75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, Red Army tau ua haujlwm Petsamo-Kirkenes. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Soviet Arctic thiab Sab Qaum Teb Norway tau raug tso dim los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab German. Hauv tebchaws Norway niaj hnub no, lub tswv yim ntawm "kev ua haujlwm Soviet" thiab "Kev hem thawj ntawm Lavxias" tau tsim.
Lavxias kev hem thawj
Lawv sim ua ke "kev tsis txaus siab" yav dhau los nrog cov tshiab. Allegedly, Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog ua txhaum ciam teb ntawm Norway thiab "Cov neeg Lavxias hem hem Norwegian kev tswj hwm." Tus huab tais Norwegian tau yaum kom tsis txhob koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej nco txog 75 xyoos ntawm kev ywj pheej yog tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Russia raug caw tuaj koom Kirkenes.
Hauv tsab ntawv qhib, Waling Gorter caw Norwegian tus huab tais tsis txhob koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej nco txog 75 xyoos ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Norway thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2019 yog tias nws tau ua pov thawj tias Lavxias tshwj xeeb cov tub rog tau ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm Norway, suav nrog ntawm Svalbard. Tus sau kuj qhia txog kev ua xyem xyav txog "kev dim" ntawm Norway. Hauv nws lub tswv yim, Stalin tau ua haujlwm nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Europe tsuas yog lub hom phiaj ntawm "nthuav txoj kab kev tiv thaiv." Ib qho ntxiv, Cov neeg Lavxias tau hais tias tsis maj nrawm nrog pib ntawm Petsamo-Kirkenes kev ua haujlwm, lawv tau tos kom txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 7, 1944, txuag tib neeg thiab khoom siv. Thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 3, kev xaj kom thim rov qab los ntawm Berlin, yog li "tsis muaj coob leej tub rog Soviet tuag rau hauv av Norwegian." "Tsis muaj coob leej neeg": ntau dua 6 txhiab tus neeg - tsis tuaj yeem kho tau thiab ntau dua 15 txhiab tus tib neeg - huv. Nws hloov tawm tias cov neeg Lavxias tau nce qib tom qab cov neeg German tau thim thiab "tawm tsam" feem ntau nrog txoj kev tawg. Kirkenes feem ntau pom tsis muaj kev sib ntaus thiab raug hlawv los ntawm cov tub rog German thim rov qab.
Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nrog kev ua tub rog Lavxias tam sim no, lub hom phiaj uas xav tias yuav tswj hwm Svalbard thiab Barents Hiav Txwv. Hauv tus kws sau ntawv lub tswv yim, tam sim no "tib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim" hauv Russia zoo li ua ntej USSR, sib raug rau qhov xwm txheej tam sim no. Tawm tsam Norway thiab nws cov phoojywg. Thiab yog tias tam sim no Lavxias cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau ua txhaum txoj cai tswjfwm ntawm Norway, yog li "peb tab tom nkag mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev sib raug zoo, txawm hais tias kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau muaj nyob ntev lawm." Thiab Norway yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv kab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Russia, uas "nws tab tom tsim tawm tsam peb thiab peb cov phoojywg hauv peb lub xeev ciam teb." Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kev zoo siab rau 75 xyoos ntawm "kev nthuav dav ntawm USSR txoj kab tiv thaiv kab mob", uas suav nrog Sab Hnub Tuaj Finnmark (sab qaum teb kev tswj hwm thaj tsam ntawm Norway).
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov no tsis yog thawj qhov kev liam rau USSR los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog Norwegian. Hauv Norway, uas nws cov pej xeem txhawb nqa Peb Reich thiab tawm tsam rau nws, Soviet Union tau raug liam tias "tua neeg ntawm Sami cov neeg." Thaum lub sijhawm Petsamo-Kirkenes ua haujlwm, thim rov qab cov tub rog German thiab Norwegian cov neeg koom tes tau siv cov txuj ci ntiaj teb hlawv. Cov Nazis tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov txheej txheem hauv cheeb tsam thiab xa tawm 50 txhiab Sami zej zog. Kwv yees li 300 leej neeg tuag. Hauv Norway, lawv hu qhov xwm txheej no "hu ua" kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws. " Qhov teeb meem mus txog qhov tsis ncaj ncees uas USSR tau raug liam ntawm qhov tseeb tias Red Army tau nce qib "ua rau" Nazis rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm cov pej xeem.
