Hauv tebchaws Ukraine, nyob rau theem ntawm lub xeev, kev dag ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Me Russia (ib feem ntawm ib leeg Lavxias kev vam meej) txuas ntxiv mus. Lub Txhab Nyiaj Txiag Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Ukraine tau tshaj tawm cov nyiaj npib ua kev nco txog rau 75 xyoos ntawm kev tshem tawm lub tebchaws los ntawm Nazi cov tub rog nrog cov duab ntawm ib tug tub rog ntawm Ukrainian Cov Tub Rog Tawm Tsam (UPA, txwv hauv tebchaws Russia).
"Dedicated to the memory of the heroic deed of the Ukrainian people in World War II, liberation of Ukraine from the Nazi occupiers in the fall of 1944, the memory and reconciliation of the troops who gave their life for Ukraine", - tau hais hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm Ukrainian National Bank.
Hnub ntawm liberation ntawm Ukraine los ntawm fascists
"Hnub ntawm Liberation ntawm Ukraine los ntawm Fascist Invaders" yog ua kev zoo siab hauv Kiev tsis ntev los no. Ua ntej, kev tso tawm ntawm Ukraine tau nco txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2004 raws li V. Yanukovych. Tab sis tom qab ntawv hnub no tsis dhau los ua hnub so hauv tebchaws. Lawv nco txog nws tsib xyoos tom qab, thaum lub sijhawm kev xaiv tsa tom ntej. Tus thawj coj ntawm kev qhia txog hnub so no ntawm qib ua haujlwm yog ib tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib tw thawj tswj hwm, Minister of Economy of Ukraine (tom qab Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm Ukraine) Serhiy Tigipko. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 20, 2009, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws thib peb ntawm Ukraine V. A. Yushchenko tau kos npe rau Tsab Cai No.
Xyoo no, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 75th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine, cov hnub caiv pej xeem tau rov nco qab. Thiab raws li ib feem ntawm kev dag dag keeb kwm ntawm Rus-Russia thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Me Me Russia (Me Russia-Ukraine), lawv tau muab cov nyiaj npib nco txog uas lawv piav qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog liab thiab tub rog ntawm Cov tub rog Ukrainian ntxeev siab.
Yog li, hauv Kiev, ntawm lub xeev qib, lawv cuam tshuam keeb kwm tseeb ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Yog tias txog xyoo 2014 Kiev cov nom tswv tau ua raws txoj cai "hloov pauv" thiab zaum ntawm ntau lub "rooj zaum"- Tebchaws Asmeskas, European Union thiab Russia, tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv. Lawv raug coj los ntawm Russophobes ncaj ncees, tub sab-oligarchs uas tseem tab tom quab yuam ib feem ntawm Lavxias ntiaj teb, thiab Ukrainian Nazis, uas tau dhau los ua nom tswv npog rau qhov pov tseg zaum kawg ntawm Me Russia hauv kev nyiam ntawm "zej zog ntiaj teb." Tam sim no Russia yog "yeeb ncuab", Cov neeg Lavxias yog "cov neeg nyob". Thiab hauv Me Me Russia tsis muaj Lavxias-Ukrainian (nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm haiv neeg Lavxias), tsuas yog "Ukrainians", cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Rus ntawm Kievan Rus, hauv Russia muaj "Muscovites", xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Finno-Ugrians thiab Mongols nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm Slavs. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Russia tseem yog tus pabcuam nyiaj txiag ntawm "ywj siab" Ukraine.
Vim li cas Lub Kaum Hli 28?
Hnub ua haujlwm rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine los ntawm Nazis yog Lub Kaum Hli 28, 1944. Hnub no, Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hnub Poob Carpathian tau xaus (Cuaj Hlis 8 - Kaum Hli 28, 1944). Cov tub rog ntawm 1st thiab 4th Ukrainian fronts nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm I. S. Konev thiab I. E. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Ukrainian SSR. Txawm li cas los xij, Wehrmacht, sim ua txhua yam nqi kom Slovakia thiab Transylvania, hloov pauv kev txhawb nqa loj rau thaj chaw no, ntxiv rau, Cov Neeg German tso siab rau cov laj kab hauv roob thiab muaj peev xwm nres tau Soviet kev ua phem.
Yog li, Cov Tub Rog Liab tsis tuaj yeem hla Carpathians thiab tso kev Slovakia los ntawm thawj qhov kev sim. Cov neeg German tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam Slovak, cov neeg tawm tsam ntxiv mus rau kev tawm tsam ib feem. Soviet cov lus txib nres qhov kev tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm Ukraine thiab tsim tus choj rau kev tawm tsam ntxiv.
