Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vistula
Txij li 2 txog 6 Lub Kaum Hli, cov tub rog Austro-German tau mus txog nruab nrab Vistula thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm San. Lavxias cov chav npog tau thim rov qab mus rau Vistula, thiab tom qab ntawd hla tus dej. Novikov cov tub rog tiv nrog ntau tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, General Delsal pawg (peb pawg tub rog) tau tawm tsam tawv ncauj nrog peb zaug tus yeeb ncuab lub zog ntawm Opatov, 80th kev faib tawm ntawm Sandomir. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm thiab thim rov qab dhau Vistula.
Kev thim rov qab ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias los ntawm sab laug ntawm Vistula txhawj xeeb txog cov lus txib siab. Petrograd tau hais kom Warsaw thiab Ivangorod tsis txhob zwm rau txhua qhov xwm txheej thiab mus tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Ivanov pom tau tias cov tub rog tseem tsis tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, thiab txiav txim siab txwv lawv tus kheej rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua kom txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9.
Txog Lub Kaum Hli 9, Cov tub rog German tau mus txog Vistula, thiab cov tub rog Austro -Hungarian - mus rau San. Thawj qhov phiaj xwm ntawm German cov lus txib kom ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ntawm 9 tus tub rog Lavxias tau tawg. Tus thawj coj German Hindenburg txiav txim siab npaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Warsaw. Nws faib cov tub rog German-Austrian ua peb pawg. Hindenburg txiav txim siab tig lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm 9th German pab tub rog sab qaum teb thiab sim ua kom txeeb tau Warsaw ntawm kev txav mus los. Txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum tau daws los ntawm pab pawg tshwj xeeb uas ua rau muaj kev poob siab uas muaj peb pawg (17th, 20th pab tub rog lub cev thiab Frommel cov koom ua ke) raws li cov lus txib ntawm General von Mackensen. Ntawm sab laug, Mackensen pawg tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 8th Cavalry Division thiab ob pab tub rog los ntawm Thorn fortress. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, General Mackensen pawg tau taug kev hla Radom mus rau Warsaw.
Ib feem ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 9th Army (Tus Saib Xyuas Tiv Thaiv Corps, 1 pawg ntawm Voyrsha cov tub rog thiab 1 pawg tub rog ntawm pawg 20) tau khi cov yeeb ncuab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tawm tsam nws ntawm kab los ntawm Ivangorod mus rau Sandomir. Pawg no tau coj los ntawm General Galwitz. 1st Austrian Army, txhawb los ntawm 11th German Corps thiab 2nd Division of the Voyrsh Corps, yog txhawm rau khi 9th Russia Army hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
General Yim Hli von Mackensen
Lub caij no, cov tub rog Lavxias thib 4 thiab 9 tau ua tiav kev hloov pauv los ntawm Galicia thiab mloog zoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej. Pilitsa thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej. Sana. Cov tub rog thib 5 tau lig, tsuas yog cov phiaj xwm tom ntej ntawm 17th Corps tau xa mus rau sab qaum teb. Cov tub rog thib 2 tau pauv 27th Army Corps, 2nd Siberian Army Corps thiab ib feem ntawm 1st Army Corps mus rau thaj tsam Warsaw.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, Ivanov tau hais kom hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4 thiab 5 tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab mus rau pem hauv ntej, thib ob pab tub rog mus rau ntawm ntug dej. Cov tub rog thib 9 yuav tsum tuav cov tub rog ntawm 1st Austrian Army nrog nws cov haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaj no tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ntau qhov laj thawj: 1) cov tub rog tsis ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv; 2) tsis muaj chaw ferry txaus los hloov cov tub rog mus rau lwm lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Vistula; 3) nws lig, Hindenburg twb tau pib ua phem rau Warsaw.
