70 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29, 1944, txoj haujlwm Budapest tau pib. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Hungary tau siv sijhawm 108 hnub. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, pab tub rog thib ob thiab thib 3 ntawm Ukraine tau kov yeej 56 pawg thiab pawg tub rog, rhuav tshem yuav luag 200 txhiab leej. pab pawg ua yeeb ncuab thiab tso tawm thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm Hungary thiab nws cov peev - Budapest. Hungary tau raug tshem tawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob.
Keeb kwm yav dhau Hungary ntawm txoj kev mus ua rog thiab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II
Rov qab rau xyoo 1920, kev tswj hwm ntawm Miklos Horthy tau tsim nyob hauv Hungary (Txoj Cai ntawm Admiral Horthy). Yav dhau los tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Austro-Hungarian navy, Horthy tau txwv tsis pub muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Hungary. Hauv Horthy, Hungary tseem yog lub nceeg vaj, tab sis lub zwm txwv tseem tshuav. Yog li, Horthy tau regent hauv lub tebchaws tsis muaj vaj ntxwv. Nws vam khom rau kev tiv thaiv cov tub rog, tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam thiab qhib txoj cai-tis tawm tsam. Tsim nyog sim tsis txhob khi nws txhais tes rau ib qho kev nom tswv quab yuam, tsom mus rau kev hlub poj niam, kev txiav txim thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
Lub tebchaws tau ntsib teebmeem. Hungary tsis yog lub xeev cuav nrog kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub xeev ntev, tab sis kev swb ntawm Austro-Hungarian Empire hauv Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg tau tshem Hungary ntawm 2/3 ntawm nws thaj chaw (qhov twg, ntxiv rau Slovaks thiab Romanians, ntau lab haiv neeg Hungarians nyob) thiab feem ntau ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Trianon tau tso tseg ib qho kev sau rau tag nrho keeb kwm kev ua tsov rog tom qab Hungary (kev pom zoo ntawm cov tebchaws uas yeej hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib thiab yeej Hungary). Romania tau txais Transylvania thiab ib feem ntawm Banat ntawm tus nqi Hungary, Croatia, Backa thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Banat tau mus rau Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia thiab Austria tau txais av Hungarian.
Txhawm rau tso cov neeg tsis txaus siab thiab nqhis dej rau kev ua pauj, Tsim nyog tau liam txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm Hungary ntawm kev sib tham. Kev tawm tsam kev sib txuas lus tau dhau los ua ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Cai Tsim Nyog. Nws tau ua tiav los ntawm nom tswv lub tebchaws txoj kev ntseeg Christian, uas tau tsom mus rau cov neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv pawg neeg. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1920, Hungary tsis tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog USSR. Qhov tsim nyog tau suav tias yog Soviet Union yog qhov "txaus ntshai liab liab" rau txhua tus tib neeg thiab tawm tsam kev tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws. Revanchism yog ib feem ntawm kev xav. Yog li, nyob rau lub sijhawm xaus qhov kev cog lus ntawm Trianon, kev quaj ntsuag hauv tebchaws tau tshaj tawm hauv Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Hungary, thiab tag nrho cov chij raug tso tseg kom txog thaum xyoo 1938. Hauv Hungarian cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem ntawv thov Vajtswv kom rov los koom lawv lub tebchaws txhua hnub ua ntej kawm.
Miklos Horthy, Regent ntawm Hungary 1920-1944
Thaum xub thawj, Hungary tsom mus rau Ltalis, xyoo 1933 kev sib raug zoo nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tsim. Txoj cai ntawm Adolf Hitler tsom rau kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm Versailles Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo tau ua tiav zoo rau Budapest. Hungary nws tus kheej xav rov xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib thiab tawm tswv yim txog kev tshem tawm cov lus ntawm Trianon Treaty. Tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm "Me Entente", uas tau txais Hungary thaj av thiab tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Budapest qhov kev sim rov xav txog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, thiab qhov txias ntawm Fabkis thiab Askiv, ua rau Hungary txoj kev qhia ua lus German tsis raug. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1936, Horthy tau mus xyuas lub tebchaws Yelemes. Tus thawj coj Hungarian thiab German Fuhrer pom kev nkag siab txog kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov rog hauv qab chij ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Kev phooj ywg txuas ntxiv nrog Ltalis. Thaum cov neeg Italians tau hla Ethiopia xyoo 1935, Hungary tsis kam tso kev txwv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam nrog Ltalis, raws li tau thov los ntawm Pab Koomtes ntawm Tebchaws.
