Cov tub rog tsis tau txaus siab tam sim ntawd lub luag haujlwm ntawm sniping - cim ntawm ib tus neeg tua ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Ntxiv mus, Kev Tsov Rog Hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev nthuav tawm hom kev tua no.
Peb taug kev mus rau Richmond nrog phab ntsa xiav tsaus
Peb nqa kab txaij thiab cov hnub qub nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm peb, John Brown lub cev dag nyob hauv av
Tab sis nws tus ntsuj plig hu peb mus ua rog!
Hwjchim ci ntsa iab, Hallelujah hwjchim ci ntsa iab!
Hwjchim ci ntsa iab, Hallelujah hwjchim ci ntsa iab!
Hwjchim ci ntsa iab, Hallelujah hwjchim ci ntsa iab!
Tab sis tus ntsuj plig hu peb mus ua rog!
(Sib ntaus sib tua Anthem ntawm Koom pheej, Tebchaws Asmeskas, 1861)
Riam phom ntawm Tsov Rog Zaum Ob. Tom qab tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Colt rab phom rab phom, muaj ntau qhov kev thov los tham txog cov snipers uas tau ua tub rog nrog cov no (thiab lwm yam) phom sniper thaum Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob. Peb ua tiav lawv qhov kev thov …
Yuav tsum tau cov xub ntse
Thiab nws tau tshwm sim uas twb muaj nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1861, New York Post tshaj tawm tias Colonel Hiram Berdan tau caw lub tebchaws cov kws tua phom zoo tshaj plaws los koom nrog nws cov tub ceev xwm.
Snipers, ntawv xov xwm sau, yog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg me nyob deb li ntawm 700 yards (640 m) los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, tua ib zaug hauv ib feeb thiab raug lub hom phiaj, ua rau cov yeeb ncuab muaj teeb meem ntau. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm snipers yog cov yeeb ncuab tub ceev xwm, kev puas tsuaj uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau nws qib.
Kev xaiv rau chav tsev yog qhov nyuaj heev. Thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog, tau kawg, muaj peev xwm tua kom raug. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj ntau tus neeg tua phom li no, yog li lawv tau nrhiav neeg thoob plaws lub tebchaws, thiab tsis nyob hauv ib lub xeev twg. Txhawm rau nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog, tus neeg sib tw tau tua 10 txhaj tshuaj thiab los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 yards nws yuav tsum tau muab txhua lub mos txwv nyob hauv ib lub voj voog uas muaj txoj kab uas hla 5 ntiv, thiab nws yuav tsum tau tua los ntawm rab phom nrog pom tsis tu ncua! Ua tsis tiav, plam - koj tsis koom nrog snipers. Tab sis cov uas cuv npe hauv chav tsev tau txais riam phom tshwj xeeb uas tau ua rau lawv, cov nyiaj hli zoo thiab … qhov txawv txawv zoo li lub ntsej muag ntsuab tsaus nti, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm txhua tus tub rog ntawm Union pab tub rog hnav khaub ncaws xiav tsaus.
Txog thaum Lub Rau Hli 1861, kev tsim Berdan cov tub ceev xwm tau ua tiav, thiab nws tau npaj mus rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov txaus siab, thaum xub thawj, nws cov neeg tua phom tau siv phom Colt rab phom. Thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias muaj lub koob npe tsis zoo txog lawv, lawv hais tias, lawv nquag "cuam hluav taws". Tab sis nws yog Berdan uas tau ua pov thawj rau nws cov neeg tua phom tias yog tias koj thauj khoom raug, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis txhob hnov qab npog qhov chaw ib puag ncig cov mos txwv nrog "rab phom rog", tom qab ntawd tsis muaj dab tsi phem tshwm sim rau lawv. Tab sis tsis muaj cov caj npab me nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd muaj qhov hluav taws kub siab heev, thiab nws tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg tua phom. Cov phom tau nruab nrog lub tsom iav qhov muag ntawm yuav luag tib yam li lawv cov thoob, tab sis qhov no yog cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias zoo dua li lwm tus, paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phiaj tua zoo nyob hauv tshav rog, Hiram Berdan tau sim los ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev kom zam nws tus kheej kev koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus. Nws tau mus txog qhov uas nws ob zaug tau mus rau lub tsev hais plaub vim nws tus cwj pwm thiab vim li ntawd raug yuam kom tawm haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tau ua nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua tsov rog no, thiab txawm tias pom tau zoo heev.