Txij thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 10, ntawm txoj kev mus rau Ivangorod thiab Warsaw, kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau pib. Cov chav ua ntej ntawm 2nd Siberian Corps los ntawm Mshhonov-Groitsy pem hauv ntej tau raug yuam kom thim rov qab los ntawm kev ua siab zoo los ntawm pab pawg muaj zog ntawm Mackensen pab pawg. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11, kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj twb tau dhau mus hauv ib txoj hauv kev los ntawm Warsaw, ze rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Blonie, Brvinov, Nadarzhin thiab Piaseczno. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau mus yuav luag ob hnub. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 2, General Sergei Scheideman, tau tshaj tawm rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob: "Cov neeg German tabtom maj nrawm, tsis muaj lub zog txaus los tawm tsam txhua yam uas nkag mus rau tom ntej." Lub Kaum Hlis 12, Cov tub rog German tau tawm tsam lawv txoj kev mus rau lwm 6 km, thawb cov neeg Lavxias rov qab los ntawm txoj kab ntawm Ozharov, Falenta thiab Dombrovka, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau txoj kab tiv thaiv ntawm qub Warsaw fortress. Nov yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog Lavxias hauv cheeb tsam Warsaw. Txawm li cas los xij, Mackensen pawg tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav thiab pib fizzle, thiab cov chav tshiab tuaj txog rau cov neeg Lavxias.
Kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj tau mus rau hauv Ivangorod kev coj. Kev tsim ntawm cov tub rog thib 4 thiab 5 tau pib hla Vistula. Lawv tau tswj hwm kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb mus rau lwm sab. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tswj tsis tau zoo los ntawm lub hauv ntej, pab tub rog thiab tub rog hais kom ua, feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog tau thim hla tus dej. Yog li, hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 10, Evert tau xa ib feem ntawm Caucasian thib 3, Grenadier thiab cov tub rog thib 16 hla Vistula. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 10, hauv kev sib tham koom nrog, cov neeg German thawb cov tub rog Lavxias rov qab. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 11, Evert raug yuam kom thim Grenadier thiab cov tub rog thib 16 mus rau ntug dej sab hnub tuaj ntawm Vistula dua.
Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov rog ntawm ob pab tub rog Lavxias tuaj yeem ntes mus rau lwm sab. Ntawm sab laug tis ntawm 5th Army of Plehve, thawj pab tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho 17th Army Corps, ntxiv dag zog rau sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Vistula. Ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm pab tub rog thib 4, cov koog thib 3 Caucasian Corps (nws tau tsim los ntawm Cossacks feem ntau) nyob hauv thaj tsam Kozenice. Cov av nyob ntawm no tau yooj yim rau kev tiv thaiv - hav zoov thiab swamps. Qhov no tau tso cai rau Lavxias pab tub rog tuav tus choj thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam German. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub ceev xwm khaws cia rau 10-12 hnub. Qhov kev vam meej no tau tsim ua ntej rau qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum thib ob ntawm kev ua tub rog Lavxias.
Cov lus hais hauv German tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb rau Kozenitsky tus choj, thiab cov neeg German tau npaj siab ua kom thim cov tub rog Lavxias mus rau hauv Vistula. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Lavxias sawv khov kho thiab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias Hindenburg tsis muaj lub zog tshiab uas tuaj yeem ua rau nthwv dej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Warsaw thiab Ivangorod. Cov tub rog German 9th tau coj tag nrho nws cov tub rog mus sib ntaus sib tua. Lub caij no, Lavxias cov lus txib tau rub tawm cov ntawv tshiab rau Warsaw thiab Ivangorod. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 15, Cov neeg Lavxias tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev muaj zog.