Tom qab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees txeeb tebchaws Austria, Horthy tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm ntawm riam phom rau Hungary - pab tub rog thaum pib xyoo 1938 suav tsuas yog 85 txhiab tus neeg. Ntxiv dag zog rau lub teb chaws tiv thaiv tau lub npe lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Hungary. Hungary tshem tawm cov kev txwv ntawm cov tub rog uas raug yuam los ntawm Trianon Treaty. Txog thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941 Hungary muaj pab tub rog muaj zog: peb pab tub rog thiab ib pab tub rog sib cais. Kev lag luam tub rog kuj tsim sai.
Tom qab ntawd, Horthy pom tsis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv tab sis txuas ntxiv kev koom tes nrog Hitlerite Reich. Thaum lub Yim Hli xyoo 1938, Horthy tau mus ntsib Yelemes dua. Nws tsis kam koom nrog hauv kev ua phem tawm tsam Czechoslovakia, sim ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Hungary, tab sis tsis tawm tsam kev daws teeb meem ntawm thaj av hauv kev pom zoo ntawm Budapest los ntawm kev txhais lus.
Hitler thiab Miklos Horthy taug kev ntawm tus choj thaum lub sijhawm tsim nyog mus ntsib Hamburg rau Hitler lub hnub yug 50 xyoos xyoo 1939
Raws li cov lus cog tseg hauv Munich, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 29, 1938, Prague tau ua lub luag haujlwm los daws qhov "Cov lus nug Hungarian" raws li kev pom zoo nrog Budapest. Tsoomfwv Hungarian tsis pom zoo rau qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev ywj pheej rau zej zog Hungarian nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm Czechoslovakia. Thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Vienna thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, 1938, raug kev nyuaj siab los ntawm Ltalis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, yuam Czechoslovakia muab Hungary rau thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Slovakia (kwv yees li 10 txhiab km2) thiab thaj tsam sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Subcarpathian Rus (kwv yees li 2 txhiab km2) nrog cov pejxeem ntawm ntau tshaj 1 lab. tib neeg. Fabkis thiab Askiv tsis tawm tsam qhov kev faib faib thaj av no.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1939, Hungary koom nrog Anti-Comintern Pact thiab tau pib txhim kho kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nce kev siv tub rog ntau ntxiv. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub tebchaws Czechoslovakia xyoo 1939, Subcarpathian Rus, uas tshaj tawm nws txoj kev ywj pheej, tau los ntawm cov tub rog Hungarian. Hitler, xav khi Hungary mus rau lub tebchaws Yelemes kom ze tshaj plaws, tau tsim nyog hloov pauv tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Slovakia hauv kev sib pauv rau kev sib koom ua tub rog, tab sis raug tsis kam lees. Tsim nyog nyiam los tswj hwm kev ywj pheej hauv qhov teeb meem no thiab daws teeb meem thaj av ntawm ib haiv neeg.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Horthy tau sim txuas ntxiv txoj cai tswjfwm, sim ua kom muaj tsawg kawg txheeb ze kev ywj pheej ntawm Hungary. Yog li, Hungarian tus thawj tswj hwm tsis kam koom nrog hauv kev ua rog nrog Poland thiab kom cov tub rog German hla hla thaj tsam Hungarian. Ib qho ntxiv, Hungary tau txais ntau txhiab tus neeg tawg rog los ntawm Slovakia, Poland thiab Romania, suav nrog cov neeg Yudais. Tom qab Soviet Union tau rov qab Bessarabia thiab Bukovina, uas Romania tau ntes tom qab kev tuag ntawm Tebchaws Russia, Hungary tau thov kom Bucharest rov qab Transylvania. Moscow txhawb qhov kev thov no kom ncaj ncees. Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Siab Vienna Thib Ob ntawm Lub Yim Hli 30, 1940, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Ltalis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau xa Northern Transylvania mus rau Hungary nrog thaj tsam ze li ntawm 43.5 txhiab km thiab cov pejxeem txog 2.5 lab. Ob qho Hungary thiab Romania tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev txiav txim siab no. Budapest xav tau tag nrho Transylvania, tab sis Bucharest tsis xav muab dab tsi tam sim ntawd. Qhov kev faib thaj av no ua rau muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau ob lub zog thiab khi lawv ntau dua rau lub tebchaws Yelemes.
