Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War

Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War
Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War

Video: Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War

Video: Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War
Video: Qhov Sawv ntawm Lub Teb Chaws Askiv Txhawb Noob Neej Txoj Kev Loj Hlob Tuaj 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Cov khaub ncaws hnav ib txwm nthuav. Niaj hnub no peb yuav paub txog cov khaub ncaws ntawm ob tog mus rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov tub rog tsis sib xws - kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1936-1939. hauv Spain, qhov twg cov neeg hauv tebchaws uas sawv los rau kev khaws cia ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig Spanish thiab cov koom pheej uas xav ua tus coj lub tebchaws raws txoj kev ntawm kev txhim kho kev ywj pheej tuaj ua ke.

Keeb kwm txiav txim siab tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb sab hauv no tau dhau los ua kev hnav khaub ncaws rau Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Lwm tus txawm ntseeg tias nws tau nyob hauv Spain uas nws tau pib, vim tias yog tias cov neeg hauv tebchaws thiab lawv cov phoojywg Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis tsis tau yeej qhov ntawd, qhov kawg yuav tsis txiav txim siab mus ua rog thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1939.

Lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam yuav tau ntxiv los ntawm cov lus Askiv keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus nthuav no, lossis theej, qee qhov me me ntawm nws: ntau phau ntawv los ntawm lub tsev tshaj lij Askiv tshaj tawm Askiv lub tsev Osprey. Hauv Lavxias, tej zaum, nws yuav zoo tshaj los nyeem nqe lus no "Spanish Diary" los ntawm M. Koltsov, "In Memory of Catalonia" los ntawm J. Orwell thiab "Rau Leej Twg Tswb Hu" los ntawm E. Hemingway. Txawm li cas los xij, Hemingway yuav tsum tso npe rau ib txoj haujlwm ntxiv: nws ua si "The Fifth Column".

Yog li cov tub rog uas tawm tsam Spain xyoo 1936 hnav li cas?

Lub sijhawm ntawd, Spanish National Army tau hnav lub tsho ntsuab ntsuab. Cov tub ceev xwm hnav lub tsho nrog plaub lub hnab (sab saum toj nrog pleat) thiab lub tsho poj niam uas muaj xim zoo ib yam lossis xim daj. Cov tswv cuab - lub tsho luv luv nrog ob lub hnab tshos thiab lub ris ncaj lossis lub tsho nrog lub khawm khawm los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Cov tub ceev xwm muaj khau ua los ntawm cov tawv dub lossis xim av nrog khau, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem hnav cov khau khau siab. Nrog cov khau uas tsis muaj lub siab siab, nws tau tso cai rau hnav cov leggings-cov khaub ncaws sib txawv ntawm cov xim zoo ib yam los yog khaki-xim cua daj cua dub thiab cov thom khwm dawb qhwv hauv cov menyuam. Lub ris ntawm cov tub rog, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau tom teb, yuav tsum tau ntsaws rau hauv thom khwm. Zoo, tau kawg, khau ntawm tus kheej tau me ntsis nruj dua li ntawm lawv cov tub ceev xwm. Feem ntau, cov cuab yeej siv ntawm pab tub rog Spanish zoo ib yam li Fab Kis, suav nrog kev txiav qee yam ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Cov cim ntawm ceg ntawm kev pabcuam tau muab xaws rau ntawm cov ces kaum ntse ntawm lub dab tshos, hnav rau ntawm lub kaus mom ntawm lub kaus mom, ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm cov tsho loj. Pegs ntawm lub kaus mom kuj tau ua haujlwm los tso cov npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.

Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War
Berets, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho: khaub ncaws ntawm Spanish Civil War
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Cov neeg tshwj xeeb thiab cov tub ceev xwm hnav lub kaus mom siab nrog cov tassel nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, txiav ua ke ntawm cov nqaws thiab cov ntug ntawm lub tes tsho nrog cov kav dej. Ntxiv mus, ntawm tus tub ceev xwm lub kaus mom, qhov ntug yog kub. Cov xim ntawm tassel kuj tseem ceeb. Cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb thiab tsis yog cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov tub rog muaj liab liab, tab sis vim qee qhov hauv kev dav hlau lawv tau ntsuab. Cov neeg tsav dav hlau caval tau muab cov nyiaj txiav thiab cov cim. Cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog Spanish Phalanx hnav lub kaus mom xiav.

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Cov tub rog ntawm pab pawg "Requet" (tshwj xeeb yog cov tub rog los ntawm Navarre) yog cov pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pab tub rog hauv tebchaws. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov khaub ncaws yog lub beret liab nrog kub tassel. Ntau tus neeg tua rog ntawm sab laug ntawm lub hauv siab hnav "Lub plawv ntawm Yexus" thaj, ib puag ncig uas lawv niam, cov viv ncaus lossis tus poj niam feem ntau tau muab paj ntaub thov rau Vajtswv los tiv thaiv lawv tus hlub: "¡Detente! El Corazón de Jesús está conmigo! " - “Tsum tsum! (thov rov hais dua rau tus yeeb ncuab mos txwv. - Tus sau) Thov kom Yexus lub siab nyob nrog kuv! " Tias yog vim li cas cov kab no thiaj li raug hu ua "detente". Lawv tau ua paj ntaub loj los ntawm cov poj niam daim ntawv teev npe koom haum ntawm cov neeg nyiam tebchaws. Ntawm lub tes tsho sab laug, cov neeg sib tw ntawm Requet tseem hnav lub paj ntoo Burgundy, uas yog lub cim ntawm Carlist txav mus los, thiab lawv cov tub ceev xwm, Cov Neeg Xav Tau, hnav cov paj dawb dawb ntawm lub dab tshos, uas yog lub cim ntawm Tsev Bourbons.

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Cov Neeg Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws ntawm Cov Tub Rog Spanish tseem muaj nws tus kheej cov khaub ncaws, uas hnav lub ntsej muag xim ntsuab-ntsuab ntawm cov tub rog dav dav, nrog lub cim ntawm cov tub rog nrog lub kaus mom tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm hla muskets, crossbows thiab halberds.

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Tab sis cov neeg Muslim ntawm Moroccans, Mauritians thiab lwm tus uas nyob hauv North Africa tau hnav cov khaub ncaws zoo ib yam hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm haiv neeg Arab kev hnav khaub ncaws. Tag nrho cov no, suav nrog cov cim ntawm lub cim, zoo li cov tub rog niaj hnub hnav. Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus neeg Muslim Muslim sib txuas feem ntau yog txoj phuam.

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Feem ntau, muaj cov cim ci ntsa iab txaus thiab kab txaij ntawm Spanish cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg nyiam tebchaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov paj liab liab ntawm qhov xav tau tau tawm tsam, nrog kub thiab nyiaj tassels, uas tuaj yeem dav, zoo li pancakes, thiab me me, zoo nkauj.

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Yog li, ntev (los ntawm lub luj tshib mus rau lub xub pwg), nrog rau lub kaum sab xis, nqaim chevron ua los ntawm braid liab lossis ntsuab xim txhais tau tias "muag piv txwv piv txwv" - hauv peb lub tswv yim ib tus neeg. Ib txoj hlua liab liab peb zaug (ntsuab hauv dav hlau), xaws obliquely saum lub tes tsho ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis, qhia tias yog cabo - corporal. Tus tub ceev xwm - sarhento, lub galloons twb yog kub lossis nyiaj: kub hauv cov tub rog thiab nyiaj hauv cov tub rog. Brihada (tus tub ceev xwm laus lossis tus tub rog loj, tus tub rog loj) ntawm lub tes lossis ntawm nws lub hauv siab, ntxiv rau ntawm nws lub hau ntawm sab, hnav ob kab ntsug kab uas ua los ntawm galloon.