Norwegians hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm Peb Reich
Hauv kev sau "kev tsis txaus siab" ua rau Norway los ntawm Soviet Union, thiab koom nrog tsim cov dab neeg ntawm "Lavxias kev hem thawj" rau zej zog ntiaj teb tam sim no, Oslo sim tsis nco qab tias lub nceeg vaj yog qhov tseeb ntawm Hitler thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb hauv Norwegian tau tawm tsam nrog USSR twb yog thaum tsov rog Soviet-Finnish xyoo 1939-1940. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1940, ua ntej Askiv thiab Fabkis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees nyob hauv Norway. Obergruppenführer Terboven tau tso siab rau txoj cai ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv Norway thiab tswj hwm Norwegian kev tswj hwm raws li Reich Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Norway. Norwegian Nazi Vidkun Quisling (txij li xyoo 1942 - Minister -Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Norway) tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj nom tswv, tus thawj coj ntawm Norwegian pej xeem kev tswj hwm.
Thaum kov yeej Norway, Berlin txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, Cov Neeg Germans tsis tso cai rau Askiv thiab Fab Kis los nyob hauv Norway, los tuav lub tswv yim foothold nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe, hais tawm tsam Thib Peb Reich. Tam sim no Norway yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm German Lub Tebchaws, lub hauv paus rau saum npoo av thiab cov nkoj hauv nkoj, kev ya dav hlau, uas tau ua phem rau Askiv Isles thiab USSR. Cov chaw nres nkoj sab qaum teb tsis khov tau muab txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev ua haujlwm hauv North Atlantic thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Arctic. Qhov thib ob, Cov Neeg German khaws kev nkag mus rau cov khoom siv raw khoom. Tshwj xeeb, rau Swedish hlau hlau, uas tau xa tawm los ntawm Norwegian chaw nres nkoj ntawm Narvik. Qhov thib peb, Hitlerite cov neeg tseem ceeb saib Norwegians, zoo li lwm haiv neeg ntawm pawg lus Germanic, uas yog ib feem ntawm yav tom ntej ntawm "kev txiav txim hauv ntiaj teb tshiab", "Nordic haiv neeg" ntawm cov tswv.
Cov tub rog German "Norway" (peb pawg tub rog) tau nyob hauv tebchaws Norway thiab siv lub tebchaws los ua qhov chaw rau kev tawm tsam rau Soviet Union. Tsis tas li, ib feem ntawm German fleet tau ua raws hauv Norwegian cov chaw nres nkoj, thiab dav hlau ntawm 5th Air Fleet tau ua raws ntawm tshav dav hlau. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 29, 1941, Cov tub rog German "Norway" tau pib ua phem rau ntawm thaj chaw Soviet, xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb rau Murmansk thiab pab cuam tsoo rau Kandalaksha thiab Ukhta. Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1941, cov tub rog German nyob rau tebchaws Norwegian tau mus txog 400,000. Norway tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Peb Reich nyob rau sab qaum teb Atlantic. Stalin tseem tau hais tias Churchill qhib lub thib ob pem hauv ntej hauv Norway. Txawm li cas los xij, tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Askiv tsis kam, vim tsis tau npaj ua ntej thiab tsis muaj zog txaus ntawm cov phoojywg rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no.