Txawm hais tias tsim nyog tseem tau sim tawm ntawm Hungarian lub nceeg vaj ib sab ntawm kev ua tsov rog European loj. Yog li, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 3, 1941, Cov neeg sawv cev hauv tebchaws Hungarian tau txais cov lus qhia uas nyeem cov hauv qab no: "Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv Hungarian hauv kev ua tsov rog European txog thaum kawg yog lub siab xav cawm cov tub rog thiab cov khoom siv, tib neeg cov peev txheej hauv lub tebchaws. Peb yuav tsum tsis hais tus nqi tiv thaiv peb kev koom tes hauv kev tsis sib haum tub rog … Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob pheej hmoo rau lub tebchaws, cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tub rog nyob hauv ib tus neeg qhov kev txaus siab, peb yuav tsum ua los ntawm peb tus kheej nkaus xwb. " Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv chav kawm no, muaj zog muaj zog heev thawb Europe mus ua tsov rog.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, 1940, nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab los ntawm Berlin, Budapest tau kos npe rau Triple Pact, nkag mus rau hauv kev sib koom ua tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, Ltalis thiab Nyij Pooj. Kev lag luam Hungarian pib ua tiav kev xaj tub rog German. Tshwj xeeb, Hungary pib tsim caj npab me rau lub tebchaws Yelemes. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1941, Cov tub rog Hungarian tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam Yugoslavia. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Hungary Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Pal Teleki, uas tau sim tiv thaiv Hungary los ntawm kev raug coj mus ua rog, tau tua tus kheej. Hauv nws tsab ntawv farewell rau Horthy, nws tau sau "peb tau dhau los ua neeg dag", vim tias peb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub tebchaws los ntawm "ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg phem." Tom qab swb ntawm Yugoslavia, Hungary tau txais sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws: Bachka (Vojvodina), Baranya, Nroog Medzhumur thiab Prekmurje.
Tsov rog tawm tsam USSR
Hitler zais nws cov phiaj xwm hais txog USSR los ntawm Hungarian cov tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua mus rau qhov kawg. Rov qab rau lub Plaub Hlis 1941, Hitler tau lees tias Tsim Nyog tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab USSR tau "raug heev" thiab tsis muaj ib yam kev hem thawj Reich los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Ib qho ntxiv, German cov lus txib suav rau "kev ua tsov rog xob laim" nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, yog li Hungary tsis suav nrog. Piv rau Wehrmacht, Cov tub rog Hungarian tsis muaj zog thiab siv tshuab tsis zoo, thiab, raws li lawv xav hauv Berlin, tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog thawj zaug thiab txiav txim siab. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog txiav txim siab qhov tseeb tias German Fuhrer tsis paub meej txog kev ua siab ncaj ntawm Hungarian tus thawj coj thiab tsis xav qhia nws cov phiaj xwm zais cia nrog nws.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tsov rog tau tawg, Berlin tau hloov kho nws cov phiaj xwm rau Hungary kev koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog. Ib feem ntawm Hungarian kev coj noj coj ua nws tus kheej kuj tseem mob siab koom nrog hauv kev kos duab ntawm "Lavxias dais tawv nqaij". Hungarian National Socialist Arrow Cross Party, txawm hais tias nws raug txwv tsis tu ncua, muaj kev txhawb nqa loj hauv zej zog, suav nrog hauv tub rog ib puag ncig, thiab xav kom lub tebchaws koom nrog hauv kev ua rog nrog USSR. Cov tub rog Hungarian, tau saj qhov kev yeej hauv kev ua rog nrog Yugoslavia thiab zoo siab los ntawm kev ua tub rog ua tiav ntawm Wehrmacht hauv Tebchaws Europe, thov kom koom nrog hauv kev ua rog. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1941, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Neeg Ua Haujlwm Hungarian, General Henrik Werth, tau thov los ntawm ob tus Regent Horthy thiab Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Laszlo Bardosi txhawm rau teeb tsa qhov teeb meem nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom tes ntawm pab tub rog Hungarian hauv "kev ua rog" tawm tsam lub Soviet Union. Tab sis Horthy tau coj nws lub sijhawm, ib yam li tsoomfwv.
