Teeb meem. 1919 xyoo. 100 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Yim Hli 1919, Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau kov yeej Kolchak cov tub rog hauv Urals. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev ua tiav txuas ntxiv ua kom rov muaj zog Soviet hauv Urals. Qhov no yog qhov ua tiav ntawm Kolchakites. Thaum kawg poob txoj kev pib, tso ntshav tawm thiab ua tsis ncaj, cov tub rog dawb tau tawm ntawm Urals thiab rov qab mus rau Siberia. Txij thaum ntawd los, Kolchakism tau raug puas tsuaj.
Thaum lub sijhawm Perm thiab Yekaterinburg ua haujlwm, Siberian pab tub rog tau swb thiab Middle Urals tau raug tso dim. Thaum lub sijhawm Zlatoust, Yekaterinburg thiab Ural kev ua haujlwm, Sab Qab Teb Urals tau raug tso tawm, Kolchak pem hauv ntej tau muab faib ua ob pawg: ib (1st, 2nd thiab 3rd armies) - Siberia thim rov qab, qhov thib ob (Ural thiab Southern armies) - rau Turkestan.
Qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm Sab Hnub Poob
Kev ua phem rau ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Liab nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis-Lub Rau Hli 1919 tau tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm Urals. Cov pab pawg poob siab tseem ceeb ntawm Kolchak cov tub rog raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv Ufa cov lus qhia (Ufa kev ua haujlwm. Yuav ua li cas qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kolchak cov tub rog tau swb), Kolchak cov chav tau tso ntshav tawm, raug kev txom nyem hnyav uas tsis tuaj yeem ua ntxiv. Kolchak pab tub rog poob nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tsis muaj qhov tshwj tseg los txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam. Lub nraub qaum tau sib nrug. Qhov loj-liab liab pab pawg txav mus nyob tom qab ntawm Kolchak dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev swb sai sai ntawm cov neeg dawb.
Cov seem ntawm Kolchak cov tub rog tau rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj mus rau Toj Siab Ural. Tom qab swb ntawm Volga thiab Urals, Cov Tub Rog Dawb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia tsis tu ncua ua rau nws tuag. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1919, Kolchakites tseem dim kev puas tsuaj tag nrho, tab sis lawv tsis raug cawm los ntawm lawv tus kheej lub zog, tab sis ua tsaug rau kev tawm tsam Yudenich cov tub rog ntawm Petrograd thiab Denikin AFYR nyob rau sab qab teb Russia. Sab qab teb pem hauv ntej ntawm Reds tau tawg, Cov Neeg Dawb tau coj Crimea, Donbass, Kharkov thiab Tsaritsyn. Vim li ntawd, Frunze tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav Kolchak cov tub rog, nws tsis muaj dab tsi los caum tus yeeb ncuab uas swb. Qhov thib ob tau hloov pauv ib nrab mus rau Petrograd, ib feem rau Tsaritsyn, 31 th faib rau Voronezh sector, 25 faib rau Uralsk, thiab faib pawg tub rog thib 3 (tsis muaj ib pab tub rog) mus rau thaj tsam Orenburg.
Cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau nres ntawm kab Orenburg - sab hnub tuaj ntawm Sterlitamak - sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ufa - Osa - Okhansk. Cov tub rog Liab tau nyeem txog 130,000 tus tub rog (muaj ntau dua 81 txhiab tus neeg ncaj qha rau ntawm kab hauv ntej), 500 phom, ntau dua 2, 4 txhiab rab phom tshuab, 7 lub tsheb hlau phom, 28 lub tsheb tiv thaiv thiab 52 lub dav hlau. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Volga cov tub rog flotilla - 27 kev sib ntaus thiab 10 lub nkoj pabcuam. Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob thaum Lub Xya Hli 1919 tau coj los ntawm M. Frunze.
Lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Sakharov, Siberian Army raws li cov lus txib ntawm Gaida, Ural Army ntawm Tolstov, thiab Yav Qab Teb Army ntawm Belov (Orenburg Army thiab Southern Group of Belov tau koom ua ke. rau hauv ib pab tub rog). Lawv suav 129 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers (muaj txog 70 txhiab tus neeg sib ntaus nyob rau ntawm kab hauv ntej), 320 phom, ntau dua 1, 2 txhiab rab phom tshuab, 7 lub tsheb hlau phom, 12 lub tsheb tiv thaiv thiab 15 lub dav hlau. Kolchak cov tub rog tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Kama cov tub rog flotilla - 34 lub nkoj tub rog.
Red Command tau npaj kom tsoo Western White Army nrog kev ntaus los ntawm 5th thiab ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Army ntawm Zlatoust thiab Chelyabinsk, thiab tawm tsam thib ob thiab thib 3 cov tub rog ntawm Perm thiab Yekaterinburg - Siberian Army. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm Orenburg thiab Uralsk, nws tau npaj nrog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb ntawm Cov Tub Rog (1st thiab 4th cov tub rog liab) txhawm rau txo tus yeeb ncuab qhov kev ua. Frunze txiav txim siab xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb hauv Ufa-Zlatoust cov lus qhia, siv qhov tseeb tias Cov Tub Rog Dawb tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws nyob ntawm no thaum lub Tsib Hlis-Rau Hli kev sib ntaus. Cov lus txib Dawb tau npaj tseg rau Red Army los ntawm kev tiv thaiv nws cov tub rog ntawm ciam teb ntawm Ufa thiab Kama cov dej thiab tom qab ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tshuab los ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Ural cov tub rog, tsim kev sib cuag nrog Denikin cov tub rog.
Kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob los txhawb Kolchak cov tub rog
Kev ua tiav ntawm Red Army nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob tau ua rau cov phiaj xwm ntawm Entente lub hwj chim los tuav thiab rhuav tshem Russia (qhov hu ua "rov tsim kho Russia"). Yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, Tebchaws Meskas, Tebchaws Askiv, Fab Kis thiab Nyij Pooj tau sim nce kev pab rau Kolchak tsoomfwv. Thaum ntxov li Lub Tsib Hlis 26, 1919, Lub Rooj Sab Laj Loj ntawm Cov Phoojywg, thaum tham txog "lus nug Lavxias" hauv Paris, tau xa ntawv mus rau Kolchak txog qhov xwm txheej rau nws lees paub. Kolchak tau cog lus tias yuav pab ua tub rog raws li cov lus ntawm kev sib sau ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Zos tom qab ntes Moscow; paub txog kev ywj pheej ntawm Poland thiab Finland; tswj kev sib raug zoo nrog Baltic Transcaucasian cov koom pheej, lossis hloov qhov teeb meem no mus rau Pab Koomtes ntawm Cov Neeg; lees paub Entente txoj cai los txiav txim txoj hmoo ntawm Bessarabia thiab lees paub tsar cov nuj nqis rau txawv tebchaws.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 4, tsoomfwv Kolchak tau teb. Nws lees paub cov nuj nqis ntawm tsarist Russia, muab cov lus cog tseg tsis meej txog Poland thiab Finland, kev ywj pheej ntawm qee thaj tsam, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no haum rau cov tswv ntawm sab hnub poob. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 12, Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Poob tau cog lus tias yuav pab ntxiv rau Kolchak. Qhov tseeb, tsoomfwv Kolchak tau lees paub tias yog txhua tus neeg Lavxias. Cov neeg Asmeskas tau cog lus tias yuav npaj phiaj xwm los pab rau Kolchak cov tub rog Lavxias. Rau lub hom phiaj no, Morris, tus sawv cev Asmeskas rau Tokyo tau xa mus rau Omsk. Thaum ib nrab Lub Yim Hli 1919, Morris ceeb toom rau Tebchaws Meskas tias tsoomfwv Kolchak yuav tsis muaj sia nyob yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa sab nraud. Thaum Lub Yim Hli, Tebchaws Meskas tau txiav txim siab muab Kolchak cov tub rog nrog ntau riam phom thiab mos txwv (nws tau them nrog Lavxias kub). Kaum tawm txhiab tus phom, ntau pua rab phom tshuab, ntau txhiab rab phom, ntau yam cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab ntau cov mos txwv tau xa mus rau Vladivostok. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Askiv thiab Fab Kis siv Txoj Kev Hiav Txwv Sab Qaum Teb kom nrawm rau kev muab riam phom. Tsis tas li ntawd, Askiv cais cov phom, phom ntev, mos txwv thiab mos txwv rau Ural White Cossacks. Ib qho ntxiv, Nyij Pooj tau muab riam phom rau Cov Neeg Dawb.
