Cia koj cov haujlwm ua raws li koj xav nco txog lawv thaum kawg ntawm lub neej.
Marcus Aurelius, tus huab tais Roman
Ancient kev vam meej. Kev txaus siab rau kev vam meej puag thaum ub yeej ib txwm muaj siab heev. Cov kev vam meej ntawm kev vam meej uas tau muaj ua ntej nws, uas yog, Lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze, tej zaum tseem yuav piv tau nrog nws, tab sis lawv tsis tau tso ib daim ntawv sau tseg rau peb. Nws qhov kev tsim tsis tham nrog lawv, "txhua qhov pov thawj", raws li cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no yuav hais, tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Tsis yog li keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nws cov monuments hauv pob zeb, cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau, hauv kub thiab nyiaj, ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tooj liab, thiab txawm tias iav tawg tau los rau peb; cov ntawv sau kuj tau nqis los rau peb. Ua rau ntawm pob zeb thiab av nplaum, papyrus thiab parchment. Lawv txhua tus tham txog ntau yam sib txawv, thiab muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv sau ntawm Roman tus huab tais Marcus Aurelius tau nqis los rau peb. Thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev uas nws tau hais tias: "Yog tias lawv yog phau ntawv qhia ntawm txhua tus nom thiab txhua tus kav, lub ntiaj teb yuav txawv!" Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntawv sau los ntawm lub sijhawm no ntxiv qhov pom thiab khaws cia cov khoom cuav, thiab lawv pib tham nrog peb, uas yog, lawv cov pov thawj tseem ceeb dua li cov megaliths ntsiag to ntawm yav dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau ntau phau ntawv, cov duab puab thiab cov duab hauv qab tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm, saib qhov uas peb tuaj yeem xav txog tus kheej, hais tias, qhov pom ntawm tib cov tub rog Loos thaum ua tsov rog hauv Rome nrog pab pawg ntawm cov neeg Marcomanians uas ua phem. Lub monument hauv nqe lus nug hu ua kem ntawm Marcus Aurelius. Thiab qhov ntawd tsuas yog hais txog nws peb yuav qhia koj hnub no.
Cia peb pib nrog yam monument nws yog dab tsi. nws nyob qhov twg, nws yog dab tsi. Yog li, Kab ntawv ntawm Marcus Aurelius yog kab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Doric hom uas sawv hauv Loos ntawm Piazza Colonna, thiab lub xwmfab no muaj npe tom qab nws. Nws tau tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm 176 thiab 192 xyoo, ua lub cim rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Marcomanian tsov rog. Nws tsab ntawv yog lub npe nto moo ntawm Emperor Trajan. Nws tau paub tias Marcus Aurelius nyob hauv 121-180 AD, thiab txiav txim los ntawm 161 txog 180 AD. Ntawd yog, lawv pib tsim nws thaum lub sijhawm huab tais lub neej thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nrog nws pom zoo, tab sis ua tiav 12 xyoo tom qab nws tuag. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub monument no xav tau kev siv zog ntau, sijhawm thiab siv nyiaj. Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho saum npoo ntawm kab lus, zoo li hauv Trajan's Column, tau npog nrog cov lus piav qhia hauv qab qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Marcomanian War. Thiab ua rau lawv txhua tus yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhov nyuaj thiab ntev.
Qhov siab ntawm kab ntawv yog 29.6 m, qhov siab ntawm tus ncej yog 10 m. Tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub monument no yog 41.95 m, tab sis dhau sijhawm 3 meters los ntawm nws lub hauv paus tom qab kev kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1589 ua rau qis dua hauv qab ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov ncej ncej yog ua los ntawm cov nplais ntawm Carrara marble (28 ntu) nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3.7 meters. Ib yam li Trajan kab ntawv, Marcus Aurelius kab ntawv tau hollow sab hauv thiab muaj cov kauv staircase, uas muaj txog 190-200 cov kauj ruam uas ua rau nws sab saum toj. Ntawm lub xwmfab platform muaj ib zaug sawv ib qho duab puab ntawm Marcus Aurelius nws tus kheej. Tus ntaiv tau teeb pom kev los ntawm lub qhov rais me me ntsug.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tau kawg, yog nws qhov kev pab daws teeb meem. Ntxiv mus, txhua yam uas tau piav qhia ntawm lawv yog qhov sib txawv heev los ntawm kev nyem rau ntawm Trajan kab ntawv. Qhov sib txawv feem ntau hauv kev qhia ntau dua. Kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov kem ntawm Marcus Aurelius yog qhov pom tau ntau dua, txij li cov pob zeb txiav ntawm no tau ua tob dua li ntawm Trajan kab ntawv, qhov twg cov duab zoo nkauj. Ib qho ntxiv, ntawm no lub taub hau ntawm cov duab tau nthuav dav me ntsis, uas, pom tseeb, tau xub xeeb xeeb rau qhov tseeb dua hauv kev xa cov ntsej muag. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, peb pom tib lub sijhawm txo qis hauv qib kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khaub ncaws kom ntxaws, thiab riam phom ntawm cov cim. Muaj tseeb, nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab cov neeg txua ntoo, vim tias muaj ntau txhiab tus duab piav qhia ntawm kab ntawv!