Twb tau nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1940, Norwegian Nazis tau thov kom tsim cov koom haum Norwegian ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog German. Qhov kev pib no tau txhawb los ntawm tsoomfwv Norwegian pro-German ntawm Quisling. Raws li Quisling, kev koom tes ntawm Norwegians hauv kev ua tsov rog nyob rau sab ntawm Peb Reich tau muab txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau lawv rau yav tom ntej "kev txiav txim hauv ntiaj teb tshiab". Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1940, Quisling hauv Berlin tau pom zoo pib tsim pawg Norwegian pab dawb ua ib feem ntawm SS pab tub rog. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1941, Norwegian thawj coj tau xa tsab ntawv thov mus rau Berlin kom tso cai Norwegian cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb ua haujlwm hauv SS. Cov neeg German tau teb zoo. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 13, 1941, Vidkun Quisling tau hais lus rau cov neeg hauv xov tooj cua nrog kev thov kom sau npe ua haujlwm pab dawb hauv SS "Nordland" regiment.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 28, 1941, thawj 200 tus neeg Norwegian pab dawb, feem ntau yog cov tswv cuab ntawm pab tub rog Nazi lub koom haum "Druzhina" (Hird), thaum muaj SS Reichsfuehrer Heinrich Himmler, Reichskommissar ntawm Norway Terboven thiab Quisling, cog lus ncaj ncees rau "tus thawj coj ntawm German "Adolf Hitler. Cov Norwegians tau raug sau npe hauv SS "Nordland" cov tub rog ua ib feem ntawm 5th SS Panzer Division "Viking" (tom qab cov tub rog no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm 11th SS Motorized Infantry Division "Nordland"). Qee tus neeg Norwegian pab dawb kuj tau ua haujlwm hauv lwm qhov ntawm SS. Cov txiv neej Norwegian SS tau tawm tsam hauv Me Russia, ntawm Don, hauv North Caucasus, ze Leningrad, hauv Hungary thiab Yugoslavia. Tsis tas li, cov neeg Norwegians tau tawm tsam hauv 6th SS Mountain Division "Nord" hauv cheeb tsam Murmansk.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, kev tshaj xov xwm tau nthuav tawm hauv tebchaws Norway kom nyiam cov neeg tuaj pab dawb rau SS pab tub rog. Knut Hamsun, tus kws sau ntawv Norwegian, tus yeej khoom plig Nobel, tau koom tes nrog nws. Cov ntsiab lus nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm tau qhib rau hauv cov nroog, uas ntau dua 2 txhiab tus neeg tuaj. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, thawj tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb raug xa mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (kev cob qhia hauv Kiel). Lub Yim Hli 1, 1941, Norwegian SS Legion (SS Legion "Norway") tau tsim. Thawj tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog yog tus thawj tub rog ntawm pab tub rog Norwegian, SS Sturmbannführer Jorgen Bakke. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov tub rog suav ntau dua 1,000 tus neeg tua rog. Nws suav nrog ib pab tub rog me me (peb lub tuam txhab ua tub rog thiab ib lub tuam txhab rab phom tshuab), ib lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv lub tank thiab ib pab tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1942, Norwegian legion tuaj txog ntawm Luga (Leningrad Oblast). Norwegian Legion tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm 2nd SS Infantry Brigade. Cov Norwegians tau tawm tsam ntawm kab hauv ntej thiab tau mus ncig xyuas. Yog li, tom qab sib ntaus sib tua hnyav nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1942 ntawm Pulkovo, 600 tus neeg tseem nyob hauv Norwegian Legion. Dhau lub hlis tom ntej no, txawm hais tias muaj kev txhawb nqa tas li, nqa lub zog ntawm Norwegian Legion mus rau 1100-1200 tus txiv neej, cov neeg raug mob hnyav tas li txo tus naj npawb ntawm Norwegian pab dawb rau 600-700. Tsis tas li, 1st SS Tub Ceev Xwm Tuam Txhab tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb (nws tau nrhiav los ntawm tub ceev xwm Norwegian), nws tseem ua haujlwm hauv Leningrad cov lus qhia; tub ceev xwm caij ski (tom qab ib pab tub rog) ua ib feem ntawm 6th SS Mountain Division, uas tawm tsam hauv Murmansk cov lus qhia; 2nd SS Tub Ceev Xwm Tuam Txhab raws li ib feem ntawm 6th SS Mountain Division; 6th SS tus tiv thaiv tub rog, tsim hauv Oslo, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum lub Yim Hli 1943, Quisling tus kws tshaj lij tsoomfwv German tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau tebchaws Soviet. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1944, nws tau txiav txim siab sau 70 txhiab tus neeg rau kev pabcuam hauv Wehrmacht. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam tsis tau tiav, kev ua tsov rog tau los ze. Lub teb chaws Yelemees swb thiab muaj tsawg tus neeg txaus siab tuag. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2, 1945, cov neeg Norwegian SS zaum kawg tau tso tseg nrog rau lwm pab pawg Berlin ntawm Wehrmacht. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, los ntawm Norwegian units raws li ib feem ntawm SS pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej rau 1941-1945. dhau 6 txhiab tus neeg Norwegians, uas kwv yees li 1 txhiab tuag.
