Ib hom kev ua piv txwv tau tshwm sim uas tau kos kab hauv qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib - FRG tau hloov pauv qhov kawg ntawm $ 70 lab rau kev them nyiaj rov qab uas tau tsim los ntawm Versailles kev pom zoo. Thiab hauv qhov no, nws ua rau kev nkag siab, zoo li nws zoo li, kom nco txog kev ua tsov rog no - yog los yog tsis yog, tab sis hu ua ntej kev tawm tsam Russia - Tsov Rog Zaum Ob.
Kev sib ntaus hauv qab MOSHAN
Tus tiv thaiv tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Xab Tham Thuj ntawm Slovak Republic hauv Ukraine, Colonel Juraj Beskid, hauv kev sib tham hauv xov tooj nrog tus kws sau tsab ntawv no, yuav sau tseg tias nws tsis paub dab tsi txog kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg thaum Lub Xya Hli 1917 ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv Lavxias - cov phoojywg. ntawm cov tub rog Czechoslovak. Tab sis thaum Lub Xya Hli, Cov Phooj Ywg tau tawm tsam ib sab. Tus tub ceev xwm feem ntau mus ntsib lub cim nco txog rau cov neeg poob Czechoslovak legionnaires, tau qhib rau xyoo 1927 hauv cheeb tsam Ternopil. Legionnaires tau tawm tsam kom dim ntawm lawv thaj av los ntawm Austro-Hungarian kev ua qhev. Thiab tus kws tshaj lij tsis paub txog ntau pua tus neeg tiv thaiv Lavxias uas tuag thiab raug faus yuav luag nyob ze ntawm qhov kev nco no. Yog li ntawd, nws mloog kuv ua tib zoo thiab ua tsaug ua tsaug rau kuv rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws tau cog lus tias yuav koom tes nrog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Czech koom pheej cov lus nug ntawm kev tuaj yeem ua kev nco txog cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg Lavxias tiv thaiv. Kuv nco qab tias qhov ntxa ntawm Russia raug tso tseg thiab tsis muaj npe. Kuv vam tias tom ntej lawv mus ntsib kev nco, Czechs thiab Slovaks tseem yuav tuaj xyuas Mshana lub zos.
Lub Xya Hli 2/15, 1917, ib pab tub rog me me ntawm Czechoslovak legionnaires (3,500) ua tub rog sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Ukrainian lub zos Kalinovka hauv Zboriv koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Ternopil cheeb tsam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis sib xws nrog cov yeeb ncuab (12,500) thawb tus yeeb ncuab rov qab thiab ntes txog 4 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, 190 legionnaires raug tua thiab 800 raug mob. Qhov xwm txheej no tau nrov ua kev zoo siab hauv Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia. Thiab tsis deb ntawm Kalinovka yog lub zos Mshana. Qhov no yog qhov chaw kawg thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias tus tiv thaiv ua ntej nws ploj mus, nrog rau tag nrho cov tub rog Lavxias. Ob lub hlis tom qab, Bolsheviks tuav lub hwj chim. Vim li cas cov neeg sawv cev Lavxias tsis tuaj xyuas lub zos Mshana? Vim li cas cov Russians thiaj li teeb tsa lub cim nco txog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg ntawm pab tub rog Petrovskaya? Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias lwm yam kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau. Sawv cev ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia, yuav muab lub cim nco txog ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg tiv thaiv Lavxias.
Hauv lub zos no, tsib hnub tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm pab tub rog Czechoslovak, muaj lwm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tub rog Lavxias Petrovskaya, suav nrog Preobrazhensky Life Guards thiab Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiments, thawj cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias niaj hnub, ua siab tawv tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab zoo tshaj ob hnub. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, ntau pua txhiab leej peb cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm raug tua nyob hauv Galicia. Lawv lub qhov ntxa yeej tsis muaj sia nyob. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze lub zos Mshana, 1,300 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm Lavxias raug tua. Qhov xwm txheej nyuaj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no tsis tso cai rau cov neeg saib xyuas mus faus tag nrho lawv cov phooj ywg tua lawv tus kheej. Tus yeeb ncuab ua rau lawv. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, kaum ob ntawm Orthodox hla hla thaj av ib puag ncig. Ntawm tus chij ntawm Preobrazhensky regiment muaj cov ntawv sau "Kulm 1813". Lub npe ntawm lub nroog German uas cov neeg Lavxias thiab lawv cov phoojywg, Prussians, tau yeej qhov yeej ntawm Napoleonic pab tub rog. Tawm ntawm kev hwm rau kev ua siab loj ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv Lavxias hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze ntawm Mshany thiab nco txog kev yeej ntawm Kulm, German cov lus txib hais kom muab cov chaw faus ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov ntoo khaub lig thiab cov ntxa tsis muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no. Hauv qee qhov chaw, koj tuaj yeem pom qee lub toj roob hauv pes nrog cov nyom ntawm qhov chaw faus ntawm peb cov neeg nyob sib ze. Tsis deb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, hauv toj ntxas hauv lub zos, koj tuaj yeem pom lub qhov ntxa loj, nyob qhov twg xyoo 2008 tau muab daim ntawv nco txog nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tsib tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Preobrazhensky cov tub rog faus rau ntawm no. Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm cov tswvcuab ntawm haiv neeg Ukrainian "The Last Soldier" thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm lawv cov koom nrog Moscow, cov npe tau tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thiab lwm qhov chaw. tub ceev xwm tuag:
tus tauj ncov loj A. R. Kondratenko, tus neeg ua haujlwm tus thawj coj Viskovsky P. A., Tus Lwm Thawj Tub Rog Mitrofanov, O. P.