Entente rov sim siv Czechoslovak cov tub rog kom muaj cov Reds, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv echelons hla Siberia thiab mus txog Vladivostok. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Czechoslovak twb tau tawg tag lawm, lawv tau txias rau tsoomfwv Kolchak (lawv tau ntau dua rau cov neeg nyiam kev ywj pheej), thiab tsuas yog tibneeg hu tauj coob tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom thiab cov khoom muaj nqis plundered thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Txhawm rau cob qhia thiab ntxiv dag zog rau Kolchak pab tub rog, pab pawg tshiab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tau xa mus rau Siberia. Thaum ib nrab Lub Rau Hli, British General Blair tuaj txog hauv Omsk nrog ib pab tub ceev xwm los tsim ib pab tub rog Askiv-Lavxias. Hauv nws, cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias tau kawm los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm txawv teb chaws.
Muaj tseeb, txhua qhov kev ntsuas no tau raug ncua. Czechoslovak Corps tsis kam tawm tsam. Feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom, cov mos txwv thiab cov mos txwv, txaus los muab cov tub rog loj tshiab, xa mus rau Siberia thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, tseem nyob ntawm txoj kev. Txhawm rau siv qhov kev pab no, Kolchakites yuav tsum tuav txog li 2 lub hlis ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog xav tau so txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau rov ua haujlwm, muab cov chav nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, rov kho thiab ua kom tiav lawv cov qib. Tom qab ntawd, Kolchak cov tub rog tuaj yeem muaj zog dua thiab rov dhau los ua kev hem thawj loj rau tebchaws Soviet. Txawm li cas los xij, Red Army tsis tau ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tsaug zog, tsis tso cai rau Kolchakites tuav ntawm Ural frontier.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab pib ua haujlwm hauv Urals
Nws tau pom tseeb tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev nce qib hauv Urals, rov sib sau ua ke thiab rov tsim kho nws lub zog, tau txais kev pab los ntawm lub zog txawv teb chaws thiab rov mus ua phem. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 29, 1919, Lenin tau sau tseg hauv xov tooj mus rau Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Sab Hnub Poob tias yog tias Urals tsis raug coj ua ntej lub caij ntuj no, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Thaum Lub Rau Hli, Lenin tau hais qhia ntau zaus rau Soviet cov lus txib xav tau kom nce nrawm ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv Urals. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 28, nws tau hais rau Pawg Tub Rog thib 5: "Cov Urals yuav tsum yog peb li."
Txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm Ufa ua haujlwm, cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau npaj phiaj xwm rau kev tawm tsam hauv Urals. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau npaj yuav xa tawm hauv cheeb tsam Kama, tawm tsam Siberian pab tub rog. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog liab, Vatsetis, txhawb los ntawm Trotsky, tsis pom zoo nrog txoj phiaj xwm no. Nws ntseeg tias thaum ntsib kev hem thawj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tso tseg qhov kev tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj, mus rau qhov ntawd kom tiv thaiv ntawm tus dej. Kama thiab Belaya. Txhawm rau hloov lub zog tseem ceeb los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus rau Yav Qab Teb, los tawm tsam Denikin. Cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau tawm tsam lub tswv yim ntawm Vatsetis. RVS ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau sau tseg tias lub hauv ntej muaj zog txaus los tso lub Urals, txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv ib feem ntawm cov tub rog mus rau Petrograd thiab mus rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj, Kamenev, tau sau tseg kom raug tias nres kev ua phem ntawm Red Army yuav tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab rov qab los, tau txais kev pab, txeeb txoj haujlwm, thiab tom qab ib ntus kev hem thawj loj yuav tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 12, Tus Thawj Coj-Tus Thawj Coj Vatsetis tau lees paub qhov kev txiav txim ncua kev ua phem rau Urals. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Rau Hli 15, Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Pej Xeem tau txhawb nqa lub tswv yim ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Sab Hnub Poob thiab tshaj tawm cov lus qhia kom txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj. Sab Hnub Poob pib npaj rau kev tawm tsam. Muaj tseeb, Trotsky thiab Vatsetis txuas ntxiv hais txog lawv txoj kev npaj. Commander-in-Chief Vatsetis, hauv kev coj ua thaum kawg Lub Rau Hli thiab Lub Xya Hli thaum ntxov, thaum cov tub rog Soviet twb tau tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua kom hla hla Ural Ridge, hais kom cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Pem Hauv Ntej los ua kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev nrog Kolchak pab tub rog, nthuav tawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Urals. Trotsky thiab Vatsetis piav qhia lawv cov kev ua los ntawm qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai nyob rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob thiab xav tau kev hloov pauv ntau li ntau tau los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Pom tseeb, qhov no yog lwm qhov kev ntxeev siab ntawm Trotsky, uas yog tus tswv ntawm cov tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab xav tias yuav hloov Lenin tom qab nws tshem tawm. Trotsky twb tau cog lus ntau qhov kev tawm tsam loj, xws li txoj haujlwm ntawm "tsis muaj kev thaj yeeb, tsis muaj tsov rog" hauv kev sib tham nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes, lossis kev tawm tsam uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Czechoslovak corps. Trotsky cov kev coj ua nyuaj rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Soviet Russia, thiab tib lub sijhawm ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm nom tswv thiab tub rog hauv lub yeej rog ntawm Bolsheviks.
Lub rooj sib tham ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Nroog ntawm pawg neeg, tau tuav rau Lub Xya Hli 3-4, 1919, tau tham txog kev cai lij choj ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm cov koom pheej thiab rov tsis lees paub txoj haujlwm Trotsky thiab Vatsetis. Tom qab ntawd, Trotsky nres kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, thiab Kamenev hloov Vatsetis ua tus thawj coj. Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tsoo cov Kolchakites sai li sai tau. Sab qab teb flank (4th thiab 1st armies) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Frunze tau xav kom swb cov pab pawg sab qab teb ntawm Kolchak pab tub rog, Ural Dawb Cossacks, thiab nyob hauv thaj tsam Ural thiab Orenburg. Cov tub rog thib 5 tau ntaus Zlatoust - Chelyabinsk, pab tub rog thib 2 - ntawm Kungur thiab Krasnoufimsk, pab tub rog thib 3 - ntawm Perm. Lub hom phiaj kawg yog kev tshem tawm Chelyabinsk thiab Yekaterinburg cheeb tsam, Urals. Yog li, cov tub rog thib 5, 2 thiab 3 tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam hauv Urals.
Cov tub rog loj tau kos rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, suav nrog kev them nqi ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Txawm li cas los xij, Sab Hnub Poob tseem khaws nws cov peev txheej sib ntaus. Hauv kab hauv ntej, tau muaj kev tawm tsam dav dav, 75% ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tog neeg thiab cov koom haum ua lag luam tau mobilized. Cov koog uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau npog nrog kev txhawb nqa loj, uas tau ua los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau ntawm kev tawm tsam loj uas tau ua nyob hauv thaj tsam uas tau tso tawm los ntawm cov dawb. Yog li, tsuas yog hauv tsib lub nroog hauv xeev Ufa txij thaum Lub Xya Hli 9 txog rau Lub Yim Hli 9, 1919, ntau dua 59 txhiab tus tib neeg tau nkag mus rau Pab Tub Rog Laus los yog raug sau tseg. Riam phom kuj tau xa mus rau Sab Hnub Poob.
