhia Joseph Hovanek, tus kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis ntawm DuPont Protection Solutions. "Kev tiv thaiv nyuaj yog hais txog cov txheej txheem sib zog ua ke, xws li ntxig rau, lub kaus mom hlau, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv tsheb, uas DuPont muab Tensylon polyethylene los xij ntxiv rau Kevlar."
Hovanek tau hais txog ib qho ntawm DuPont tus qauv kev lag luam, sau tseg tias lub tuam txhab muab cov ntaub, ntaub thiab lwm yam qauv los ntawm Kevlar mus rau lub tsho khuam, lub kaus mom hlau thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsheb uas siv cov khoom no hauv kev tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm lawv cov khoom. Tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam tau hais ntxiv: "Peb tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov kev daws teeb meem hauv cheeb tsam, nrog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom ua haujlwm nrog plaub ntawm peb lub chaw haujlwm loj hauv ntau lub tebchaws."
Ntxiv rau QNA thiab lwm lub tuam txhab tau hais ua ntej uas muab cov khoom lag luam rau ntau tus neeg siv kawg, muaj lwm lub tuam txhab uas ua haujlwm hauv ntau qhov chaw cuam tshuam. Combat Clothing Australia (CCA) Tiv thaiv yog kev tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov khoom lag luam ruaj ntseg nrog kev paub ntau hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom tiv thaiv pob rau tib neeg, hauv av hauv av thiab dav hlau. Lub tuam txhab tus thawj coj ua lag luam, Lee O'Shea, tau sau tseg tias "CCA Tiv thaiv tau ua haujlwm hauv khw, Australia, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, New Zealand thiab Papua New Guinea."
Tshwj xeeb, CCA Tiv thaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv lub cev tawv thiab tawv kom txog qib IV, ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tsheb muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub plhaub tiv thaiv lub tank. O'Shea txuas ntxiv: "CCA Tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tau raug xaiv los muab kev tiv thaiv ballistic rau Australian Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog UH-60 BLACKHAWK thiab CH-47 CHINOOK helicopters. CCA Tiv thaiv cov chaw tsim khoom tso cai rau kev tsim cov hlau loj ib leeg tiv thaiv, ua rau lawv zoo rau Australia Cov Av 400 Phase 2 txoj haujlwm. " Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm no, Australia yuav hloov kho thiab hloov kho nws lub nkoj loj ntawm kev saib xyuas cov tsheb loj.
Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm nws cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws, CCA Tiv thaiv kev tshuaj xyuas nruj ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem txhawm rau ua kom tau txais qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi, kev mus ncig, kev tiv thaiv thiab qhov hnyav. O'Shea xaus lus los ntawm kev hais tias, "Kev hloov pauv chaw sib ntaus nrawm nrawm tas li ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv pob. CCA Protect lub xeev-of-the-art cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov kws paub dhau los ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov teeb meem nyuaj no. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv tshwj xeeb tsim kom muaj qhov hnyav, ruaj thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv."
Swiss tuam txhab Garant txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ballistic niaj hnub no FirmLiner thiab FlexLiner rau ntau hom kev thov. Nrog rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab txhim kho cov haujlwm, Garant kuj tseem muaj kev paub dhau los tau txais los ntawm cov phiaj xwm mus sij hawm ntev hauv kev koom tes nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg siv kawg. Cov ntaub ntawv nrov thiab siv dav suav nrog para-aramid, polyethylene, polypropylene, thiab fiberglass.
Pob tshab spinel ceramics rau daim ntawv thov marine
Pob tshab spinel (MgAl2O4) tam sim no yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau siv ntau yam ntawm cov tub rog thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog cov khoom siv lead ua nrog lub lattice cubic, uas tau siv ntau ntxiv los tiv thaiv ntau lub nkoj, suav nrog cov ntsuas, tiv thaiv thiab "ntse" cov ntaub ntawv thiab riam phom.
Ntxiv rau nws lub zog siab, spinel ceramics muaj kev sib kis tau zoo los ntawm ultraviolet rays (0.2 μm) mus rau nruab nrab-infrared (5 μm). Rau cov kab hlau rhuav pov tseg ntawm US Navy's VIRGINIA-class nuclear submarines, siv cov iav ib leeg xwb, uas ua rau muaj kev muaj sia nyob ruaj khov thiab txo qis kev saib xyuas thiab cov nqi hauv lub neej. Yav dhau los, iav silicon thiab crystalline germanium tau teeb tsa ntawm L-3 KEO optocoupler mast kom xa pom lub teeb thiab duab hluav taws xob nyob hauv thaj tsam nruab nrab-infrared ntawm qhov pom kev, feem. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau ua kom tsis muaj zog txaus thiab ua rau puas tsuaj, txawm hais tias lawv cov tuab yog 3, 8 cm. Raws li kev tshawb fawb, spinel ceramics nrog tuab ntawm 3.8 cm, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom uas yog ua los ntawm kub nias, muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo heev.