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Ntawm berets, lawv kuj hnav cov ntawv cim, ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab sab, uas nyob ntawm qeb duas. Cov tub ceev xwm lub hnub qub ntawm lub kaus mom tau hnav nyob rau pem hauv ntej hauv qab tassel.

Cov tub ceev xwm lub hnub qub tau xaws rau hauv qab ntawm lub tes tsho, ib qho ntawm cov xim nrov plig plawg nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub hauv siab, saum lub hnab tshos, thiab tseem nyob ntawm lub tsho, lub tsho, lossis lub tsho tshaj sab hauv tib qhov chaw.

Cov xim liab ntawm lub qhov rooj sib tham rau cov tub rog, ntsuab yog rau cov tub rog phom loj, thiab xiav rau cov tub rog. Lub ntsej muag liab thiab dub sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tua phom, xim liab tsaus - cov tub rog ua haujlwm, daj - txhais tau tias yog cov kws kho mob ua tub rog, thiab dub - tankers. Tab sis cov kws tsav dav hlau tau txiav ntsuab rau ntawm lawv lub kaus mom, tab sis cov hnub qub lapel thiab tis tau xaws ntawm lub nrov plig plawg.

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Cov tub ceev xwm tau xaiv los ntawm lub hnub qub: ib lub hnub qub kub lossis nyiaj rau lub hnub qub saum lub cuff tau muab rau Alferes, tus thawj tub rog. Tus neeg xaum tsev (tus tub ceev xwm) twb muaj ob lub hnub qub, tus thawj tub rog muaj peb tus, teem rau hauv daim duab peb sab. Tus thawj coj loj muaj lub hnub qub yim-lub ntsej muag loj ntawm lub cuff; tenente koronel (tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm) - ob lub hnub qub; Coronel, Colonel, peb Druses nyob ib leeg tom ib kab. Tus General de Brihada hnav lub hnub qub plaub lub ntsej muag ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm saber thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, paj ntaub kub. Ob lub hnub qub me me ntawm ob sab ntawm tib lub cim yuav tsum yog General de Davision. Tsis tas li, cov cim no tau nyob ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub dab tshos, thiab ntawm lub hau lawv tau txav mus rau sab laug.

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Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, tsis txhob siv lub tsho loj thiab tsho loj Fabkis txoj, ib tus tuaj yeem hnav lub tsho grey-ntsuab lossis beige nrog lub hauv siab ntev kom haum raws qib. Cov tsho tawv feem ntau tau muab rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Lub kaus mom hlau muaj lub dome hemispherical, lub taub hau tsim thiab visor, uas zoo ib yam li lub kaus mom hlau German ntawm xyoo 1916-1918 tus qauv. Siv hauv pab tub rog Spanish thiab Adrian cov kaus mom Fab Kis. Ntawm lub kaus mom hlau, lub cim ntawm ceg ntoo ntawm cov tub rog tau thov ua ntej nrog lub stencil.

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Cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau mob heev rau cov Republicans. Yog li ntawd, lawv, muaj ntau lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm tes, "riveted" xws li cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hauv tsev uas muaj ntau. Cov ntawv luv ntawm cov laug cam txhais cov no lossis cov koom haum lag luam Spanish lossis cov koom haum. Piv txwv li: UHP, Union of Proletarian Brothers.

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Vim qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm pab tub rog tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam, thiab ib feem tseem muaj kev ntseeg siab rau cov koom pheej, hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv zej zog, cov neeg sib cav nyuaj nyuaj rau qhov sib txawv. Tshwj tsis yog ib feem ntawm "Spanish Phalanx" thiab "Requet" faib tau tawm tsam nrog lawv lub tsho xiav, lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho liab liab, thiab feem ntau cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub rog zoo ib yam. Koj yuav tsum sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 31, 1936, cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub hnav thiab cov ntawv cim tau qhia hauv cov tub rog koom pheej.

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