Npaj kev tawm tsam
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntes cov neeg siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws rau ntu pab tub rog ntawm Ural Ridge nrog lub nroog Zlatoust, uas yog yam tseem ceeb rau thaj tsam ntawm Siberia. Ib qho ntxiv, tus tswv Zlatoust, Kolchakites muaj cov kab ke sib txuas ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau ntawm no, uas tau muab sijhawm rau lawv los tswj hwm. Ob txoj kev loj hla ntawm no: Omsk - Kurgan - Zlatoust thiab Omsk - Tyumen - Yekaterinburg. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob txoj kab hlau sib tsoo (lawv tau khiav mus rau kab ua ntej): Berdyaush - Utkinsky cog - Chusovaya thiab Troitsk - Chelyabinsk - Yekaterinburg - Kushva.
Cov lus txib liab raug xaiv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb. Cov Tub Rog Liab thib 5 nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Tukhachevsky (Cov Tub Rog Turkestan tau ntxiv rau nws), suav nrog 29 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers, tau tawm tsam rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Krasnoufimsk-Zlatoust. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Reds yog Sakharov's Western pab tub rog, uas tau swb ntau zaus thiab cov ntshav ntws - txog 18 txhiab tus neeg siv phom thiab rab phom. Shorin's 2nd Red Army - 21 - 22 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers, nias tawm tsam 14 txhiab. pab pawg neeg dawb. Hauv Permian kev taw qhia, pab tub rog thib 3 ntawm Mezheninov tau nce qib - kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus neeg, ntawm no cov neeg dawb muaj 23-24 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov tub rog Liab tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv phom loj thiab tshuab rab phom.
Cov lus txib Dawb nkag siab txog cov phiaj xwm thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm Zlatoust thiab npaj rau nws txoj kev tiv thaiv. Zlatoust toj siab tau npog los ntawm sab hnub poob los ntawm cov ntoo nkag tsis tau hav Kara-Tau, txiav los ntawm cov qhov nqaim nqaim, nrog rau Ufa-Zlatoust txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hla, Birsk-Zlatoust txoj kab. Tsis tas li, rau kev txav ntawm pab tub rog, txawm tias muaj teeb meem, nws muaj peev xwm siv lub hav ntawm Yuryuzan thiab Ai cov dej, uas tau tawm ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau. Dawb npog txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev taug. Ntawm Birsk txoj kab ke, cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua -npaj txhij Ural corps (1, 5 cov tub rog thiab 3 pab tub rog sib cais) tau nyob, ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau - Kappel corps (2 kev faib tub rog thiab ib pab tub rog tub rog). Tsis tas li, hauv ntau kab lus tom qab lawv, nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Zlatoust, muaj 2, 5 ntau pawg tub rog sib cais (Voitsekhovsky lub cev) ntawm hnub so.
Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Tukhachevsky cov tub rog. Lub 24th Infantry Division (6 regiments) tau nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Zlatoust txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Raws txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb Shock nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Gavrilov - pawg tub rog thib 3 ntawm pawg tub rog thib 26 thiab pawg tub rog - tau npaj rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Tshooj ntawm sab xub ntiag, uas tau nyob sab nraud ntawm Kara-Tau Ridge, tau qhib. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau sab laug ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 5, hauv thaj tsam ntawm 30 km, Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob muaj zog nrog ntau lub phom loj tau xa mus - Pawg Tub Rog Loj 27th thiab ob pab tub rog ntawm 26th Infantry Division (tag nrho 15 phom sib sau ua ke). Cov pab pawg poob siab sab qaum teb yuav tsum ua qhov kev tawm tsam hauv ob kab lus: kev faib phom 26 yog mus raws hav hav. Yuryuzan, thiab 27th Rifle Division - raws txoj kab Birsk. Mus rau sab qaum teb, nyob rau sab qab teb sab laug, tau nyob ob pab tub rog ntawm 35th Infantry Division, uas xav tias yuav tsum tiv tauj nrog cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Army. Ib feem ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 tau tawm tsam Yekaterinburg, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau tig ib feem ntawm cov tub rog mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau Chelyabinsk, uas tau pab ua kom yeej ntawm Sakharov Western pab tub rog.