Leej twg tso lub Ukrainian SSR
Cov tub rog liab tau tso Ukraine-Russia me me. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Me Russia pib thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1943. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Ukraine txuas ntxiv mus txog Lub Kaum Hli 1944. Lub sijhawm no, txog li ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog liab tau tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Ukrainian. Kev yeej ntawm Stalingrad tau loj hlob mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam dav dav los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Nyob rau sab qab teb, Soviet pab tub rog tau tawm tsam pab pawg Donbass ntawm Wehrmacht. Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1943, Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob tau tso tawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Donbass. Peb cov tub rog tau dim Balakleia, Izium, Lozovaya, Slavyansk, Kramatorsk thiab ntau pua ntawm lwm qhov chaw nyob. Tsis tas li nyob rau lub Ob Hlis, Kharkov tau raug tso dim. Txawm li cas los xij, Soviet cov lus txib tau tshaj tawm nws lub zog, npaj los tawm tsam Kiev thiab Chernigov, thiab tsis suav tus yeeb ncuab, ntseeg tias Nazis tau tawm mus dhau Dnieper. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov neeg German tau tuaj yeem npaj muaj zog tawm tsam tiv thaiv Red Army thiab rov qab tau Kharkov thaum Lub Peb Hlis.
Kev tawm tsam tshiab muaj zog hauv tebchaws Ukraine tau pib tom qab swb ntawm Wehrmacht hauv Tsov Rog Kursk. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau rov cuam tshuam txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tso tawm ua ntej Sab laug-Bank Ukraine, thiab tom qab ntawd yog Txoj Cai-Bank. Belgorod-Kharkov txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo ("Rumyantsev") thaum Lub Yim Hli 1943 coj mus rau kev tso tawm ntawm Belgorod thiab Kharkov, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tso tawm ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm Me Russia-Ukraine. Lub Hauv Paus, Voronezh, Steppe, Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv Wehrmacht nyob rau sab qab teb tis ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej, tso lub Txhab Nyiaj Txiag Sab laug Ukraine, Donbass thiab Crimea, mus txog Dniep er thiab txeeb cov choj ntawm nws sab xis.
Nyob rau hauv lub blows ntawm Soviet pab tub rog, cov Germans raug yuam kom tawm hauv Donbass thiab tawm mus rau lub Dnieper. Hitler vam tias yuav tsum nres pab tub rog liab ntawm "Sab Hnub Tuaj Rampart", uas ib nrab tau khiav raws Dnieper. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2, peb cov tub rog tau dim Sumy, Cuaj Hlis 6 - Konotop, Cuaj Hlis 8 - Stalino (tam sim no Donetsk), Cuaj Hlis 10 - Mariupol, Cuaj Hlis 13 - Nizhyn, Cuaj Hlis 16 - Romny, Cuaj Hlis 19 - Krasnograd, 23rd - Poltava, 29th - Kremenchug. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, Soviet cov tub rog tau tso Melitopol, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk thiab Dneprodzerzhinsk. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Kiev, lub peev txheej qub ntawm Lavxias, tau raug tso dim. Yog li, thaum sib ntaus sib tua rau Dnieper (Lub Yim Hli 26 - Kaum Ob Hlis 23, 1943), Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tso tawm yuav luag tag nrho Sab laug -Bank Ukraine thiab ntes 23 tus choj hla ntawm sab xis ntawm tus dej loj Russia. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 20, 1944, Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej tau hloov pauv mus rau 1st Ukrainian, Steppe Front - rau hauv 2nd Ukrainian, Sab Hnub Poob - mus rau 3 Ukrainian, thiab Sab Qab Teb - mus rau 4 Ukrainian.
