Ntxiv dag zog rau Russia txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam caj npab hauv Middle East pab ntxiv dag zog rau Russia kev tswjfwm kev tswjfwm thiab kev tswjfwm hauv cheeb tsam, sau Suav Xov Xwm Txhua Hnub.
Tau ntau xyoo, Soviet Union, thiab lub hlis kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo, Russia tau suav tias yog tus xa khoom thib ob tom qab Tebchaws Meskas. Moscow cov nyiaj tau los txhua xyoo los ntawm kev muag riam phom hauv xyoo 2012-15 qhov nruab nrab yog kwv yees $ 14.5 nphom. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv hauv kev muag riam phom Lavxias hauv Middle East. Nws ua haujlwm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow txoj cai hauv cov roj av no, tab sis thaj av "kub" heev ntawm lub ntiaj teb - los ua tus tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam, Suav cov ntawv xov xwm sau tseg.
Raws li Chatam House tus kws tshaj lij Nikolai Kozhanov, hais los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Txhua Hnub, txog tam sim no Russia tau ceev faj heev txog kev siv riam phom xa mus raws li kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj kev nom kev tswv. Tam sim no txhua yam tau hloov pauv. Russia txoj haujlwm loj hlob sai hauv Middle East riam phom lag luam tau ntxiv kev txiav txim siab thiab kev ntseeg siab rau Kremlin.
Kev tsis ruaj khov hauv cheeb tsam muab txhua qhov laj thawj los lees tias thaj av no tseem yuav yog ib lub khw muag riam phom loj rau yav tom ntej. Yog lawm, Middle East riam phom lag luam tsis yog tshiab rau Russia, Kozhanov sau tseg. Lub tebchaws Soviet tau muab riam phom rau Algeria, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Sudan thiab Yemen. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tsoo ntawm USSR ua rau poob qis hauv kev xa riam phom Lavxias. Lavxias cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm tau ua rau tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev ua ntiag tug, uas tau ua thaum lub sijhawm ua thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws los ntawm Boris Yeltsin. Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union, ntau lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev ua haujlwm tau xaus rau thaj tsam ntawm cov xeev ywj pheej, txog tam sim no, yav dhau los Soviet koom pheej. Kev poob ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb xws li Odessa thiab Ilyichevsk yog qhov muaj zog tshwj xeeb.
Txog xyoo 2012, Russia txoj haujlwm nyob hauv Middle East caj npab lag luam tau qaug zog heev. Kev poob ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm Saddam Hussein xyoo 2003 thiab Muammar Gaddafi xyoo 2011 ua rau cov neeg tseem ceeb mus sij hawm ntev poob. Tsuas yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv tebchaws Libya, Russia poob rau hauv kev lag luam caj npab ntau npaum li cas, raws li Rosoboronexport cov kws tshuaj ntsuam, txog $ 6.5 nphom. Txawm hais tias Russia tau tswj hwm kom muaj nws nyob hauv Syria thiab Algeria, tag nrho cov ntim ntawm riam phom muag tsis txaus ntseeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau qhov kev sim los ntawm cov neeg xa khoom Lavxias mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam caj npab ntawm lub tebchaws Persian Gulf tau ua tsis tiav. Cov neeg sib tw sab hnub poob tau tswj kom tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg sib tw los ntawm Russia.
Qhov hloov pauv, raws li Nikolai Kozhanov, yog kev ua tsov rog hauv Syria. Cov neeg xa khoom riam phom Lavxias tau txais cua thib ob, vim tias riam phom Lavxias tau qhia lawv qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev coj ua, thiab tsis yog ntawm qhov chaw sim. Cov xwm txheej hauv Syria tau ua rau muaj kev mloog zoo ntawm txhua lub tebchaws Sab Hnub Tuaj rau peb cov riam phom, suav nrog huab tais ntawm Persian Gulf, uas ib txwm tsom mus rau riam phom xa tawm los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob.
Piv txwv li, Bahrain tau xaj ntau rab phom AK-103 hauv xyoo 2011, thiab peb xyoos tom qab dhau los ua thawj lub xeev hauv cheeb tsam yuav Kornet tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws los ntawm Moscow. Cov kev pom zoo no tau me me, tab sis lawv tau pab qhib lub qhov rooj rau Gulf caj npab lag luam.