Kev swb ntawm cov neeg dawb ntawm Zlatoust
Nws tau tshwm sim tias Cov Neeg Dawb lawv tus kheej pab txhawb kev ua phem ntawm Red Army. Tus thawj coj ntawm Western Army, General Sakharov, txiav txim siab siv lub sijhawm ncua hauv kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab (Reds tau rov ua lawv cov rog thiab hloov chaw mus rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob) txhawm rau tawm tsam hauv Ufa. Txawm hais tias cov tub rog dawb uas raug ntaus hnyav tsis tau mus txog qhov ua phem thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muab ua ntej txhawm rau txhawb nqa Ural hla. Tom qab tag nrho, Frunze tseem siv qhov ua tsis taus pa los txhawb cov tub rog uas nyob nrog nws. Kappel cov tub rog tau sim ua qhov kev tawm tsam hauv Ufa cov lus qhia, koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog pab tub rog thib 5 txoj cai flank.
Frunze tam sim siv qhov no, siv qhov tseeb tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Sakharov cov tub rog tau sau los ntawm Zlatoust - Ufa. Cov pab pawg tawm tsam sab qaum teb pib ua phem dhau hla cov yeeb ncuab pawg nyob ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau loj. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 23-24, 1919, cov tub rog ntawm 26th Infantry Division raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Eikhe ua tiav hla tus dej. Ufa, ze lub zos Aidos. Hmo ntawm Lub Rau Hli 24-25, Pavlov txoj kev faib 27th kuj ua tiav hla cov dej thaiv ze lub zos Uraz-Bakhty. Pawg 26th yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ua ntej ntawm ib puag ncig ua ntej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 5 thiab Pawg Sib Koom 27th nyob sib ze. Yav tom ntej, qhov kev lag luam no tau nce ntxiv, txij li 27th Infantry Division tau ntsib kev tawm tsam los ntawm Kolchakites ntawm Birsk txoj kab thiab poob rau lwm hnub. Pawg 26th yuav tsum tau kov yeej cov xwm txheej nyuaj heev. Cov tub rog yuav tsum tau taug kev hauv ib kem raws txoj kab nqaim ntawm tus dej Yuryuzan, feem ntau lawv yuav tsum tau txav mus raws tus dej. Lub peb hlis ntuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau qhov xwm txheej nyuaj heev: hla, gorges, hav dej. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau rub lossis nqa los ntawm txhais tes. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, cov tub rog ntawm pab pawg 26 tau mus txog Zlatoust toj siab, thaum lub sijhawm faib phom 27 yog ob txoj kev hla nws.
Qhov kev faib 26th tau mus rau tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv daim ntawv tsis muaj zog: ob lub hauv paus tau tsiv mus rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm ncig Kappel pawg, uas tau pib tawm sai sai rau Zlatoust. Plaub qhov kev sib tw ntawm 26th Division tau ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Pab Pawg Dawb Thib 12, uas tau so lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb tau tuaj yeem nkag siab sai sai, rub cov koog mus rau lub zos Nisibash thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 3 lawv lawv tus kheej yuav luag puag ncig cov pawg liab. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj tau tshwm sim. Cov lus txib dawb yuav rhuav tshem pawg 26th ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pawg 27, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog los tua cov tub rog uas taug kev raws txoj kab Birsk. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 5, cov tub rog ntawm pawg 27 tau nkag mus rau Zlatoust toj siab, uas, thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm lub zos Verkhniye Kigi, yeej cov yeeb ncuab thib plaub pab tub rog. Lub sijhawm no, ntu 26 tau tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyuaj hauv cheeb tsam nrog. Nisibash nws tus kheej tau kov yeej pawg thib 12 ntawm cov neeg dawb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, pab tub rog Dawb tau rov qab los ze rau Zlatoust. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, ob tog thaum Lub Xya Hli 7, lub hauv ntej tau tsim los ntawm tus dej. Arsha - ib. Yog - Art. Mursalimkino, tom qab uas tau tsim lub suab luag rau lub sijhawm luv.