Cov tub rog Lavxias tiv thaiv German hmo tsaus ntuj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vistula
Kev npaj ntawm Lavxias cov lus txib rau kev tawm tsam tshiab thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm pab tub rog German-Austrian mus rau kev tiv thaiv
Lavxias cov lus txib siab, tau kawm txog kev thim tawm ntawm 2 pab tub rog mus rau Warsaw thiab kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov tub rog thib 4 thiab 5 ntawm sab laug ntawm Vistula, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12 txiav txim siab faib kev tswj hwm ntawm pab tub rog sib ntaus hauv Middle Vistula. ntawm Ivanov thiab Ruzsky. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj Ivanov tsis meej pem. Qhov tsis ua tiav ib ntus kom txav cov tub rog Lavxias dhau ntawm Vistula haunted tus dav dav. Ivanov yog tus txiv neej zoo thiab ntshai rov ua txoj hmoo ntawm General Samsonov, uas nws cov tub rog Hindenburg swb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia. Supreme Commander-in-Chief Nikolai Nikolaevich yuav tsum yog tus kheej tuaj rau hauv lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm kom nyob ntsiag to tus thawj coj ua ntej.
Yog tias Ivanov pom qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab poob kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tub rog, tom qab ntawd Ruzskoy tau tshem nws tus kheej los ntawm ib lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm. Nws txuas ntxiv txoj cai ntawm "rub daim pam" hla nws tus kheej, yam tsis tau ntsuas ntsuas txhawm rau hloov pauv ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 mus rau Warsaw thiab muab kev pabcuam rau pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 13, Stavka tau xaj kom kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab, ua rau muaj zog tawg ntawm sab laug ntawm Hindenburg. Lub luag haujlwm rau kev npaj thiab ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau muab rau tus thawj coj ntawm North-Western Front, General Ruzsky. Cov tub rog thib ob thiab thib 5, 1st cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm Novikov thiab cov tub rog ntawm Warsaw thaj chaw muaj zog (18 tus tub rog thiab 6 pab tub rog sib cais) tau raug xa mus raws nws cov lus txib. Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Ivanov, tau xa kev pabcuam tawm tsam. Cov tub rog thib 4 thiab 9 (23 tus tub rog thiab 5 pab tub rog sib cais) tau hla Vistula thiab tsim kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb hnub poob.
Nws tau npaj los tawm tsam cov tub rog German-Austrian thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18. Txawm li cas los xij, Ivanov, thaum kev coj ua ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb dhau mus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Ruzsky, pib ua si rau lub sijhawm thiab xav kom ncua sijhawm ntxiv rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm pab tub rog thiab lawv npaj rau kev tawm tsam. Raws li qhov kev tsis sib xws no, cov tub rog Lavxias tsis tau pib tawm tsam lawv tib lub sijhawm. Ua ntej, Scheidemann's 2nd Army tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam, ua raws los ntawm Plehve's 5th Army thiab Evert's 4th Army. Qhov kawg mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam yog Lechitsky's 9th Army. Yog li, cov tub rog thib ob thiab thib 5 tau pib ua phem rau lub Kaum Hli 18-20, thiab cov tub rog thib 4 thiab 9 thaum Lub Kaum Hli 21-23. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li 14 txog 19 Lub Kaum Hli, thaum cov tub rog Lavxias tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam thiab ua tiav kev sib sau ua ke, kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav txuas ntxiv mus ze Warsaw thiab Ivangorod.
Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob Nikolai Ivanov
Cov lus hais hauv German, txawm hais tias txhua txhua hnub nws tau pom meej meej tias kev poob ntawm pab tub rog 9 tau loj hlob thiab dhau los ua tsis tau li cas, thiab cov tub rog Lavxias tau nce zuj zus txhua hnub, tiv thaiv thiab tsis npaj siab yuav thim rov qab. Hindenburg tseem vam tias yuav kov yeej cov tub rog Lavxias, thiab hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tawv ncauj, khaws txoj kab Vistula, tiv thaiv cov neeg Lavxias hla hla tus dej.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 14, 2nd Siberian thiab 4th Army Corps tau thawb cov yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm Warsaw nrog kev tawm tsam zoo. Cov tub rog German tau thim rov qab rau txoj kab uas tau npaj ua ntej Blone - Piaseczno - Gura Kalwaria. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav hauv ntu no ntawm lub hauv ntej txuas ntxiv mus txog Lub Kaum Hli 19.
Txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 20, tag nrho 17th thiab 3rd Caucasian corps ntawm Evert cov tub rog tau pauv mus rau sab laug ntawm Vistula. Lawv tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab yuam Hindenburg kom tso tseg txoj kev sim ntxiv los tuav txoj haujlwm Kosenitz.
Tau qhov twg los: A. Kolenkovsky. Lub sij hawm maneuverable ntawm Thawj World Imperialist Tsov Rog Xyoo 1914.
Kev swb ntawm pab tub rog German-Austrian
Lub tswv yim pib ua haujlwm dhau mus rau pab tub rog Lavxias. Nws dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb rau German cov lus txib uas tawm tsam ntxiv hauv cov haujlwm dhau los tsis muaj phiaj xwm thiab txaus ntshai. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov tub rog Lavxias thiab coj Warsaw thiab Ivangorod. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom thim cov rog, rov sau lawv thiab sim ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam. Txij thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 19, Hindenburg pib thim cov tub rog. Mackensen pab pawg tau muab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, rhuav tshem txhua txoj hauv kev thaum tawm mus, tau txais kev foothold ntawm txoj kab Skierniewitsa-Rava-Nove-Miasto thiab ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Sab laug ntawm Mackensen pawg tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ob pawg tub rog sib cais thiab 8th Cavalry Division.
Hindenburg thiab Ludendorff vam tias Mackensen yuav tuav tus ciam teb tshiab tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam. Lub sijhawm no, Cov lus hais hauv German yog tsim los ua pawg neeg poob siab los ntawm Voyrsh corps, Tus Saib Xyuas thiab Pawg 11. Nws yuav tsum thim rov qab mus rau thaj tsam Byalobrzhegi, Radom thiab ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias ua ntej ntawm sab laug. Lub sijhawm no, 1st Austrian pab tub rog yuav tsum txav mus rau sab qaum teb nrog nws sab laug thiab npog kab ntawm Vistula River. Dunkl cov tub rog tau xaj kom coj Ivangorod. Nrog kev ua tiav ntawm cov xwm txheej, muaj lub sijhawm los txiav tawm kev sib txuas ntawm 2nd thiab 5th Lavxias pab tub rog los ntawm Vistula thiab rhuav tshem lawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev npaj ua siab tawv ntawm German cov lus txib tsis tau ua tiav. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nyob ze Warsaw tau hnyav zuj zus thiab tom qab Lub Kaum Hli 25 Mackensen tsuas tuaj yeem xav txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li khiav tau nws txhais taw hauv lub sijhawm. Kev tawm tsam Lavxias muaj zog pib ze Ivangorod. Sab laug tis ntawm Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog (1st, 5th thiab 10th corps) tau lig thiab tsis tau tswj kom npog qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm pab tub rog German thib 9. Tsis tau npaj txhij txog rau cov neeg Austrians, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias 4 thiab 9 tau hla tus dej. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 21 txog Lub Kaum Hli 26, cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian tau swb tag thiab pov rov qab mus rau sab qab teb hnub poob. 1st Army poob ntau dua 50% ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm raug tua, raug mob thiab raug ntes. Cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian tau thim rov qab rau Kielce, Opatov thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau Krakow.