Qhov ntim ntawm kev cog lus nruab nrab ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub tuaj nruab nrab thiab cov neeg xa khoom Lavxias tau nce ntxiv hauv xyoo 2011-14. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Kozhanov sau tseg, Russia tau rov qab los rau riam phom lag luam hauv Egypt thiab Iraq, uas tau ua los ntawm Asmeskas cov tuam txhab nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Ob xyoos dhau los, Russia tau kos npe pom zoo los muab Egypt nrog MiG 29M2 cov neeg tua hluav taws, Mi-35M tua lub dav hlau, S300 tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau thiab Bastion ntug dej hiav txwv cov tshuab muaj nqi 3.5 billion daus las. Ib qho ntxiv, xyoo tas los daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nruab nrab ntawm Cairo thiab Irkut kev koom tes rau kev muab 12 lub tshuab Su-30K kho tshiab rau tim Egypt.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis, cov ntawv xov xwm Turkish BirGun tau tshaj tawm tias cov tebchaws xws li Morocco, Algeria thiab Tunisia kuj tseem yuav hloov mus rau riam phom Lavxias. Piv txwv li, Algeria hauv xyoo 2015 tau kos npe rau kev pom zoo ntawm kev yuav 12 Su-32 cov neeg tua hluav taws, IL-76MD-90A thauj dav hlau thiab Mi-28 lub dav hlau tua rog rau $ 500-600 lab.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Chatam House tus kws tshaj lij tsom mus rau qhov tseeb tias cov tuam txhab Lavxias tau muag riam phom rau txhua lub xeev hauv cheeb tsam yam tsis muaj kev txwv, thaum Asmeskas cov tuam txhab, piv txwv li, tau txwv cov khoom siv rau Bahrain xyoo 2011 kom tsoomfwv tsis txwv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav Arab. Ib yam nkaus, lawv tau raug txiav tawm hauv 2013-14. kev muag khoom riam phom rau tebchaws Egypt txhawm rau ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau Cairo.
Kev ceev faj heev thiab xa cov riam phom Asmeskas mus rau Iraq nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Baghdad tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau cov cuab yeej siv tub rog los tawm tsam kev ua phem ntawm Islamic lub xeev, txwv nyob hauv Russia, tau qhia rau Middle East lub tebchaws tias Washington txoj kev nyiam nyob hauv cheeb tsam no tau los txog qhov kawg.
Yog lawm, Moscow txaus siab rau kev xa tawm riam phom, Kozhanov hais txog, tsis yog kev lag luam nkaus xwb. Nrog kev pab ntawm kev muag riam phom, Russia tab tom sim, tsis yog tsis ua tiav, txhawm rau hloov qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hauv cheeb tsam. Nws tau sim qhov no ua ntej. Piv txwv li, kev txiav txim siab tsis muag S-300 cuaj luaj rau Syria xyoo 2012 txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg Ixayees, thiab kev xa cov foob pob hluav taws mus rau Iran xyoo no tau pab coj kev sib tham ntawm Moscow thiab Tehran mus rau qib tshiab, siab dua.
Qhov qhia tawm tseeb ntawm Middle East hauv cov qauv ntawm Russia cov riam phom xa tawm tsis paub. Qhov kwv yees kwv yees yog dav heev - los ntawm 8, 2 txog 37, 5% (1, 2 - 5, 5 txhiab daus las). Txawm hais tias qhov ua tiav tau tiav hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, Russia txoj haujlwm nyob hauv Middle East caj npab lag luam tseem tsis tuaj yeem raug hu ua tsis hloov pauv. Hauv qhov no, kev nyuaj ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab teeb meem kev lag luam muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Kev lag luam caj npab yog qhov zoo hauv cov ntsiab lus geopolitical tseem hais tias nws "sib txuas" cov neeg yuav khoom rau tus muag khoom ntev, vim tias cov cuab yeej yuav khoom yuav tsum tau saib xyuas, nws yuav tsum tau kho thiab kho dua tshiab, nws xav tau cov khoom seem, thiab ntxiv rau. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev rov qab los ntawm Russia mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Nruab Nrab tau tshwm sim thiab tsis tshua muaj leej twg yuav tuaj yeem tsoo nws tawm ntawm qhov ntawd hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej, xaus Suav Tuam Txhab Txhua Hnub.