Hungary nkag mus rau hauv kev ua rog tom qab muaj xwm txheej rau Lub Rau Hli 26, 1941, thaum cov neeg tsis paub foob pob tau tsoo lub nroog Hungary ntawm Kosice. Raws li ib qho version, Soviet aviation tau ua yuam kev thiab yuav tsum foob pob rau Slovak lub nroog Presov (Slovakia nkag mus ua rog nrog USSR thaum Lub Rau Hli 23), lossis Soviet cov lus txib tsis ntseeg qhov kev xaiv yav tom ntej ntawm Hungary, kev tawm tsam tsis raug yog kuj tuaj yeem ua tau, vim muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm cov tub rog thaum pib ua tsov rog. Raws li lwm tsab ntawv, qhov kev tawm tsam tau teeb tsa los ntawm Cov Neeg German lossis Romanians txhawm rau rub Hungary mus ua rog. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, tau txais tsab ntawv pom zoo los ntawm cov lus German siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm dav dav ntawm pab tub rog Hungarian kom koom nrog kev ua rog tawm tsam Union. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Hungary tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog ntawm USSR. Hungary qhib nws thaj chaw rau kev xa cov khoom siv tub rog los ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum ua tsov rog, Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Hungary tau dhau los ua chaw cog qoob loo ntawm Peb Reich.
Nyob rau lub Rau Hli lig - thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, pab pawg Carpathian tau xa mus rau Sab Hnub Poob: 8th Kosice Corps (1st Roob thiab 8th Border Brigades) raws li cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant General Ferenc Szombathely thiab Mobile Corps (ob lub cav thiab ib pab tub rog tub rog) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Bela Miklos. Cov tub rog Hungarian tau txuas nrog 17th German Army ua ib feem ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb. Thaum pib Lub Xya Hli, Cov tub rog Hungarian koom nrog 12th Army Soviet. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog Hungarian tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Uman.
Cov tub rog Hungarian hauv Don steppes, lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1941, ntau qhov kev sib faib Hungarian tau pauv mus rau USSR. Lawv tau siv los tiv thaiv kev sib txuas lus thiab tawm tsam kev tsim ib feem ntawm Ukraine, hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Smolensk thiab Bryansk cheeb tsam. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov neeg Hungarians "txawv lawv tus kheej" los ntawm ntau qhov kev ua phem nyob hauv thaj av Chernigov, thaj tsam Bryansk thiab ze Voronezh, qhov uas cov tub rog Hungarian ua tsaug rau "Vajtswv" uas lawv tuaj yeem koom nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm "Slavic thiab Jewish kab mob" thiab tsis muaj txoj kev hlub tshua tua cov neeg laus, poj niam thiab menyuam. Cov neeg Hungarians tau raug sau tseg rau kev ua phem phem zoo sib xws hauv thaj av uas nyob ntawm Yugoslavia. Hauv Serbian Vojvodina, cov tub rog ntawm Szeged corps ntawm General Fekethalmi (yav tom ntej lub taub hau ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hungarian) tau tua neeg pov tseg. Serbs thiab cov neeg Yudais tseem tsis tau raug tua, tab sis tau poob dej hauv Danube thiab txiav nrog rab riam.
Yog li ntawd, lub monument rau cov tub rog Hungarian, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm thaj av Voronezh hauv lub zos Rudkino, nrog rau kev nco faus rau cov neeg nrhiav pom txawv teb chaws hauv lwm lub zos ntawm Voronezh thaj av, qhov uas Magyar Hungarians tau ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws, yog kev thuam tiag tiag tiv thaiv kev nco txog cov tub rog Soviet, kev ntxeev siab ntawm kev ua neeg Lavxias. Nov yog qhov qhia ua ntu zus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua siab ntev rau nom tswv thiab kev ua nom tswv raug cai
Thaum pib xyoo 1942, cov tub rog Hungarian hauv USSR tau nce mus rau 200 txhiab tus neeg, thiab Pawg Tub Rog Hungarian thib 2 tau tsim. Cov Hungarians sai sai them rau lawv qhov kev ua phem. Thaum lub sij hawm Soviet tawm tsam thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad, pab tub rog Hungarian tau ua kom puas tsuaj. Cov tub rog Hungarian poob 145 txhiab tus neeg raug tua thiab raug ntes (feem ntau ntawm lawv raug tua zoo li dev vwm, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis sawv ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nrog dab phem) thiab feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom thiab khoom siv. Cov tub rog Hungarian thib 2 tau tso tseg tsis ua raws li chav sib ntaus.