Nyob rau xyoo 1943 - thaum ntxov xyoo 1944, Pawg Tub Rog Liab pib txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Txoj Cai -Bank Ukraine. Dnieper -Carpathian txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb pib (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 24, 1943 - Plaub Hlis 17, 1944). Thaum lub sijhawm Zhitomir-Berdichev ua haujlwm, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau dim Zhitomir thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 1943, Novograd-Volynsky thaum Lub Ib Hlis 3, 1944, thiab Berdichev thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5, 1944, 2nd Ukrainian Front tau pib ua phem, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 8 Kirovograd tau raug tso dim. Lub Ib Hlis 24 - Lub Ob Hlis 17, 1st thiab 2nd UV fronts tau ua haujlwm los rhuav tshem yeeb ncuab Korsun -Shevchenko pawg. Cov pab pawg German tau nyob ib puag ncig thiab swb lawm, peb cov tub rog tau dim Kanev thiab Korsun-Shevchenkovsky. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej ua Rovno-Lutsk haujlwm, tso Lutsk, Rovno thiab Shepetovka. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1944, pab tub rog thib 3 thiab 4 ntawm Ukraine tau kov yeej pawg Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih ntawm Wehrmacht, rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab Nikopol tus choj ntawm Dnieper, thiab tso Nikopol thiab Krivoy Rog. Yog li, Red Army thaum kawg pov cov neeg German rov qab los ntawm Dnieper.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1944, peb cov tub rog txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub sijhawm Proskurov-Chernivtsi ua haujlwm tsis zoo (Lub Peb Hlis 4-Plaub Hlis 17, 1944), cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau dim ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine: tag nrho thaj tsam Khmelnytsky, ib feem ntawm Vinnitsa, Ternopil thiab Chernivtsi cheeb tsam, ib nrab - Rivne thiab Ivano -Frankivsk cheeb tsam … Cov tub rog Soviet tau rhuav tshem Pawg Tub Rog German Sab Qab Teb los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab mus txog toj roob hauv pes ntawm Carpathians. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau ua haujlwm Uman-Botoshan, txiav cov yeeb ncuab pem hauv ntej, hla tus Kab Tsuag Yav Qab Teb, Dniester, Prut, tso rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine, ib feem ntawm Moldavian SSR, hla lub xeev ciam teb ntawm USSR thiab nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Romania. Qhov thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944 tau ua haujlwm Bereznegovato-Snigirevskaya. Peb pab tub rog swb tus tub rog German thib 6, tso tau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av ntawm Me Russia. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Peb Hlis - Plaub Hlis 1944, 3rd UV tau ua haujlwm hauv Odessa, Soviet pab tub rog tau dim Nikolaev thaum Lub Peb Hlis 28, coj Odessa los ntawm cua daj cua dub thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 10, thiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis 14 mus txog qis dua ntawm Dniester thiab ntes ntau lub choj ntawm nws txoj cai txhab nyiaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Soviet pab tub rog tau tso thaj tsam Nikolaev thiab Odessa thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Moldova. Cov xwm txheej tau tsim los kom ua tiav kev dim ntawm Moldova, nce mus rau sab hauv ntawm Romania thiab Balkan Peninsula.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua tiav kev tso tebchaws Ukraine dim. Thaum lub sijhawm Lvov -Sandomierz ua haujlwm tsis zoo (txij li Lub Xya Hli 13 txog Lub Yim Hli 29, 1944, Soviet pab tub rog tua yeej cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev sib koom ua ke - Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb Ukraine, tau tso thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Ukraine - lub nroog Lvov thiab Rava -Ruska los ntawm Nazis. Carpathian kev ua haujlwm (Cuaj Hlis 8 -Lub Kaum Hli 28, 1944): Lub Kaum Hli 26, cov tub rog ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau dim Mukachevo, Lub Kaum Hli 27 - Uzhgorod, Lub Kaum Hli 28 - Chop Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 28, 1944, Soviet cov tub rog tau mus txog ciam teb niaj hnub no Ukraine.
Yog li ntawd, Soviet pab tub rog tau tso Ukraine. Raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 1939, feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm USSR tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias (suav nrog Mekas Lavxias thiab Belarusians). Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov neeg Ukrainian thiab Belarusians, uas tau xaiv ua haiv neeg sib cais nyob rau xyoo Soviet, yog qhov tseeb ib feem ntawm ib leeg Lavxias super-ethnos. Ua ntej tsim ntawm Soviet Russia, tsis muaj haiv neeg ntawm Ukrainians thiab Belarusians. Muaj pab pawg sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias (Belarusians, Me Russians, Rusyns, thiab lwm yam), uas muaj lawv tus kheej hauv cheeb tsam, kev hais lus, thiab yam ntxwv niaj hnub. Kev sib cais zoo sib xws tau dhau los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws - Ryazan, Tver, Novgorod, Smolyan, thiab lwm yam, tab sis feem ntau lawv txhua tus yog Lavxias -Rus. Ntawd yog, lawv tau tso lub tebchaws sab hnub poob ntawm ib leeg txoj kev vam meej ntawm Lavxias, Ukraine-Me Russia, Russia.
Ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Bandera
Cov tub rog Ukrainian Tsov Rog Tawm Tsam (UPA) cuam tshuam ntau dua li pab txhawb kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine. Cov tswv cuab Bandera tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam rau pawg tub rog liab. Tshwj xeeb, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Ukrainian Front N. Vatutin raug tua ntawm txhais tes ntawm Ukrainian Nazis. Bandera kuj tseem ua phem rau cov neeg tsis txaus siab ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet thiab pab tub rog liab, tawm tsam cov neeg Polish nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm cov koom pheej thiab cov neeg Yudais.
Ntxiv mus, cov chav nyob ib leeg thiab kev faib cais ntawm Bandera tau tawm tsam ib sab ntawm Nazis. Yog li, tsim nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, SS faib "Galicia" ib xyoos tom qab tau siv los ntawm Nazis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze ntawm Brody, tom qab kev swb uas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws tau ua tiav nrog UPA. Thiab cov seem sib ntaus sib tua-npaj tau raug xa mus rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Slovak. Ntawd yog, UPA yog phooj ywg ntawm Peb Reich. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Bandera, Nazis tau sim teeb tsa kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviet pab pawg neeg nyob tom qab ntawm Red Army. Tom qab ntawd, thaum Peb Reich twb swb lawm, Ukrainian Nazis tau nkag mus ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Askiv thiab tawm tsam USSR tau ntau xyoo. Cov ntshav ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg, suav nrog cov pej xeem pej xeem, nyob ntawm Bandera cov neeg txhais tes, thiab muaj ntau yam kev ua phem txhaum cai.
Yog li, qhov kev qhuas sib txawv ntawm UPA hauv niaj hnub Ukraine yog kev thuam. Ntau tus kws lij choj Kiev tam sim no tau ntxeev siab rau kev nco txog yawg thiab yawm txiv uas ntaus Nazis thiab Nazi phem.
Tam sim no Ukraine tau tsim los ntawm Bolsheviks thiab Stalin
Qhov tseeb, txoj cai Kiev tam sim no yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuas los ntawm UPA, tab sis los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet thiab Stalin tus kheej. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog tsoomfwv Soviet uas tsim niaj hnub Ukraine hauv nws cov ciam teb tam sim no. Nws yog Soviet cov thawj coj, suav nrog Stalin, uas yuav tsum tau txhim tsa lub tsev teev ntuj, tsis yog Bandera thiab lwm yam dab.
Yog tias Bolsheviks tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, lossis yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab Novorossiya thiab Me Russia, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Ukraine tseem nyob hauv Kiev, ces Ukraine yuav nyuaj siab heev. Tsis muaj Galicia thiab Volhynia, uas tau raug ntes los ntawm Tebchaws Poland, tsis muaj Bukovina thiab Carpathian Rus - lawv tau raug ntes los ntawm Romania thiab Czechoslovakia. Tsis muaj Donetsk-Krivoy Rog koom pheej nrog lub peev hauv Kharkov, uas suav nrog thaj tsam ntawm Kharkov thiab Yekaterinoslav xeev (tag nrho), Donetsk cov phiab dej, ib feem ntawm Krivoy Rog cheeb tsam ntawm Kherson xeev, ib feem ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Tauride lub xeev Bolsheviks suav nrog cov koom pheej no hauv Ukrainian SSR, txawm hais tias tsis muaj laj thawj loj rau qhov no.
Xyoo 1939 thiab tom qab yeej hauv Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, Stalin suav nrog thaj av Lavxias sab hnub poob - Galicia thiab Volyn, Carpathian Rus, Bukovina - rau hauv Ukrainian SSR. Ntawd yog, ua tsaug rau "damned Moscow", Soviet hwj chim thiab Stalin, peb muaj Ukraine niaj hnub no. Yog tias nyob hauv Kiev tam sim no lawv xav tso lawv tus kheej los ntawm "kev phem" ntawm Soviet lub zog, tom qab ntawd Ukraine tuaj yeem txo qis thiab ua siab ncaj rau tsib lub xeev ua ntej kev tawm tsam-Kiev, Podolsk, Volyn, Poltava thiab Chernigov. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog Hetman Khmelnitsky cov khoom, thiab thaj av uas Central Rada tau thov hauv xyoo 1917. Tag nrho lwm thaj av tau kov yeej thiab txuas rau Kiev los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Cov neeg Lavxias tau rov qab thaj av Dub Hiav Txwv Dub los ntawm Turks thiab Crimean Tatars thiab tsim Tshiab Russia. Galicia (Lvov cheeb tsam) thiab Transcarpathia tau rov qab los ntawm Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Poob los ntawm Red Army.
