Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tias ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm yog kev tiv thaiv ntau tus kab mob thiab cov kab mob ua rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Tsis muaj teeb meem npaum li cas nws yuav zoo li, tab sis tsis ntev tib neeg tuaj yeem pib tuag los ntawm cov kab mob uas tau ua tiav kev kho mob niaj hnub no. Qhov tseeb yog tias ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj peev xwm tiv nrog kab mob ntxiv lawm, uas, nrog rau cov tshuaj, tau hloov pauv tas li, rov hais dua txog qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog nyob mus ib txhis ntawm "armor thiab projectile".
Ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob twb tau npog nrog hmoov av. Raws li WHO cov kws tshaj lij, nyob rau 6 xyoos tom ntej no, txog li 85% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab mob paub hnub no yuav poob tag nrho lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim vim kev sib kis ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob (tiv thaiv kab mob me me rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob). Nws yog vim li no uas cov kws kho mob thoob ntiaj teb tau tham ntau ntxiv thiab tham txog qhov muaj peev xwm tsim kev hloov kho tshuaj tshiab nrog rau tib lub hom phiaj.
Tshuaj tua kab mob yog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas ua tiav qhov kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm protozoa thiab prokaryotic (tsis-nucleated) cov hlwb nyob. Nyob rau ib lub sijhawm, lawv tau dhau los ua kev cawm seej tiag rau tib neeg. Piv txwv li, ua ntej Alexander Fleming nrhiav pom penicillin xyoo 1928, txhua qhov kev txiav, txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus, tsis hais txog cov kab mob loj xws li tuberculosis lossis mob ntsws. Txog tam sim no, tshuaj tua kab mob tau txiav txim siab zoo tshaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib qho ntxiv, kev ua tiav ntawm kev phais feem ntau nyob ntawm seb tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
Tib lub sijhawm, raws li Asmeskas Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob, tam sim no, yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv rau tib neeg thiab kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm lawv siv hauv tsiaj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig vim kev siv cov tshuaj no. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, nws yog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dhau uas dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj no, kws tshuaj biochemists hais.
Tau ntau dua 80 xyoo, tshuaj tua kab mob tseem yog thawj qhov kev kho mob rau kab mob. Tab sis qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob me me rau hom kev kis no yog mob hnyav heev, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau qis dua lub sijhawm. Vim li no, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom nrhiav lwm txoj kev kho. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas los ntawm Texas qhia tias siv cov kab mob bacteriophages, cov kab mob uas xaiv tau kis kab mob rau cov kab mob hauv lub cev, los hloov tshuaj tua kab mob. Bacteriophages ib txwm muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab muaj 89% zoo ib yam li tib neeg DNA.
Tib lub sijhawm, Swiss cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Bern muab kev nyiam rau nanotechnology. Cov kws tshawb fawb Swiss tau tswj hwm los tsim cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub hauv paus tshiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawm tsam cov kab mob paub. Cov tshuaj no yog nanoparticles, uas muaj lipid txheej thiab zoo ib yam li cov ntshav ntshav ntawm tus tswv tsev. Cov nanoparticles no tsim lub hom phiaj tsis tseeb thiab pab tshem tawm thiab cais cov kab mob.
Txoj kev txhim kho no pab hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab twb tau tsim nws tus kheej los ua cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Bernese cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm tiv nrog kab mob loj heev yam tsis siv tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tseem zam qhov teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob tiv taus.
Txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Swiss twb tau piav qhia hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Nature Biotechnology. Pab pawg los ntawm Bern tau tsim cov khoom siv nanoparticles hu ua liposomes, uas hauv lawv cov qauv zoo ib yam li daim nyias nyias ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb. Qhov kev taw qhia no tau hais los ntawm pab pawg tshawb fawb los ntawm Eduard Babiychuk thiab Annette Draeger. Lawv tau sim lawv txoj kev txhim kho nrog kev koom tes ntawm pab pawg ncaj ncees ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ywj pheej thoob ntiaj teb.
Niaj hnub no, hauv cov tshuaj kho mob, cov khoom siv liposomes hluavtaws tau sim siv los ua kev xa tshuaj mus rau cov neeg mob lub cev. Liposomes, uas tau tsim los ntawm Eduard Babiychuk thiab nws cov npoj yaig, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kab nuv ntses, nyiam cov kab mob lom rau lawv tus kheej, uas tom qab ntawd ua tiav cais tawm thiab tsis ua haujlwm nruab nrab, tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov tshuaj lom txaus ntshai rau lawv.
Hauv kev tshaj tawm xov xwm tshaj tawm, Babiychuk tau sau tseg: "Peb tau tswj hwm los tsim qhov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kab mob lom. Txhua yam tshuaj lom uas tau xaus rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev tau dhau los ua qhov tsis nyiam mus rau liposomes, thiab sai li sai tau cov tshuaj lom thiab liposome tau sib xyaw, lawv qhov kev nyab xeeb tshem tawm los ntawm tib neeg lub cev dhau los ua qhov tsis yooj yim sua. Tib lub sijhawm, peb cov txheej txheem tsis pab txhawb kev tsim cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, vim nws cuam tshuam tsuas yog cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov kab mob, thiab tsis yog lawv tus kheej."
Tau poob qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lawv cov co toxins, cov kab mob ua rau tsis muaj kev phom sij thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim tawm ntawm lub cev vim yog kev ua ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev kho mob uas tau hais qhia hauv nas tsuag tau qhia tias nws muaj kev cia siab: cov nas tsuag sim, uas tau mob sepsis, tau kho tom qab lawv tau txhaj nrog liposomes. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis xav tau kev kho ntxiv nrog tshuaj tua kab mob yav tom ntej.