Cov tub rog Hungarian tua ntawm Stalingrad
Tom qab ntawd, Adolf Hitler tsis tso cov tub rog Hungarian nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntev, tam sim no cov Hungarians tau ua txoj haujlwm tom qab hauv tebchaws Ukraine. Tsim nyog, txhawj xeeb txog txoj hmoo yav tom ntej ntawm Hungary, hloov tsoomfwv Bardosi nrog tsoomfwv Kallai. Miklos Kallai txuas ntxiv txoj cai ntawm kev muab lub teb chaws Yelemees nrog txhua yam tsim nyog, tab sis tib lub sijhawm Hungarians pib nrhiav kev sib cuag nrog Western hwj chim. Yog li, Budapest tau cog lus tias yuav tsis tua hluav taws ntawm Anglo-American lub dav hlau hla Hungary. Yav tom ntej, Tsoomfwv Hungarian tau cog lus tias yuav hla mus rau ntawm Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv-Hitler, tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Western lub zog nyob hauv Balkans. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Budapest tsis kam tham nrog USSR. Ib qho ntxiv, Hungarians tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog tsoomfwv txawv tebchaws ntawm Poland thiab Czechoslovakia, sim ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ua ntej kev ua rog. Kev sib tham tseem tau ua nrog Slovakia, uas tseem xav tias yuav hla mus rau sab ntawm Anti-Hitler kev sib koom tes, tom qab Hungary tau hla mus rau Askiv thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas.
Hungary txoj kev sim thim tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog
Xyoo 1944, qhov xwm txheej tau nce nrawm dua. Wehrmacht thiab Romanian pab tub rog tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj nyob rau yav qab teb cov tswv yim. Hitler tau thov kom Horthy ua tiav kev tawm tsam tag nrho. Cov tub rog thib 3 tau tsim hauv Hungary. Tab sis Horthy txuas ntxiv kho nws txoj kab, rau nws qhov kev zam tsis tau ntawm kev swb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab yog li ntawd Hungary, twb tau pom meej lawm. Qhov xwm txheej sab hauv hauv lub tebchaws tau pom los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev nyuaj ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nruj hauv zej zog, kev loj hlob ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog txhawb nqa German.
Hitler, ua xyem xyav txog kev ntseeg ntawm Budapest, yuam kom tsim nyog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944 kom pom zoo rau kev nkag los ntawm pab tub rog German rau hauv Hungary, thiab nrog lawv pab tub rog SS. Hauv Hungary, tsoomfwv D -me Stoyai tau tsim los. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv German tau tshwm sim hauv Romania thaum Lub Yim Hli 23 thiab Romania tau koom nrog cov tebchaws ntawm Anti-Hitler kev koom tes, qhov xwm txheej rau Hungary tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Lub Yim Hli 30 - Kaum Hli 3, 1944, pab tub rog ntawm USSR thiab Romania tau ua haujlwm Bucharest -Arad (Romanian kev ua haujlwm) tawm tsam Wehrmacht thiab Hungarian pab tub rog. Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, yuav luag tag nrho ntawm Romania tau raug tso tawm los ntawm pab tub rog German-Hungarian thiab Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tuav thawj thaj chaw rau kev tawm tsam rau Hungary thiab Yugoslavia. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1944, Soviet pab tub rog hla ciam teb Hungarian. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau ntawm East Carpathian kev ua haujlwm (Thib Thib Stalinist tshuab: East Carpathian ua haujlwm), 1st Hungarian pab tub rog raug kev txom nyem hnyav, yeej yeej swb lawm.
