Kev ua phem rau ntawm Kakhovsky lub taub hau tau kav tsib hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Soviet rab phom loj tau ntsib Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb nrog hluav taws tuag. Cov kab xaim ntau kab yuav tsum tau txiav nrog cov pas nrig. Kev sim ua txhaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Red Army nrog kev pab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam kuj tseem tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej. Cov Tub Rog Liab cov txiv neej tau kawm ntaus yeej cov yeeb ncuab lub tank, dov tawm lub teeb phom rau hluav taws ncaj qha.
Lub yim hli ntuj sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qis Dnieper
Ib pawg Reds ntawm Dnieper tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1920. Lub tshuab poob rau ntawm 2nd Army Corps ntawm General Vitkovsky. Blucher cov tub rog (51st thiab 52nd phom sib faib, Sablin sib koom ua rog sib faib) tsim kev tawm tsam, tab sis maj mam. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tawv ncauj tawm tsam rov qab, tawm tsam. Lawv nrhiav qhov khoob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cuam lawv cov tub rog mus rau lawv. Ib qho ntxiv, Liab hais kom ntshai rau lawv qhib lub ntsej muag thiab tos kom pab pawg nce qib hauv Perekop cov lus qhia kom ua tiav. Txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 27, pab pawg Reds hauv Melitopol qhia txog Ivanovka - Nizhnie Serogozy - Novaya Aleksandrovka kab. Txog tam sim no, peb hnub tau tawm tsam tawv tawv nrog Dawb, uas tau sim txeeb txoj haujlwm. Kev faib Latvian, txhawb ntxiv los ntawm pawg 15, tau nce qib ntawm Perekop. Cov Reds tau nce qeeb thiab dhau Lub Yim Hli 27 lawv mus txog lub zos Magdalinovka. Kev faib phom loj hauv Latvian tau ua rau tsis muaj zog hauv kev sib ntaus thiab poob nws lub zog qub.
Tawm tsam sab laug ntawm Blucher pab pawg, Cov Dawb ntawm 27th tau mob siab rau pab pawg tawm tsam hauv thaj tsam Demyanovka, uas suav nrog Kornilovskaya, 6th Infantry thiab 1st Cavalry Division. Cov pab pawg tau coj los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Kornilov faib, Skoblin. Txoj cai flank ntawm Reds (Sablin's cavalry) tau tawm tsam los ntawm 2nd Cavalry Division, nyob hauv nruab nrab yog ib pab tub rog sib cais. Cov lus txib dawb tau sim npog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas tau hla mus rau Melitopol. Wrangel thiab Kutepov suav tias qhov xwm txheej no txaus ntshai heev. Hauv kev teb, Blucher ntxiv dag zog rau nws sab laug sab (52nd Division tau ua phem phem hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los thiab muaj tsawg tus lej). Sablin cov tub rog tau raug xa mus rau ntawd los ntawm kev yuam kom peb mus.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 21, Reds pib ua phem rau sab hnub tuaj. Hauv nruab nrab, cov tub rog ntawm 13th Soviet Army tau ntes Bolshoi Tokmak. Tab sis Reds tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau mus ntxiv. Kutepov's 1st Army Corps thiab Morozov's Don Brigade tau tawm tsam kom tuag. Lub zos dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes. Red Army tsuas yog tuaj yeem thawb cov yeeb ncuab me ntsis. Crimean kws sau ntawv xov xwm A. Valentinov rov hais dua:
Dab tsi peb cov tub rog tau ua tsis yog kev ua siab loj, tab sis yog qee yam tsis tseem ceeb. Cov Drozdovites tau mus txog qhov kawg. Hauv qab cua daj cua dub hluav taws, lawv tawm tsam hauv kev tsim. Txhua lub plhaub rub 10-15 tus neeg tawm ntawm cov saw hlau. Thiab txhua lub sijhawm tom qab so, cov lus txib "ace, ob, hauv kauj ruam!" 1st Corps tau tua 40,000 lub foob pob hauv ib lub lis piam. Bolshevik yog tsib zaug loj dua …"
Qhov poob ntawm ob sab yog qhov zoo. Tab sis Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau tawm tsam, rov thawb cov yeeb ncuab rov qab. Qhov no tau tso cai rau Wrangel tshem tawm Kornilovskaya thiab 6th Infantry Division, thiab tom qab ntawd Barbovich cov tub rog caij nkoj los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, pov cov tub rog mus rau sab hnub poob.