Ntxiv ntau
Qhov tseeb yog qhov ua tiav ntawm nws cov tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm pab tub rog, ib txwm coj mus rau tsim ntawm kaum ntau yam xws li cov tub rog, hnav khaub ncaws hnav ntsuab. Feem ntau, cov neeg tua phom tau khaws cia ntawm qhov hais kom ua, uas ua rau nws ua tau, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kom xa lawv mus rau ntawd - lawv tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau qhov hluav taws kub tau xav tau. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv siv nyob rau hauv qhov heev ntug ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub txhob nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau nws los yog lwm siab tshaj plaws losses nyob rau hauv nws ua ntej ib tug counterattack los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws pab tub rog. Lawv kuj tau ua kev soj qab xyuas tom qab kab yeeb ncuab.
Thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo 1862, lawv txoj kev lag luam, txawm hais tias tus thawj coj tsis muaj peev xwm, yog thawj tus tub rog ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb kom muab nws cov tub rog nrog rab phom Sharps, uas tau thauj los ntawm lub hauv siab nrog daim ntawv cartridges thiab muaj rau lub sijhawm ntawd ob qho tib si tus nqi hluav taws thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tsis tshua muaj neeg siab. Cov phom rau snipers tau nruab nrog ob hom kev pom: tib lub qhov muag pom kev zoo ib yam li ntawm Colt rab phom rab phom, tab sis kuj yooj yim dua, kho tau lub ntsej muag diopter pom, txawm li cas los xij tso cai rau kev tua ncaj ncees ntawm qhov deb.
Thiab dab tsi yog qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias nws yog neeg Asmeskas uas, txawm tias ua ntej Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, yog cov pioneer hauv kev siv qhov muag pom kev. Lawv tau teeb tsa, piv txwv li, ntawm lub npe nrov "phom los ntawm Kentucky" tus qauv 1812, los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 165 m tsoo lub kaum plaub nrog ib sab ntawm 28 mm nrog tsib qhov kev txhaj tshuaj! Zoo, tom qab ntawd lawv feem ntau raug tua, tab sis tam sim no tseem tsis tau siv riam phom ua tub rog.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ib tus neeg tua phom txuas ntxiv siv rab phom phom sib tw (ncaws pob), feem ntau tau xaj thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntxiv.
"Cov piv txwv tsis zoo" yog kis tau
Ua raws li tus piv txwv ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb, cov neeg tua phom snipers tau qhia nyob rau hauv pab tub rog Confederate, thiab lawv kuj tseem siv cov phom sib tw zoo uas yuav tau sib tw ua ntej tsov rog. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb rab phom zoo li no, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tua phom sab qab teb tau siv rab phom Askiv Enfield nrog lub khoos phis tawj kho qhov muag pom (tsom pom tsom iav hauv pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb yog qhov tshwj xeeb tsis tshua muaj neeg pom). Txawm li cas los xij, txij li ntawm cov neeg snipers sab qab teb muaj ntau tus neeg yos hav zoov uas yog cov tua zoo tshaj plaws, lawv txawm tias raug rho tawm los ntawm cov phom zoo ib yam thiab nrog rau qhov pom kev zoo tshaj plaws uas lawv tsoo cov tub ceev xwm ntawm sab qaum teb mus txog rau cov dav hlau uas nyob deb deb.
Txawm li cas los xij, Confederate snipers muaj lawv tus kheej qhov riam phom tshwj xeeb - Whitworth thiab Kerr phom sniper. Lub phom Kerr, txawm li cas los xij, tsis txawv ntau ntawm Enfield. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, Whitworth rab phom, zoo li nws rab phom, yog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua neeg. Nws lub thoob tau txiav ntau yam, tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm nws rov qab rau xyoo 1854, thiab nrog nws, nws rab phom, ua ntej, muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntau dua, txij li lub mos txwv tau yooj yim xa nrog ramrod txhawm rau sau cov hmoov (nws tsis xav tau hammered muaj!), Thiab qhov thib ob, kev sib tsoo ntawm cov mos txwv cylindrical thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm yog txaus los sau tag nrho cov ces kaum ntawm nws lub thoob hexagonal thiab xyuas kom zoo obturation.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1857 thiab 1865, 13,400 Whitworth phom tau tsim, ntawm uas 5,400 tau xaus rau hauv Tub Rog Askiv thiab Tub Rog, thiab 200 tau los ntawm Confederation, txawm tias qhov phom ntawd raug nqi $ 96! Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg nyob sab qab teb thiab qhov no yog rau kev zoo siab, "tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg tawg ntawm qhov thaiv" (nco qab tsis nco qab Reth Butler los ntawm "Gone with the Wind") yuav tsum thauj cov riam phom no mus rau qhov ntswg ntawm cov neeg sab qaum teb, pheej hmoo lawv txoj kev ywj pheej, lawv lub nkoj, thiab txawm tias lawv lub neej. Yog li cov neeg nyob sab qab teb kuj tseem muaj "phom loj", thiab lawv siv lawv nrog kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, nruab nrog tsuas yog cov tua zoo tshaj plaws nrog lawv!