Yog li ntawd, Frunze cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov kev tawm tsam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Sakharov cov tub rog. Cov tub ceev xwm me thiab cov teeb meem ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb nyob hauv roob, hav ntawm Yuryuzan thiab Ai cov dej, nyob ze cov zos Kigi, Nisibash thiab Duvan tuaj yeem tuav Reds rov qab, thiab tau txais sijhawm. Qhov xwm txheej nyuaj kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm. Kappel lub cev muaj peev xwm tawm mus tom ntej "boiler". Cov tub rog liab thib 2 tsis muaj sijhawm ib yam nkaus, ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ntaus rau Yekaterinburg.
Txawm li cas los xij, Kolchak cov tub rog tau ntsib lwm qhov kev swb. Cov lus txib ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Thib 5 tau rub tawm cov chav ntawm 35th Infantry Division los ntawm sab qaum teb. Tam sim no tsis tas yuav muab sab laug, txij li cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Army (5th Division) coj Krasnoufimsk rau 4 Lub Xya Hli. Ib feem ntawm 24 qhov kev faib tau txav los ntawm sab qab teb, uas thaum Lub Xya Hli 4 - 5 coj Katav -Ivanovsk, Beloretsk thiab Tirlyanskiy cog. Kev tawm tsam tawm tsam thaum Lub Xya Hli 10-13, kev sib faib ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 5 tau kov yeej Kolchakites ntawm Zlatoust. Cov Kolchakites tau tawm tsam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tawv ncauj rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Berdyaush - Utkinsky. Ntawm Kusa chaw nres tsheb thiab Kusinsky cog (sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Zlatoust), Cov Neeg Dawb mloog zoo rau cov tub rog tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov tub rog Izhevsk uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, uas ntau dua ib zaug tau hla mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj zog, thaum Lub Xya Hli 11 lawv coj Kusa, hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 11-12 - tsob ntoo Kusinsky. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 13, chav nyob ntawm 26 thiab 27 kev sib cais tau tawg mus rau Zlatoust los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, tau coj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no thiab lub chaw lag luam loj (tshwj xeeb, riam phom txias tau tsim ntawm Zlatoust factories).
Cov tub rog Western yeej ntawm Sakharov tau rov qab mus rau Chelyabinsk. Cov Neeg Dawb tau raug pov los ntawm Urals, Reds tau qhib lawv txoj kev mus rau thaj av ntawm Western Siberia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub ntsej muag ntawm Orenburg pab tub rog ntawm cov neeg dawb tau qhib. Yuav luag ib txhij, thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Army tau coj Yekaterinburg, lwm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv Urals. Lub hauv ntej Kolchak hauv Urals tau poob sib nrug.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua tiav ntawm Red Army ntawm Sab Hnub Poob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim tias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Reds raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Muaj kev hem thawj rau kev sib tshuam ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv Volga kev taw qhia, thiab los ntawm cheeb tsam Ural. Yog li ntawd, lub siab hais kom ua liab thaum Lub Xya Hli 4 tau muab cov lus qhia rau kev hais kom ua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob kom ntseeg tau tias lawv lub nraub qaum ntawm sab xis ntawm Volga thiab Saratov kev coj. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau txiav txim siab tsom mus rau 2 rab phom sib faib thiab 2 pab tub rog nyob hauv Saratov kev taw qhia thaum nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli. Kev sib tsoo ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb twb tau txais qhov sib xws uas Kolchak cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev hem thawj loj rau Frunze cov tub rog, yog li cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tuaj yeem them taus xws li kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov rog thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej units rau lwm qhov chaw.