Ua kom zoo dua qhov tseeb tias Cov Neeg Dawb tau hloov pauv ib feem ntawm lawv cov tub rog mus rau sab hnub poob thiab ua rau lawv txoj haujlwm tsis muaj zog nyob rau sab qaum teb sab qaum teb, Soviet cov lus txib cuam tshuam rau Gorodovikov's 2nd Cavalry Army mus rau qhov ua phem.2nd Cavalry Army tau tuaj yeem tsoo hla tus yeeb ncuab pem hauv ntej ntawm thaj tsam Vasilyevka thiab tau mus rau Orlyansk kom mus txog Blucher pawg. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 29, thaum Blucher cov tub rog hauv cheeb tsam Seragoz tau tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev ua tiav sib txawv, Gorodovikov cov tub rog caij nkoj mus txog Malaya Beloozerskaya thiab kov yeej Don Infantry Regiment. Kwv yees li 60 km tseem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2nd Cavalry Army thiab Blucher cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet, uas tseem tsis tau zoo los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, tau txav mus qeeb heev thiab tsis tswj kom tawg mus rau Blucher qhov kev sib cais ntawm qhov ua tiav ntawm lawv txoj kev vam meej. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 30, Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb nce siab rau sab laug ntawm Blucher pab pawg thiab, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, yuam kom Reds tawm hauv Sab Seragoz cheeb tsam.
Wrangel cov tub rog tawm tsam
Cov tub rog caij nees tau pib tuav los ntawm pab pawg dav hlau ntawm General Tkachev. Lub cavalry tau foob pob thiab tua los ntawm rab phom tshuab. Tom qab ntawd pab pawg ntawm General Kalinin tau mus cuam tshuam Reds - 2nd Don Cavalry Division, ib pawg tub rog sib cais, Don Infantry Regiment thiab Markovites. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tag hnub. Cov Wrangelites tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej Gorodovikov cov tub rog, tab sis lawv kuj tsis tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab tsoo los pab Blucher qhov kev sib cais. Gorodovikov raug yuam kom thim nws cov tub rog mus rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, mus rau lub zos Novoekaterinovka, txhawm rau muab cov koog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Muab ib qho kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov tub rog liab, Wrangel tam sim ntawd thawb tag nrho nws lub zog tawm tsam pab pawg Blucher.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj txuas ntxiv mus. Tsis tau tos txog txoj hauv kev ntawm Cavalry thib 2, raug kev txom nyem poob thiab ntshai kev nyob ib puag ncig, Blucher thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1 pib thim cov tub rog mus rau Kakhovsky tus choj. Muaj, hloov pauv sab qaum teb ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb, 1st Cavalry tseem tau txav mus. Nws tau txav mus tom qab pem hauv ntej, uas tau tawm mus rau sab hnub poob, thiab pib hem tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Sablin cov tub rog sib ntaus tau tsoo lub tshuab tsoo thiab pab Gorodovikov cov tub rog hla mus rau nws tus kheej. Lub Kornilovites thiab Barbovich cov tub rog tau raug thawb rov qab. Lub Cuaj Hli 2, Gorodovikov cov tub rog ntawm Kakhovka koom nrog 51st Infantry Division. Tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, pab pawg Perekop ntawm Reds rov qab los rau ntawm Kakhovsky tus choj.
Zaum 2 Cavalry tam sim no yog "pab tub rog" tsuas yog nominally: tom qab ob lub Yim Hli sib ntaus sib tua, ntawm 9 txhiab tus tub rog tshuav 1, 5 txhiab leej. Gorodovikov tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev hais kom ua thiab rov qab los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm Budyonny mus rau 1st Cavalry (coj mus rau 6th Cavalry Division). 1st Cavalry tau coj los ntawm Philip Mironov. Nws yog tus thawj coj paub dhau los. Don Cossack los ntawm keeb kwm, qub tub rog ntawm kev ua tsov rog nrog Nyij Pooj thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Tom qab Kev Tawm Tsam Lub Kaum Hli, nws tau txhawb nqa Bolsheviks, dhau los ua thawj tus neeg tuav daim ntawv xaj ntawm Red Banner.
Ntxiv rau qhov seem ntawm 1st Cavalry hauv kev khaws cia, hauv Kakhovsky thaj chaw muaj zog muaj cov tub rog ntawm 4 kev sib faib phom thiab ib pab tub rog tub rog. Txawm hais tias qhov ua tau zoo tshaj ntawm Reds hauv cheeb tsam Kakhov thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, Wrangel tau xaj kom tawm tsam. Cov lus txib dawb vam tias Reds tau puas siab puas ntsws tawg los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav, thiab ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm kev thim rov qab lawv tau npaj los tsim kev tawm tsam. Ua kom puas tsuaj rau cov yeeb ncuab loj nyob ze Dnieper, thiab tom qab ntawd nce mus rau sab qaum teb. Ntawm kev ua phem rau Kakhovka tau mus rau ib pab pawg ntawm General Vitkovsky, nqa mus txog 7 txhiab tus xov tooj cua thiab sabers, ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau pem hauv ntej ua tsov rog tau tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj neeg thiab muaj lub npe zoo li cov nkoj thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv: "Suvorov", "Kutuzov", "Skobelev", "Ermak", "Rau Russia Dawb Huv."