Kev ua tau zoo uas tsis muaj leej twg xav tau
Tus lej piv txwv uas paub rau peb ua tim khawv tias cov neeg tua phom ntawm Sab Qaum Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb tau ua haujlwm zoo li cas hauv Tsov Rog Zaum Ob. Yog li, thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Pee Ridge hauv Arkansas thaum Lub Peb Hlis 7, 1862, tus neeg tua phom Wild West nto moo (tus tua phom - "tus tua phom", tus tswv ntawm nws cov khoom siv tes ua) Mad Bill Hickok tua 36 tus tub ceev xwm nyob rau plaub teev los ntawm kev tua neeg. General McCulloch, txaus ntshai heev los ntawm kev poob, xaj kom nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem tus neeg tua phom no ntawm txhua tus nqi. Thiab txhua yam tau xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias Hickok muaj peev xwm tua tus dav dav no nws tus kheej, tab sis, tau kawg, cov neeg nyob sab qab teb tsis tuaj yeem ntes nws!
Thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gettysburg thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, 1863, tus neeg tua phom ntawm tsoomfwv tseem hwv nrog lub hom phiaj tua kom tiav nrog Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Qab Teb, John Reynolds, tom qab uas Confederates rov qab los ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm thiab txawm tias tawm hauv lub nroog!
Raws li, thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 19, 1863, nyob ze ntawm Chickamauga, tus neeg tua phom Confederate los ntawm rab phom Whitworth raug mob tuag rau General ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Rog Rog William Little, uas … nres qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov koog uas tau tso cai rau nws cov lus txib!
Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1864, nyob ze rau Spotsylvania, Union Army General John Sedgwick txiav txim siab txaj muag nws cov tub rog, uas tau nkaum ntawm cov mos txwv Confederate, caij rau pem hauv ntej thiab qw: "Nws yog dab tsi? Txiv neej tab tom nkaum ntawm ib lub mos txwv!.. Kuv txaj muag rau koj. Txawm tias tus ntxhw tsis tuaj yeem tsoo los ntawm qhov deb li ntawd! " Thiab qhov ntawd yog txhua yam nws tau hais, vim tias tus neeg tua phom nyob sab qab teb tau ntaus nws hauv taub hau. Lub hom phiaj tua zoo, raws li nws tau tawm, tau raug tua los ntawm Sergeant Grace ntawm 4th Confederate Infantry Regiment (txawm hais tias lub npe tseem hu ua Ben Powell) los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 800 yards (731 m)! Ntxiv mus, Sedgwick tsis tau sawv tseem, tab sis zaum ntawm tus nees, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau txav mus tas li, uas txhais tau tias nws tus kheej tsis txav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tuag ntawm General Sedgwick ua rau qeeb ntawm kev ua ntej ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb, cov peev txheej tau nce mus rau sab qab teb, thiab General Robert Lee yeej qhov kev sib ntaus no!
Xws li kev ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus, txawm li cas los xij, tau kim rau cov snipers lawv tus kheej. Ob tus tub rog ntawm sab qaum teb thiab cov neeg nyob sab qab teb tau ntxub lawv heev thiab tsis xav txog lawv li tub rog nrog txhua qhov tshwm sim tom ntej rau cov neeg tua phom. Tias yog vim li cas, txawm tias tom qab xaus kev ua tsov rog, cov neeg tua phom tsis nyiam tham txog lawv cov kev siv dag zog thiab tsis hais qhov twg thiab qhov peev xwm uas lawv tawm tsam.
Los ntawm txoj kev, twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1880, Asmeskas cov kws sau keeb kwm kev ntseeg ruaj khov tau hais tias zoo ib yam, piv txwv li, Berdan cov neeg tua phom thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog tau ua rau cov tub rog Confederate muaj zog ntau dua li lwm chav ntawm cov tub rog sab qaum teb.