Ib qho ntxiv, kwv yees li 500 tus neeg tuaj pab dawb hauv Norwegian tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog German. Xyoo 1941, tsoomfwv German uas txhawb nqa Norway tau tsim Volunteer Air Corps raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo ntawm Arctic thiab Antarctic ncov qaumteb qabteb Pilot Triggve Gran. Kwv yees li 100 Norwegians koom nrog Qib ntawm German Air Force. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau txhiab tus neeg Norwegians tau ua haujlwm hauv cov koom haum tsim kho tub rog uas tau tsim cov chaw tseem ceeb (kev tiv thaiv, txuas hniav, txoj kev, tshav dav hlau, chaw nres nkoj, thiab lwm yam) hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Fabkis thiab Finland. Xyoo 1941-1942. tsuas yog 12 txhiab tus neeg Norwegians tau koom nrog kev tsim kho txoj kev loj hauv cheeb tsam pem hauv ntej hauv Northern Finland. Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, los ntawm 20 txog 30 txhiab tus neeg Norwegians tau ua haujlwm nyob hauv Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Todt, hauv Viking Task Force, uas tau koom nrog kev tsim kho kev tsim tub rog hauv Finland thiab Norway. Cov neeg tuaj pab dawb hauv Norwegian tau ua haujlwm nyob hauv chav thauj thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm Wehrmacht. Peb tau saib xyuas cov chaw pw hav zoov. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Norway, 15,500 tus pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab 2,839 tus pej xeem ntawm Yugoslavia raug tua nyob hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov. Cov poj niam Norwegian tau ua tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob hauv Wehrmacht tsev kho mob tub rog.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum xyoo Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, txog 15 txhiab tus neeg Norwegians tau tawm tsam nrog caj npab hauv lawv txhais tes ntawm sab Peb Reich, thiab ntau txhiab leej yeem ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv rau qhov yeeb yam ntawm Peb Reich. Txog kev sib piv, thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, Norwegian cov tub rog ua tub rog, nyob rau hauv tsoomfwv Norwegian raug ntiab tawm, suav txog 4,500 tus tub rog, 2,600 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv Air Force thiab 7,400 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv Navy.
Yog li, qhov tseeb qhia tias Norway tau tawm tsam ntawm sab Peb Reich. Ntau txhiab tus neeg Norwegians tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog German, koom nrog kev tawm tsam rau USSR, tawm tsam rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, ntau txhiab leej ua haujlwm rau Hitler txoj kev yeej. Cov txiv neej Norwegian SS tau koom nrog kev tua neeg ntawm Soviet (Lavxias) cov neeg ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ukrainian SSR thiab RSFSR. Txhiab txhiab tus pej xeem Soviet tuag nyob hauv cov chaw nyob hauv tebchaws Norway, uas tseem tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov pej xeem Norwegian. Tsis muaj kev txwv rau qhov kev siab phem thiab kev dag ntxias ntawm peb "Western cov koom tes". Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, lawv tau tawm tsam ua ke rau Hitler thiab txhawb nqa "German European Union."Thiab tom qab Red Army coj Berlin, lawv tau tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej "cov tswv cuab ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler kev koom tes," "cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Nazism," thiab tam sim no lawv raug liam tias ua phem los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, USSR-Russia.