Tus choj ntawm American ZUMWALT-class destroyer (DDG 1000) kuj tseem nruab nrog lub qhov rooj loj uas muaj zog loj uas xa pom lub teeb pom kev thiab lub ntsej muag tsis pom kev nrog nthwv dej ntawm 5 microns thiab uas yuav tsum tiv taus kev cuam tshuam nthwv dej txog li 0.56 kg / cm2. Raws li cov txheej txheem kub-nias nplai mus rau qhov loj, tus choj qhov rai tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ib daim loj ntawm spinel. Hloov pauv, nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntug kev nthuav dav koom nrog ob lossis ntau lub qhov rais me me rau hauv ib qho. Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm Pom Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Asmeskas Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tebchaws (NRL) tau qhia txog qhov ua tau ntawm ob qho ntawm txoj hauv kev no.
Lub Laboratory tau sau tseg tias ib txwm muaj txheej txheem kev kub-txias loj hlob los ntawm kev yaj (> 2000 ° C) los ntawm ib leeg-siv lead ua spinel nyuaj ua ib daim ntawv nrog qhov ntev ntawm ntau dua ob peb millimeters. Hauv txheej txheem daws qhov teeb meem no, NRL txiav txim siab tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev lag luam spinel ceramics yog vim kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ntxiv (lithium fluoride) nrog cov hmoov spinel, uas ua rau porosity thiab entrapment (seem hauv cov khoom kawg) ntawm qhov sintering additive. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm NRL tau tsim cov txheej txheem patented rau txheej zoo ib yam ib txheej ntawm cov hmoov sib tov nrog cov tshuaj sib tov, uas tso cai rau tshem tawm cov tshuaj ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kub nias ntawm qhov kub txog 1600 ° C. Raws li NRL, qhov no tso cai rau kev tsim cov khoom cog kom nruj, ua kom zoo ib yam pob tshab spinel ceramics nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag siab, thaum tus txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua kom loj dua thiab tso cai rau tsim cov qhov rai loj.
Tsim los rau ib puag ncig hnyav
Pob tshab spinel ceramics tau siv hauv lwm daim ntawv thov tiv thaiv ib yam. Ntawm lawv yog lub zog loj lasers raug tsim los rau kev qhia riam phom lub zog. Los ntawm qhov pom kev pom, ib qho ntawm qhov chaw muaj teeb meem tshaj plaws yog lub qhov muag tawm (lub qhov rais), txij li iav rau cov kab ke no tsis muaj cua sov zoo, kho qhov muag, thiab cov khoom siv tau zoo. Qhov laj thawj yog tias lub qhov rais iav muaj cua sov qis heev ua rau muaj cua sov poob siab. Lub iav lub zog qis kuj tseem ua rau nws nyuaj siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig txhoj puab heev, raws li NRL cov kws tshawb fawb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, spinel lub zog muaj zog tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav, thiab nws lub zog siab tso cai rau lub qhov rais thinner, uas txo qhov hnyav. NRL tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis uas tau siv los ua spinel cov khoom lag luam nrog cov ntaub ntawv sau qis qis poob ntawm 6 ppm (ntu ib lab) / cm ntawm nthwv dej ntawm 1.06 μm.
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo zoo spinel ceramics kuj tseem siv los ua kom sov-pob tshab radomes rau infrared cuaj luaj. Raws li qhib cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, xws li crystalline silicon, tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muab kev xa mus pom lub teeb. Lwm cov khoom siv, sapphire (a-Al2O3) muaj kev txwv tsis pub kis ntawm qhov nthwv dej ntawm 5 µm. Sapphire tsis tshua muaj neeg tiv taus kev puas tsuaj, vim nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo (9 ntawm Mohs scale); nws yog cov khoom nyuaj tshaj plaws tom qab pob zeb diamond thiab silicon carbide (a-SiC). Tab sis spinel zoo kawg kis pom lub teeb thiab muaj kev sib kis zoo dua piv rau sapphire ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 5 microns. Hauv kev siv zog los qhia txog kev siv tau ntawm spinel, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm NRL tau hloov pauv cov txheej txheem kub-nias thiab ua tiav cov khoom ncaj ncees los ntawm cov khoom siv no.
Kev muaj cov spinel ceramics nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag siab tseem yuav tso cai tsim cov khoom tawg tawg thiab tsom iav rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tiv thaiv IEDs, nrog rau lub qhov rooj zoo rau kev saib xyuas lub tshuab. Kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2013 tau qhia tias magnesium alumina spinel yog tus neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau txheej txheej tawv tawv tawv tawv. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau tshawb xyuas qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm peb hom spinel ceramics tau qhia tias hom kev tawg yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv pob zeb ntawm cov khoom siv.