Kev khaws cia ntawm cov duab ntawm kab ntawv no yog qee yam tsis zoo dua li ntawm Trajan kab ntawv, tab sis vim tias cov duab kos ntawm no tob dua, uas yog, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev pab txhawb siab, lawv ua rau muaj kev xav zoo dua. Ntawd yog, Trajan kab ntawv zoo li du dua, thiab Aurelius kab ntawv - muaj npe ntau dua, thiab yog li nws yog qhov tseeb.
Qhov txaus siab, nyob rau Nruab Nrab Hnub Nyoog, nce ntaiv mus rau sab saum toj ntawm kab ntawv yog qhov kev lom zem nrov uas txoj cai tau txais tus nqi nkag rau nws tau muab tso rau kev muag khoom txhua xyoo hauv Rome. Lub sijhawm dhau los, uas yog los ntawm xyoo pua 16th, tus pej thuam ntawm Marcus Aurelius twb ploj lawm, thiab xyoo 1589 Pope Sixtus V txiav txim siab los kho kab rov tav. Qhov no tau tso siab rau tus kws kes duab vajtse Domenico Fontana, uas tau txiav txim siab los tsa cov duab puab ntawm Xibhwb Povlauj rau nws, pleev rau ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj uas puas tsuaj (txog qhov uas sau cov ntawv sau rau ntawm tus ncej), tab sis nws tau ua yuam kev thiab hu ua monument "Antonin Pius's Kem".
Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob kab ntawv no, Trajan thiab Aurelius, tsuas yog yim caum xyoo, tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog kev hloov pauv mus rau kev pab siab yog qhov ua rau pom, tab sis kuj yog cov txuj ci zoo nkauj. Yog tias koj saib ze, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntawm kab ntawm Marcus Aurelius tau pom tsawg dua ua ntej tshaj ntawm kab ntawm Trajan. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov qauv ntawm kem ntawm Marcus Aurelius ze rau lub npe nrov Arch ntawm Constantine Great uas ntau dua, dua, mus rau kab ntawm Trajan. Kev lom zem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb tias kev ua tub rog ntawm Roman cov tub rog, tam sim no suav nrog cov tub rog, thiab tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog Loos, thaum lub sijhawm Marcus Aurelius tau tso tseg, uas tau pom hauv lawv cov duab ntawm kab ntawv. Ntawd yog, nws ntseeg tau tias ob qho ntawm Arch of Constantine thiab kab lus ntawm Marcus Aurelius ua rau peb pom kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev kos duab thaum ub, ua yeeb yam rau nws cov cim, rau kev kos duab uas yooj yim dua, muaj tiag, ntseeg. Thiab qhov no yog, tau kawg, tseem yog qhov pib, uas tom qab tau txais nws txoj kev txhim kho tag nrho.
Zoo, raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua, peb tuaj yeem hais cov hauv qab no txog lawv: hauv ntu qis ntawm kab ntawv peb pom kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Loos nrog pab pawg Germanic, thiab nyob rau sab saud lawv twb tau tawm tsam Sarmatians. Ib zaug ntxiv, nws pom tseeb tias hauv cov duab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Roman legions, uas twb tau suav nrog feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog, thaum lub sijhawm Marcus Aurelius, lawv lub siab tawv pib tsis tuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg txawj ntse zoo li muaj kev khuv leej ntau dua nrog cov neeg German raug ntaus: cov uas muaj riam phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv lawv txhais tes tawm tsam cov legionaires, raug kaw hauv cov cuab yeej phom thiab saw xa ntawv, thiab lawv hlawv lawv lub tsev thiab cov teb thiab coj poj niam mus ua qhev. Feem ntau, peb tsis pom cov tub sab hauv German thiab Sarmatians, tab sis cov neeg Loos tshwm sim zoo li ntawm kab ntawv no.
Cov duab sib cais los ntawm kab ntawv tau rov siv dua los ua piv txwv rau phau ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Rome. Tab sis ntawm no nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim lub monument no: qhov kawg ntawm II xyoo pua AD, thiab, raws li, tsuas yog hais txog cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws tuaj yeem qhia rau peb!
Twb tau nyob rau tiam 17th caug xyoo, cov duab kos tau raug tsim los ntawm cov kab hauv qab ntawm cov kem, cov sau phau ntawv uas yog tus neeg pleev xim nto moo thiab tus qub qub Bellori, Giovanni Pietro (1613-1696) thiab Bartoli, Pietro Santi (1635-1700). Muaj phau ntawv uas paub zoo "Column of Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome" luam tawm los ntawm cov sau phau ntawv no hauv 1704, cov duab uas tam sim no tau raug digitized los ntawm Emory University thiab Robert W. Woodruff Library, ua tsaug uas lawv tuaj yeem siv tau tam sim no tsis tau hais txog tsab ntawv qub no.
