100 xyoo dhau los, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1920, qhov kev tawm tsam zaum kawg ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog Lavxias pib. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau kov yeej cov tub rog Soviet thib 13, ntes Berdyansk, Mariupol thiab Aleksandrovsk thiab pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Yuzovka thiab Taganrog.
Sim ua kom muaj zog tom qab
Tom qab kev ua phem tsis tau zoo ntawm Kakhovsky thaj chaw muaj zog thaum lub Cuaj Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1920, ib ntus lull tau teeb tsa hauv tag nrho Tauride Front. Ob tog tau ua tiav qhov kev poob qis, rov ua kom muaj zog, rub tawm cov peev txheej. Npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab. Lub sijhawm no, cov lus txib dawb tau npaj ua haujlwm nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, nws tau tawm tsam hauv Yekaterinoslav cov lus qhia, txhawm rau hla mus rau hauv Donetsk phiab thiab mus rau thaj tsam Don. Ua ntej, Wrangelites yuav tsum kov yeej Reds hauv Pologi - Verkhniy Tokmak cheeb tsam, tawm tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv Orekhov - cheeb tsam Aleksandrovsk. Tom qab kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab ntawm sab laug ntawm Dniep er, Wrangel tau rov qab mus rau Zadneprovskoy kev ua haujlwm. Tua yeej pab tub rog liab nyob rau sab hnub poob, tsim kom muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo hauv Ukraine thiab koom nrog Petliura thiab Poles. Txoj cai-txhab nyiaj Ukraine yuav tsum muab cov phooj ywg dawb, txhawb ntxiv thiab cov peev txheej rau kev ua tsov ua rog.
Hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev tsim lub zog tshiab tiv thaiv Soviet pem hauv ntej, tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav kev sib cuag nrog ntau lub zog. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Don thiab Kuban. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab los ntawm Ukraine tuaj rau Wrangel, lawv tau muab cov khoom pab. Qhov tseem ceeb tiag ntawm xws li "kev koom tes" yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Atamanov thiab Batek txaus siab rau nyiaj, riam phom, khoom siv. Tab sis rov qab los lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab dab tsi, thiab lawv tsis xav tau. Lawv "taug kev ntawm lawv tus kheej" thiab tsuas yog ua dab tsi muaj txiaj ntsig rau lawv. Cov lus txib dawb tau sim ua kom pom zoo nrog Makhno, uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, Makhnovists tsis tau sib cuag. "Generals" yog "counter-revolutionaries" rau tus txiv neej laus. Makhnovists tau tawm tsam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv, tab sis lawv nyob rau tib sab ntawm pem hauv ntej nrog Bolsheviks.
Qhov tsis muaj kev koom tes nrog Makhno ua rau muaj xwm txheej phem nyob tom qab ntawm Pab Tub Rog Dawb. Sab nraub qaum dawb tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Crimean "ntsuab" thiab liab pab pawg. Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv, feem ntau khiav tawm ntawm ntau pab tub rog. Lawv cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus, nyiag cov neeg hla dhau, thiab mus rau thaj tsam uas muaj neeg nyob. Qhov no yuam cov neeg dawb kom khaws cov tub ceev xwm hauv cov nroog tom qab, txhawm rau tsim kev rau txim nrawm los ntawm chav nyob tom qab thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab koom nrog. Txhawm rau tawm tsam cov neeg laib nyob tom qab, tau tsim lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb, coj los ntawm General Anatoly Nosovich. Ntau "ntsuab" lub tswv yim xav txog lawv tus kheej Makhnovists, lees paub txoj cai zoo tshaj plaws ntawm leej txiv. Cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm Tavria tseem suav tias yog lawv tus kheej "Makhnovists". Txij li thaum leej txiv tsis txhawb Wrangel, tom qab ntawd lawv tsis txhawb cov neeg dawb. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsis tau mus rau pab tub rog Lavxias, lawv tau nkaum los ntawm kev tawm tsam, mus rau cov neeg koom nrog. Kev sib haum xeeb loj hauv Tavria tsis tau muab ib qho kev sau npe rau pab tub rog. Wrangel qhov kev txiav txim siab "hnyav" (ntawm kev lav phib xaub sib luag hauv tsev neeg thiab hauv tebchaws, txeeb cov khoom ntawm cov neeg khiav tawm, thiab lwm yam) tsuas yog tsis quav ntsej.