Cov lus txib German tso tseg txhua qhov kev tawm tsam thiab pib thim cov tub rog mus rau Silesia. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 27, kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm cov tub rog German-Austrian tau pib. Muaj tseeb, nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau lwm qhov xwm txheej. Cov tub rog German tau tawg tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias mus rau kev hloov pauv tag nrho, txwv tsis pub cov neeg Lavxias tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab los ntawm kev rhuav tshem kev sib txuas lus. Cov seem ntawm pab tub rog Austrian tau thim tawm ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab nyob rau hauv kev ncaj qha los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog German-Austrian nyuaj. General Ludendorff tau sau tseg tias yuav muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai los ntawm kev swb ntawm pab tub rog thib 9: "Qhov xwm txheej no tseem ceeb heev … Tam sim no, nws zoo li muaj qee yam yuav tshwm sim uas tau tiv thaiv los ntawm peb kev xa mus rau Upper Silesia thiab kev tawm tsam uas ua raws: kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias zoo hauv Poznan, Silesia thiab Moravia ". Cov tub rog Lavxias los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 27 tsim kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb hnub poob. Lawv muaj txoj haujlwm los npaj rau kev ntxeem ntxaum ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes hla Upper Silesia. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, Cov tub rog Lavxias tau mus txog Kutnov - Tomashov - Sandomir kab, txog lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8 - ntawm Lask - Kosice - Dunajec tus kab. Cov tub rog German tau nyob ntawm kab Kalisz - Czestochow, cov tub rog Austro -Hungarian tau thim rov qab mus rau Krakow.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Lavxias tsis nkag mus rau tebchaws Yelemes. Austro-German cov lus txib tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog Austrian thib 3 ntawm Dej San. Ivanov tau thov kom qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev tawm tsam Austrians raug hloov pauv. Cov lus txib siab, tom qab qee qhov ua xyem xyav, pom zoo nrog kev xav ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob. Cov tub rog 9 thiab 4 tau rov xa mus rau Galicia. Pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog thib 2 thiab 5 tau nthuav dav heev, lawv poob lawv lub hwj chim tawm tsam. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov kev tso tseg ntawm kev nrhiav ntawm cov tub rog swb yeej. Cov tub rog German thib 9 tau raug cawm dim los ntawm kev swb, thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias.
Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias muaj lub laj thawj laj thawj vim li cas nws thiaj tsis tuaj yeem puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem pawg tub rog German thib 9. Peb yuav tsum them se rau German cov lus txib. Muaj peev xwm tshem tawm tau pom ua ntej, thiab tau npaj tseg cov foob pob loj. Rov qab mus rau sab hnub poob, cov tub rog German tau rhuav tshem tsis yog tsuas yog txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, tab sis tseem yog txoj kev loj, thiab tsis yog tsuas yog choj thiab txoj kev sib tshuam, tab sis txoj kev nws tus kheej. Nws tau tshwm sim uas rau ob peb mais kev tau raug khawb los ntawm kev tawg. Qhov no zoo heev cuam tshuam kev txav chaw ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias kev tsim ntawm Lavxias yog 150 km deb ntawm lawv lub hauv paus tom qab, tsis muaj zaub mov, zaub mov thiab mos txwv pib muaj zog. Cov tub rog Lavxias tuaj yeem nyob yam tsis muaj chav ua noj, tab sis txawm tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam yam tsis muaj lub plhaub, cov mos txwv thiab rusks. Qhov tseem ceeb no tseem qhia txog lub koom haum tsis zoo nyob rau ib feem ntawm cov lus txib, tsis muaj peev xwm los teeb tsa lub zog loj hauv kev nrhiav tus yeeb ncuab swb.
Yog li, cov tub rog German tau tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Hindenburg tau hloov cov tub rog mus rau thaj chaw Thorn thiab pib npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm sab xis ntawm Pab Pawg Thib Ob (yav tom ntej Lodz kev ua haujlwm). Cov lus txib German tau tso tseg txhua qhov kev liam rau kev swb ntawm Austrians. Hauv Galicia, pab tub rog Austro-Hungarian tau thim rov qab. Cov seem ntawm thawj pab tub rog tau thim rov qab mus rau Krakow, raws li nws txoj kev swb, pawg tub rog Austrian thib 4 tau thim tawm ntawm txoj kab ntawm Dej San, tom qab ntawd cov tub rog thib 3 thiab thib 2. Cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian thim rov qab rau txoj kab Carpathian zaum ob.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Kev ua haujlwm hauv Warsaw-Ivangorod tau dhau los ua ib qho haujlwm loj tshaj ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib (nws koom nrog 6 pab tub rog thiab ntau qhov sib cais loj, muaj txog 900 txhiab tus neeg). Raws li phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob sab (Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob), nws tau dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim tshiab hauv kev ua tsov rog, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias lub tswv yim tub rog.
Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua lub zog hloov pauv loj ntawm cov tub rog loj los ntawm Galicia mus rau Middle Vistula thiab los ntawm Narew River mus rau Warsaw, tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German-Austrian thiab kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab hauv kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm German cov lus txib rau kev tawm tsam tua cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thiab kev ntes Ivangorod thiab Warsaw raug rhuav tshem. 9th German thiab 1st Austrian pab tub rog raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Cov tub rog Lavxias hauv kev ua haujlwm no tau qhia lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo thiab kev coj noj coj ua, tsis yog tsuas yog Austro-Hungarian, tab sis kuj yog cov tub rog German, tshem tawm cov dab neeg ntawm lawv qhov kev sib ntaus tshwj xeeb.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tsis tau zoo nyob hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev hais kom ua thiab kev tswj hwm nyob rau theem ntawm Supreme Command - pem hauv ntej, kev ua yuam kev ntawm tus thawj coj hauv ntej Ivanov thiab Ruzsky, lub koom haum tsis zoo ntawm kev muab khoom ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias (yuam kev ntawm kev ua tsov rog ua ntej lub sijhawm cuam tshuam) tsis tso cai rau lawv kom ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua thiab pib ua kev tawm tsam ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia qhov tsis saib xyuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm: Cov neeg German tau cuam tshuam tag nrho cov xov tooj cua Lavxias, uas ua rau German hais kom nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej no.
Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov ua tsis tau zoo hauv kev tswj hwm tus yeeb ncuab. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm German cov lus txib tau txawv los ntawm kev tawm tsam, ua rau lawv tus kheej ntau dhau thiab tsis suav nrog lwm tus neeg lub peev xwm. Muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj ntawm German thiab Austrian hais kom ua. Tsis muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm cov phoojywg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Thaum cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua hnyav nyob ze Warsaw thiab Ivangorod, cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian tsis tau qhia ib yam haujlwm ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm San thiab ntawm Upper Vistula. Thaum cov neeg German swb thiab pib thim rov qab, Hindenburg tau nthuav tawm 1st Austrian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam, ntuav nws rau Ivangorod. Cov neeg Austrians xav tau kev pab los ntawm cov neeg German, Hindenburg lub sijhawm ntawd tau sim tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias kom deb li deb tau, tawm hauv Austro-Hungarian cov neeg nyob ib leeg. Cov lus txib German kuj tau ua yuam kev nyob rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab lawv lub peev xwm sib ntaus. Kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj zog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nyob ze Warsaw thiab Ivangorod ua rau cov tub rog German thiab cov thawj coj xav tsis thoob.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm no, thaum lub sijhawm yuav luag ob lub hlis ntawm kev npaj thiab chav kawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua txhua qhov kev mloog ntawm Austro-German thiab Lavxias cov lus txib tau nyiam rau nws, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau dhau los ua qhov zoo dua rau cov phooj ywg. Cov lus txib German tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv ib tus tub rog los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus rau Sab Hnub Poob.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Ivangorod ib leeg, 1st Austrian pab tub rog poob ntau dua 50% ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm - txog 80 txhiab tus neeg. Cov neeg German kwv yees lawv poob ntawm 20 txhiab tus tib neeg. Pom tseeb, qhov no yog qhov txo qis. Cov phoojywg tau poob txog 120-150 txhiab tus neeg hauv Warsaw-Ivangorod kev ua haujlwm. Poob ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias - txog 65 txhiab tus neeg.
Cov tub rog Lavxias hauv Warsaw xyoo 1914