Los ntawm kev ua tub rog swb hauv Hungary, muaj tsoomfwv cov teebmeem. Tsim nyog thiab nws cov neeg tuaj koom tau sim kom tau sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv kev nkag los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog mus rau Hungary txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj hwm txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws. Qhov tsim nyog tso tawm tsoomfwv-Stoyai tsoomfwv thiab xaiv General Geza Lakatos ua tus thawj tswj hwm. Tsoomfwv tub rog ntawm Lakatos tau tawm tsam rau Tebchaws Yelemees thiab tau sim khaws cov qub Hungary. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Horthy tau sim txuas ntxiv kev sib tham nrog Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas kom xaus qhov kev ua tsis ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, kev daws teeb meem no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm USSR. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1944, Lub luag haujlwm Hungarian raug yuam kom tuaj txog hauv Moscow. Cov neeg sawv cev Hungarian muaj txoj cai los xaus kev ua rog nrog Moscow yog tias tsoomfwv Soviet pom zoo koom nrog Anglo-Asmeskas cov tub rog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hungary thiab kom tshem tawm ntawm Wehrmacht los ntawm thaj chaw Hungarian.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 15, 1944, tsoomfwv Hungarian tshaj tawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees nrog USSR. Txawm li cas los xij, Tsim Nyog, tsis zoo li tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Romania, Mihai I, tsis tuaj yeem coj nws lub tebchaws tawm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Hitler muaj peev xwm khaws Hungary rau nws tus kheej. Fuhrer yuav tsis plam nws tus phooj ywg kawg hauv Europe. Hungary thiab East Austria muaj kev ua tub rog zoo thiab tseem ceeb. Nws muaj ntau lub tsev tsim tub rog thiab muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj, uas cov tub rog German xav tau. SS tshem tawm qhov nyiag hauv Budapest thiab coj tus tub ntawm Horthy - Miklos (Tus Hluas) Tsim Nyog. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav los ntawm tus kws ua phem German nto moo Otto Skorzeny (Kev Ua Haujlwm Faustpatron). Raws li kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua rau nws tus tub lub neej tsis txaus, Hungarian tus thawj tswj hwm tau tso tseg thiab muab lub zog rau tsoomfwv Ferenc Salashi. Lub zog tau txais los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Nazi Arrow Cross Party thiab Hungary txuas ntxiv kev ua tsov rog nyob rau sab Germany.
Ib qho ntxiv, Fuhrer tau xa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv loj mus rau thaj tsam Budapest. Hauv Hungary, pab pawg muaj zog tau nthuav tawm - Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb (German 8 thiab 6 pab tub rog, Hungarian 2 thiab 3 pab tub rog) raws li cov lus txib ntawm Johannes (Hans) Friesner thiab ib feem ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg F
Admiral Horthy raug xa mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, qhov uas nws raug kaw hauv tsev. Nws tus tub raug xa mus rau lub yeej rog. Ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Hungarian, coj los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Pawg Tub Rog Hungarian, General Bela Miklos, tau hla mus rau ntawm pab tub rog liab. Miklos tau thov xov tooj cua mus rau cov neeg lis haujlwm hauv Hungarian kom hla mus rau ib sab ntawm USSR. Yav tom ntej, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog yuav ua tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Hungarian. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tsim cov koog Hungarian hauv Red Army yuav pib. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm pab tub rog Hungarian yuav txuas ntxiv ua tsov rog nyob rau sab teb chaws Yelemees. Cov tub rog Hungarian yuav tawm tsam Red Army thaum lub sijhawm Debrecen, Budapest thiab Balaton haujlwm.
Cov tub rog Hungarian thib 2 yuav swb thaum lub sijhawm Debrecen ua haujlwm, nws cov seem yuav suav nrog hauv Pawg Tub Rog thib 3. Feem ntau ntawm 1st Cov Tub Rog Hungarian yuav raug rhuav tshem hauv kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj thaum ntxov xyoo 1945. Feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Hungarian thib 3 yuav raug rhuav tshem 50 km sab hnub poob ntawm Budapest thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945. Cov seem ntawm Hungarian cov qauv uas tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg Germans yuav thim rov qab rau Austria thiab tso cai nkaus xwb thaum lub Plaub Hlis - thaum ntxov Tsib Hlis 1945 ntawm sab nrauv ntawm Vienna.
Ferenc Salasi hauv Budapest. Lub Kaum Hli 1944