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm cov neeg koom nrog. Crimean Tatars nyiam qhov "ntsuab". Cov neeg tawg rog coob uas tau nyab lub nroog ntawm Crimea nyiam "kev ua nom ua tswv", txaus siab nyob hauv taverns lossis ya dav hlau mus txawv tebchaws. Lawv tsis xav mus rau pem hauv ntej kab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Pab Pawg Dawb tau tuag los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv. Ib yam dab tsi tau muab rau kev mob siab rau hauv nroog, cov neeg raug kaw ntawm Red Army tau raug coj mus rau hauv pab tub rog, kev rov txhim kho thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov chaw pabcuam tom qab thiab cov koog tsev kawm ntawv tseem tab tom ua. Tab sis cov kev txhawb ntxiv no tau phem dua hauv qhov zoo dua li cov chav nyob ua ntej. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb nyuaj los them nyiaj rau qhov poob hauv cov tub ceev xwm. Cov lus txib dawb tsis tuaj yeem nqa mus rau tom qab kom so thiab ua kom rov zoo dua ntawm chav nyob ntawm kab hauv ntej. Tsis muaj leej twg los hloov lawv. Cov chav nyob ib yam (Kornilovites, Markovites, Drozdovites, thiab lwm yam) tau raug pov rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm cov hauv ntej, mus rau hauv kev kov yeej.
Reorganization ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1920, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg dawb tau hloov pauv ib ntus rau qhov zoo dua. Ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej, Red Army raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Wrangel tau thov rau tsoomfwv Polish nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kev taw qhia kom nres ntawm txoj haujlwm qub German thiab yav tom ntej los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Kiev kev coj. Wrangel nws tus kheej tau npaj yuav hla Dnieper, kom koom ua ke nrog Cov Tub Rog hauv cheeb tsam Kiev. Tom qab ntawd ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog kev mus rau Moscow. Savinkov hauv tebchaws Poland pib tsim cov tub rog Lavxias thib 3. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tebchaws Ukraine tau tsim nyob hauv tsoomfwv Crimean. Cov neeg nruab nrab ntawm haiv neeg nruab nrab hauv tebchaws Ukraine uas tau tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev koom siab Russia.
Wrangel cov tub rog tau txais kev txhawb ntxiv. Ulagai cov neeg tsaws tsaws rov qab los ntawm Kuban, nrog nws ntau txhiab Kuban Cossacks tuaj txog, uas koom nrog Wrangelites. Fostikov "tub rog" raug tshem tawm ntawm Georgia. Lawv tau pauv mus rau Poland 15 txhiab. Bredov lub tsev. Kev tawm tsam ntxiv tau ua tiav. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws thiab cov koom haum émigré, Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tuaj txog hauv Crimea, hu nkauj thiab ua pab pawg, uas yog vim li cas ntau yam tau xaus hauv Baltic States, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Poland, Romania, txawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Qhov nce ntawm tus lej tau muab kev nrhiav neeg raug kaw ntawm Red Army rau hauv pab tub rog.
Qhov no tau tso cai rau Wrangel rov txhim kho pab tub rog. Cov tub rog tau muab faib ua ob pab tub rog. 1st Army thiab Don Corps tau raug txo mus rau 1st Army nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Kutepov. Vitkovsky's 2nd Army Corps thiab 3rd Army Corps, tsim los ntawm Consolidated Kuban Infantry Division (7th Division), Kuban thiab Bredovites, nkag mus rau 2nd Army raws li cov lus txib ntawm Dratsenko. Thawj pab tub rog nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm Tavrian Pem Hauv Ntej, thib 2 - ntawm sab laug. General Barbovich cov tub rog sib cais sib cais sib koom ua tub rog tsis tu ncua. Ib pawg neeg caij nees sib txawv suav nrog Kuban faib thiab Terek-Astrakhan pawg tub rog. Kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj zog ntawm Pab Pawg Dawb tau nce txog 44 txhiab tus neeg nrog kwv yees 200 rab phom, kwv yees li 1 txhiab rab phom tshuab, 34 lub dav hlau, 26 lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, 9 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 19 lub tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv. Hauv nraub qaum, nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim, muaj lwm chav nyob, tab sis lawv muaj kev sib ntaus tsis zoo, nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau txais riam phom thiab khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm Entente.