Tsov rog rau Sab Qaum Teb
Txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, Nazis txuas ntxiv tuav haujlwm hauv Arctic. 19th German Roob Corps ntawm 20th Army (kwv yees li 3 pawg tub rog sib tua, 53 txhiab tus neeg, 753 phom thiab phom, 27 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, 160 lub dav hlau) nyob ntawm tus choj nyob hauv thaj tsam Petsamo. Cov neeg German tau tso siab rau kev tiv thaiv muaj zog, qhov uas muaj teeb meem ntuj tau txhawb nrog cov qauv ruaj khov. Tsis tas li, cov tub rog German tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub nkoj, uas yog nyob hauv Northern Norway. Muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua "Tirpitz", ib thiab ib nrab puas tus tub rog (suav nrog 12-14 tus neeg rhuav tshem, txog 30 lub nkoj loj) thiab cov nkoj pabcuam. Murmansk kev taw qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Berlin vim yog kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab. Kev tswj hwm thaj chaw no tso cai rau lub teb chaws Yelemees kom tau txais cov khoom siv raw rau kev lag luam tub rog - tooj liab, npib tsib xee thiab molybdenum. Thaj chaw tseem tseem ceeb rau Peb Reich raws li lub hauv paus kev tawm tswv yim rau Navy thiab Air Force.
Finland qhov thim tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab ua tsis zoo thaum lub Cuaj Hlis ntawm 19th thiab 26th pab tub rog ntawm Karelian Front, uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg German txoj kev npaj yuav thim lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm 20th Roob Cov Tub Rog mus rau thaj tsam Petsamo, tsim kev pom zoo ua ntej rau Red Army's kev tsis txaus siab hauv Arctic. Nyob rau sab Soviet, kev ua haujlwm tau koom nrog pab tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg 14 (los ntawm Karelian Front) raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Shcherbakov, suav nrog 5 rab phom tub rog thiab 1 pab pawg ua haujlwm (8 phom sib faib, 6 phom thiab 1 lub tub rog tub rog), kwv yees li ntawm 100 txhiab tus neeg nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 2,100 phom thiab cug, 126 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom rau tus kheej. Tsis tas li, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 7 (txog 700 lub dav hlau), thiab cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qaum Teb (ob pawg tubrog nkoj, ib pab tub rog tshawb nrhiav, tshem cov nkoj thiab pab pawg huab cua - 275 lub dav hlau).
Soviet cov lus txib siab tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb kom kov yeej pab pawg yeeb ncuab, ntes Petsamo (Pechenga), tom qab ntawd Norwegian Kirkenes. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 7, 1944, pab pawg poob siab ntawm 14th Army tau pib tawm tsam (Kaum tawm Stalinist tawm tsam: Petsamo-Kirkenes ua haujlwm) los ntawm thaj tsam sab qab teb ntawm Lake. Chap hla hla txoj cai flank ntawm German corps. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 10, chav nyob ntawm 131st Rifle Corps cuam tshuam Titovka - Petsamo txoj kev, chav ntawm 99th Rifle Corps hla tus dej. Titovka, thaum lub 126th thiab 127th corps hla cov haujlwm German sab qab teb ntawm Luostari. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 10, Soviet lub nkoj (30 lub nkoj) tau tsaws chaw ntawm 63rd Marine Brigade ntawm Mattivuono. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Thib 12 tau tawm tsam ntawm isthmus ntawm Sredny Peninsula thiab ntes Musta-Tunturi ridge. Raws li kev hem thawj ntawm ib puag ncig, cov tub rog German pib thim rov qab.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, cov neeg soj xyuas ntawm Northern Fleet, tsaws los ntawm nkoj, ntes cov roj teeb ntawm Cape Krestovy tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 13-14, cov tub rog caij nkoj thiab cov tub rog ntawm 63rd Marine Brigade nyob hauv lub nroog Linahamari. Yog li, kev hem thawj tau tsim los puag ncig Pechenga los ntawm sab qaum teb. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 15, peb cov tub rog nyob Pechenga -Petsamo, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 22 - Nikel. Cov tub rog tau tsaws hauv Suolavuono thiab Aresvuono bays, uas tau pab txhawb kev ntes Norwegian kev sib hais haum ntawm Tornet thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25, chav nyob ntawm 141st corps, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tsaws tsag, nyob hauv Kirkenes. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29, peb cov tub rog tau nres ua ntej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Norway, mus txog kab sab qaum teb ntawm Neiden thiab sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Nautsi.
Yog li, Soviet pab tub rog tau tso thaj tsam ntawm Soviet Arctic thiab Northern Norway. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Loj, Soviet cov tub rog tau thim tawm ntawm Northern Norway (thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1945).