tus tub rog thib ob Artsimovich M. V.
Tus thawj tub rog thib ob Navrotsky I. S.
(Raws li ib tsab ntawv lees paub, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Andrei Kondratenko yog tus tub General Kondratenko Roman Isidorovich, tus phab ej tiv thaiv Port Arthur.)
Thiab ob hnub tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv Lviv tsab ntawm cov neeg koom nrog haiv neeg "Svoboda" muaj cov lus hais tias hauv lub zos Mshana "tsis tau hnov dua txog zaj dab neeg tshwm sim, qhov ntxa ntawm Sich cov neeg tua hneev tau ua tsis huv los ntawm "Great Russia" chauvinism. " Cov neeg hauv tebchaws tau npau taws los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum lub phaj tau teeb tsa, uas muaj "cov cim huab tais", muaj ib tus kws lis haujlwm Lavxias los ntawm Lvov thiab "qee yam hauv daim ntawv ntawm pab tub rog tsarist, thiab lwm tus nrog St. George ribbon ntawm nws lub hauv siab, thiab lub orchestra ntawm lub hauv paus loj hauv chav ua si lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm Preobrazhensky regiment ". Cov ntawv ntawm kev taug kev muaj cov lus uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntxub los ntawm cov neeg nyiam tebchaws-Russophobes, nws hais txog Kev Tsov Rog ntawm Poltava thiab Catherine Great.
Tau ntau xyoo lub qhov ntxa loj no tau hu ua lub qhov ntxa ntawm "tsib tsis paub", txawm hais tias cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias sau tias qhov no yog qhov ntxa ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Preobrazhensky cov tub rog. Xyoo 1920, cov tub rog (Sicheviks) ntawm pab tub rog hu ua "Western Ukrainian People's Republic", uas tawm tsam nrog tus Pole, tau muab faus rau hauv toj ntxas no. Ob tus neeg tawm tsam ntawm Cov Neeg Tawm Tsam Ukrainian Tsov Rog, uas tawm tsam tsoomfwv Soviet, tseem raug zais ntsiag to nyob ze lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Svoboda tog, uas yeej qhov kev xaiv tsa hauv nroog, thov kom tshem tawm cov plaque memorial. Yog li, tom qab 90 xyoo, kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab tseem nyob ntawm no. Lub sijhawm no, txhawm rau khaws cia nco txog cov neeg tiv thaiv Lavxias tuag. Tsis muaj ib lub tuam tsev ntawm canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church ntawm Moscow Patriarchate hauv cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, ib tus tsis hnov lub ntees tuag ntawm qhov ntxa nrog hais txog ntawm thaj av Lavxias ntawm no.
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog Czech thiab Slovak tau ua tiag tiag nyob ze lub zos Kalinovka. "Peb hle peb lub taub hau ua ntej lawv ua yeeb yam thiab nco lawv, vim lawv tawm tsam rau lub neej zoo rau txhua tus neeg Slavic, thiab pantheon ntawm Slovak thiab Czech cov tub rog nyob hauv lub zos Kalinovka yog lub cim ntawm kev sib koom siab ntawm cov neeg Slavic" - qhov no tuaj yeem hnov ntau dua ib zaug los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev raug cai ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia. "Txawm hais tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nroog, nws yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau cov neeg Czech. Ua tsaug rau kev sib ntaus sib tua no, lub ntiaj teb tau kawm txog Czechoslovak chav sib ntaus nrog Austria-Hungary rau kev ywj pheej xeev Czechoslovak. " Nov yog thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Czechoslovakia, Tomas Masaryk, yuav hais. "Kalinovka yog Rubicon ntawm peb txoj kev tawm tsam txawv teb chaws," Tus Minister of Defense ntawm Czech koom pheej tau hais thaum tso cov wreaths ntawm lub monument rau 90th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kalinovka.