Txawm li cas los xij, kev suav ntawm cov lus txib dawb rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua phem nrawm tsis yog qhov ncaj ncees. Cov Tub Rog Liab twb txawv heev lawm. Tom qab swb, Pab Pawg Liab, zoo li ua ntej, tsis tawg, tsis tawg thaum xub thawj. Tam sim no Reds tau thim rov qab raws li tau npaj tseg, rov sib sau ua ke, hloov chaw, nqa riam phom, mos txwv thiab npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab. Txog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev qhuab qhia thiab kev txiav txim, tus thawj coj thiab kev ua neeg ncaj ncees, lawv raug rau txim hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog Soviet tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev muaj zog tiv thaiv. Cheeb Tsam muaj zog tiv thaiv Kakhovsky muaj peb kab kev tiv thaiv: 1) kab tom ntej ntawm 40 km, uas suav nrog cov kab sib cais thiab cov chaw ruaj khov ua kom ruaj khov nrog cov hlau thaiv; 2) txoj kab tseem ceeb, 30 km deb, yog 3-6 km ntawm kab hauv ntej. Nws suav nrog 2-3 kab ntawm cov kab sib tw nrog cov kab sib txuas lus, cov lus soj ntsuam, cov tuam txhab muaj zog, cov haujlwm phom loj thiab cov chaw nyob me me. Antipersonnel thiab anti-tank mines (thawj zaug hauv kev coj ua ntawm Red Army) tau teeb tsa hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb; 3) tus choj hla kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv 2 km tiv thaiv kev hla kev. Kakhovsky thaj tsam muaj zog muaj rab phom loj, suav nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Vitkovsky cov tub rog tau ua lub tshuab tseem ceeb raws txoj kev Perekop-Kakhovka. Soviet rab phom loj tau ntsib Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb nrog hluav taws tuag. Cov kab xaim ntau kab yuav tsum tau txiav nrog cov pas nrig. Tsis muaj txiab txiav: Fab Kis tau cog lus tseg, tab sis tsis xa tuaj. Cov Wrangelites tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau qhov teeb meem txawm tias muaj rab phom loj siv hluav taws. Cov Neeg Dawb tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov mos txwv. Lub plhaub yuav tsum tau txais kev cawmdim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau rab phom Askiv (tsis muaj khoom siv). Kev sim ua txhaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Red Army nrog kev pab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam kuj tseem tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej. Cov Tub Rog Liab cov txiv neej tau kawm ntaus yeej cov yeeb ncuab lub tank, dov tawm lub teeb phom rau hluav taws ncaj qha. Ob lub tso tsheb hlau luam dawb tau tsoo tawm, ob, tau tawg los ntawm thawj kab ntawm cov teeb meem, tau nyam ntawm qhov thib ob thiab raug ntes thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv los ntawm Red Army. Qhov kev ua phem tau kav 5 hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Dawb hmo tawm tsam tsis pab. Cov phom loj liab tau tua thaj tsam zoo thiab tsoo cov xwm txheej. Txog lub Cuaj Hlis 6, kev tawm tsam ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb tau ploj mus. Tau poob txog li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab 6 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, Vitkovsky pab pawg tau mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv (kom txog rau thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 14, thaum Wrangel cov tub rog tau tawm tsam zaum kawg).
Yog li, kev ua haujlwm tom ntej ntawm Red Army hauv Crimean cov lus qhia tsis ua rau swb thiab rhuav tshem ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm Kuban, qhov uas pab pawg Ulagaya tau ua haujlwm. Lawv kuj tau tiv thaiv lub tswv yim Kakhovsky tus taub hau, uas dai hla tus yeeb ncuab thiab tsuas yog 2, 5 kev hloov pauv los ntawm Perekop. Nws khi cov rog ntawm cov neeg dawb, tsis tso cai rau lawv tsim kev tawm tsam rau sab hnub tuaj lossis sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Ib qho ntxiv, Reds tau ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tib neeg thiab khoom siv. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau tawm tsam qhov txwv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm - tib neeg thiab khoom siv. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab thiab kev sib koom ua ke tau ua tiav yam tsis tau tshem tawm ntawm cov chav zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kab hauv ntej. Cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Kutepov's 1st corps (Kornilovskaya, Drozdovskaya, Markovskaya) tas li maj nrawm los ntawm ib qho chaw raug hem mus rau lwm qhov thiab tsis muaj kev so. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem rhuav tshem Pawg Tub Rog Dawb. Txog Red Army, kev poob qis ib ntus tsis tau txiav txim siab. Cov Reds tau rov ua tiav qhov kev faib ua ntu zus, tas li txhim kho cov rog thiab cov peev txheej ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli, 1st Cavalry ntawm Budyonny tau xa tawm tsam Wrangel cov tub rog.