Ua txhaum
Ua ntej muaj kev vam meej nyob rau sab hnub poob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj, qhov twg yog pab tub rog thib 13 ntawm Soviet tau ua phem rau cov neeg dawb. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom kov yeej pab tub rog thib 13 lossis thawb nws tawm mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm tsam ntawm 1st pab tub rog ntawm Kutepov ntawm sab xis yog xav kom hloov kev mloog thiab khaws cia ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. 2nd Army Dratsenko nrog Babiev cov tub rog tau txais sijhawm los npaj Zadneprovskoy kev ua haujlwm. Txog thaum ib nrab Lub Cuaj Hli 1920, hauv thaj tsam Mikhailovka-Vasilyevka, cov lus txib dawb tau mloog zoo rau 1st Army Corps, Kornilov Division, 1st, 2nd thiab 4th Kuban Cavalry Division thiab Don Corps.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 14, 1920, Abramov's Don Corps tau tawm tsam. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nkoj tau tshwm sim ze ntawm Obitochnaya nto qaub ncaug (ze Berdyansk). Red Azov tub rog flotilla coj los ntawm Khvitsky (4 rab phom thiab 3 lub nkoj) tawm ntawm Melitopol nrog txoj haujlwm los tua cov flotilla dawb nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm qeb thib 2 Karpov (2 lub nkoj, ob lub nkoj khov nab kuab, ib lub nkoj tawg, lub nkoj tua hluav taws thiab lub nkoj), uas tau tua ntawm Berdyansk. Lub zog ntawm ob tog tau kwv yees li sib npaug. Thaum muaj kev sib cav, White Flotilla poob lub nkoj Salgir, thiab lub nkoj phom Ural kuj tau puas ntsoog. Ob tog tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej yeej. Feem ntau, Reds tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Hiav Txwv Azov thiab tsis pub cov Tub Rog Dawb, uas tau tawm tsam Donbass, ntawm kev txhawb nqa los ntawm hiav txwv.
Hauv kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj, Don kev sib faib tau tsoo thiab thawb cov phom 40th thiab 42nd ntawm Reds. Cov yeeb ncuab raug pov rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, ntawm tus dej. Nees. Tom qab ntawd Wrangelites ntes Berdyansk thiab Pologi chaw nres tsheb. Tsim kev tawm tsam, cov neeg dawb tau tsiv mus rau Donbass. 1st Army Corps tseem tau tawm tsam, tsoo hla lub ntsej muag liab ntawm Novo-Grigorievsky. Tua yeej txoj cai tis ntawm pab tub rog thib 13, White Guard tau coj Orekhov, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 19 - Aleksandrovsk. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau thim rov qab mus rau cov kob ntawm Khortitsa uas yog lub nroog. Kutepov cov tub rog txuas ntxiv mus rau sab qaum teb. Cov Neeg Dawb tau coj Slavgorod, nyob rau thaj tsam uas tawv ncauj sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov hnub tom qab. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 22, Thawj Tub Rog Lavxias tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Sinelnikovo.
Cov lus txib Dawb tau hloov pauv Don Corps thiab Kuban kev faib mus rau sab hnub tuaj txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev tawm tsam ntawm Yuzovka thiab Mariupol. Dawb nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 28 nyob Mariupol. Cov tub rog Don tau mus rau ciam teb ntawm cheeb tsam Don. Ntawm qhov no, kev ua tiav ntawm Pab Tub Rog Dawb ntawm txoj cai flank tau xaus. Cov tub rog Soviet thib 13, tau txais kev txhawb ntxiv thiab qhia cov peev txheej rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tau tawm tsam. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm Sinelnikovo, muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav heev. 1st corps tau hla mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Pawg Don ntawm cov neeg dawb tau tso tseg thawj zaug thiab tom qab ntawd pov rov qab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev mloog zoo ntawm cov lus txib dawb riveted sab flank, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab tshiab tau xeeb tub. Yog li ntawd, Wrangelites tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho thawj qhov kev vam meej nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj.