Sib ntaus ntawm CZECHOSLOVAK BRIGADE
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kalinovka, Karel Vashatko (1882-1919), tsis yog tus tub ceev xwm uas tau dhau los ua tub ceev xwm, tau tawm tsam siab tawv. Karel yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv thaum tau txais khoom plig tub rog. Nws tau dhau los ua Knight ntawm St. George (4 tus tub rog tus ntoo khaub lig), tau txais tus tub ceev xwm St. George qib 4, Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Stanislav nrog ntaj, St. George riam phom thiab ob qho khoom plig St. George. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv tus thawj tswj hwm Jaroslav Hasek, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej, tawm tsam ntawm no. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws, tus neeg ua haujlwm cov neeg lis haujlwm, yuav tsum dhau los ua tus neeg tua phom tshuab. Yav tom ntej General Ludwig Svoboda kuj tau tawm tsam ntawm no. Txuag lawv tsev neeg nyob hauv Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia los ntawm kev tsim txom, ntau tus legionnaires tau muab cov foob pob hauv qab lawv lub taub hau kom lub cev tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau. Ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm Jan Hus cov tub rog, lawv xaws "Hussite liab khob" - lub cim ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau hu lub cim no "iav". Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, kev hloov pauv loj heev ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Austrian pab tub rog - Czechs - mus rau sab ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias tau pom. Lawv pom ntawm tus chij ntawm pab tub rog cov duab ntawm "tais ntawm Hussites" paub rau txhua tus neeg Czech. Hauv ib tus neeg khiav tawm, tus legionnaire lees paub nws tus tub. Cov legionnaires tsis tau tawm tsam hauv kev tsim ua xoob, tab sis nyob hauv pab pawg sib txawv txav, nkaum hauv qhov tsis sib xws. Tus yeeb ncuab hu qhov kev tawm tsam no "feline". Thiab nws coj kev vam meej….
Kev sib ntaus ntawm PETROVSKAYA BRIGADE
Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1917, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob pib hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Ternopil. Thaum pib muaj kev vam meej thiab vam meej. Lawv coj ob lub nroog, ntau tus neeg raug kaw thiab khoom plig. Qhov no tau pab txhawb los ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias hauv kev suav ua lej thiab hauv rab phom loj. Peb cov phom loj tau teb rau ib tus yeeb ncuab phom nrog 2-3 rab phom, suav nrog cov phom hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tawm tsam tsis ntev lawm. Thiab cov yeeb ncuab txawj tawm tsam hauv qhov chaw uas cov chav ua haujlwm tsis tiav ua tiav.
HEROIC THIAB TRAGIC FINAL
"… Ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, ntawm qhov kev siv phom me me, peb cov tub rog, tsis nco qab lawv lub luag haujlwm thiab cog lus rau lawv lub tebchaws, tawm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tag nrho pem hauv ntej, tsuas yog hauv cheeb tsam Ternopil yog Preobrazhensky thiab Semyonovsky cov tub rog ua lawv txoj haujlwm, "yog li Cov Thawj Coj Loj Tshaj Plaws ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog tau tshaj tawm nrog kev poob siab txias. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tawm tsam lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1917 hauv Galicia tau xaus qhov kev swb hnyav thiab thim rov qab. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog Kerensky kev hloov pauv ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias mus rau "kev ywj pheej tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb." Thaum cov tub ceev xwm thiab txawm tias cov thawj coj nkag mus, cov qib qis feem ntau tsis tau sawv thiab hu cov thawj coj "bourgeois". Thiab ntawm no yog qhov tseeb keeb kwm. Cov tub rog "kev hloov pauv" ntawm cov tub rog nyob sib ze, muab lub hauv ntej rau Czechs thiab Slovaks, tau sim ua lub tshuab phom tsis siv, thiab lawv yooj yim faus cov mos txwv thiab cov foob pob tawg. Thiab thaum cov tub rog Czechoslovak mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam, cov hnab duffel tau tso tseg los ntawm cov Czechs thiab Slovaks hauv lub trenches raug nyiag."
Nrog rau kev sib tsoo dav dav ntawm pem hauv ntej, cov tub rog Czechoslovak thiab Petrovsk tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov monolithic thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua-npaj tsim ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias. Txhawm rau nres qhov kev kov yeej ntawm Austro-German cov tub rog nyob ze Ternopil thiab tiv thaiv kev ntes cov phom loj pem hauv ntej thiab cov khoom loj ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab mos txwv, cov lus txib xa tuaj ntawm no cov tub rog Petrovsky thiab Czechoslovak. Kerensky tau xa xov tooj nrog cov lus hauv qab no: "Cia Petrovsky pab tub rog rov npog nws tus kheej nrog lub yeeb koob thiab hle nws cov chij grey nrog cov yeej tshiab laurels." Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm pab tub rog tau npau taws heev los ntawm cov xov tooj los ntawm lub nkoj loj ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, tab sis lawv tau ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm rau lub tebchaws. Petrovsky pawg tub rog tau tuav kev tiv thaiv rau 48 teev … Keeb kwm kev ncaj ncees xav kom muaj kev nco txog obelisk hauv kev hwm peb cov neeg siab tawv - cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm Petrovsky pawg tub rog tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv qhov kev sib ntaus zaum kawg!
