Rocket complex RSD-10 "Pioneer"

Rocket complex RSD-10 "Pioneer"
Rocket complex RSD-10 "Pioneer"

Video: Rocket complex RSD-10 "Pioneer"

Video: Rocket complex RSD-10
Video: txiv pheej nkawv txoj kev hlub qab zib thiab loj tiag2 li os 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Xyoo 1988, raws li Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Kev Tshem Tawm ntawm Cov Nruab Nrab-Nruab Nrab thiab Cov Nto Sij Hawm Ntev, Lub Xeev Soviet tau tso ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws npog los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo. Cov kab ke tshiab tshaj plaws nrog lub foob pob nruab nrab, uas yuav tsum tau tso tseg, yog cov txheej txheem ntawm Tsev Neeg Pioneer. Txij li thaum nruab nrab xyoo xya caum, cov kev nyuaj no tau ua kom lub teb chaws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm tawm tsam los ntawm kev tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv tus yam ntxwv, Pioneer complexes tau raug txiav thiab thaum pib ntawm lub nineties tau muab pov tseg.

Rocket complex RSD-10 "Pioneer"
Rocket complex RSD-10 "Pioneer"

SPU 15U106 ntawm 15P645 "Pioneer" complex - SS -20 SABER nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pib ua ntej (yees duab ua los ntawm kev sau "Caj npab ntawm Russia", MilitaryRussia. Ru, 2011)

Kev tsim kho lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab, uas tau txais 15P645 qhov ntsuas thiab lub npe "Pioneer" (tom qab lub npe RSD-10 tau tshwm sim), tau pib xyoo 1971 ntawm Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering (MIT) nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Alexander Davidovich Nadiradze. Cov kws tsim txuj ci yuav tsum tsim lub foob pob hluav taws nruab nrab-tshiab uas muaj peev xwm los tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm thaj tsam li 4500-5000 km, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov txheej txheem foob pob hluav taws, suav nrog lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub log uas muaj log. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim tsim cov txheej txheem foob pob hluav taws, nws tau thov kom coj lub Temp-2S cov foob pob hluav taws sib txuas ua lub hauv paus. Ob theem siab dua ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws uas tau tsim yav dhau los tau siv los ua lub hauv paus rau Pioneer.

MIT tau raug xaiv los ua tus tsim txoj haujlwm tshiab. Ntxiv rau lub koom haum no, Titan Central Design Bureau, Soyuz NPO thiab lwm lub koom haum tau koom nrog tsim ntau yam ntawm cov phiaj xwm cog qoob loo zoo. Raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Plaub Hlis 20, 1973, nws yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov haujlwm tsim thiab pib ntsuas qhov nyuaj los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 74th. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no yog ib qho laj thawj uas coob tus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau raug qiv nrog kev hloov pauv me me los ntawm qhov haujlwm Temp-2C.

Kev sim ntawm Pioneer foob pob hluav taws tshiab tau pib thaum ib nrab xyoo 1974. Kev sim davhlau pib thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 21 ntawm tib lub xyoo. Kev txhim kho thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1976. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 11, 76th, Lub Xeev Lub Xeev tau kos npe rau ib qho kev lees paub ntawm qhov tshiab 16P645 foob pob hluav taws nrog 15Zh45 foob pob los ua haujlwm nrog Cov Phiaj Xwm Cuam Tshuam. Tsis ntev, cov khoom siv tshiab rau cov tub rog tau pib.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm 15P645 Pioneer mobile av foob pob hluav taws yog 15Zh45 lub foob pob hluav taws thiab 15U106 tus kheej tua hluav taws. Xws li kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm txoj haujlwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nqa tawm kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov deb ntawm lub hauv paus thiab, tom qab tau txais kev xaj, tso lub foob pob hluav taws hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.

Lub 15U106 tus kheej-propelled launcher tau tsim los ntawm Volgograd Central Design Bureau "Titan". Lub hauv paus rau lub tsheb no yog MAZ-547V chassis nrog 12x12 log kev teeb tsa. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tshaj 19 m, tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm qhov nyuaj (nrog lub thawv thauj khoom thiab foob pob hluav taws) - 80 tons. Ua tsaug rau 650 hp B-38 diesel cav. lub tsheb 15U106 tuaj yeem nrawm ntawm txoj kev loj mus txog 40 km / s. Nws tau muab los txhawm rau txhawm rau nce qhov nce mus txog 15 °, qhov nqes mus txog 3 m dav thiab hla cov dej thaiv nrog qhov tob tsis ntau tshaj 1, 1 m ford.

Ntawm 15U106 lub foob pob hluav taws, lub tshuab nqa nqa nrog lub tshuab tsav hydraulic tau teeb tsa, tsim los txhawm rau txhim kho kev thauj khoom thiab tso lub thawv (TPK) ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab coj nws mus rau txoj haujlwm ntsug ua ntej tshaj tawm. Lub thawv 15Ya107 tau thov kom ua los ntawm fiberglass txhawb nrog titanium rings. Cov qauv ntawm TPK yog ntau txheej, nrog txheej txheej cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ob lub tog raj kheej fiberglass. Qhov ntev ntawm TPK yog 19 m. Lub npog ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo li lub ntsej muag tau txuas rau pem hauv ntej / sab saud kawg ntawm lub ntim rau ntawm pyrobolts, mus rau tom qab / hauv qab - cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hmoov siab accumulator (PAD), uas tau muab cuaj luaj foob pob hluav taws.

Duab
Duab

Foob pob ua ntxaij 15-45. Ntawm daim duab sab laug koj tuaj yeem pom kev tua ORP ntawm theem ntawm kev sib tsoo lub taub hau, ntawm sab xis - tua ORP ntawm qib 1 ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij. (Dyachok A., Stepanov I., Storen. Qhov nruab nrab-ntau mobile mobile foob pob hluav taws RSD-10 (RT-21M) (SS-20 "Saber"). 2008)

Kev tso tawm ntawm Pioneer cuaj luaj ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua los ntawm qhov hu ua. txoj kev txias. Cov khoom raug tshem tawm los ntawm TPK vim yog cov hmoov them hauv qab ntawm lub ntim. Rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, PAD lub cev tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib feem cylindrical txuas rau TPK thiab lub khob thim rov qab uas nyob hauv nws. Thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm, lub siab ntawm PAD cov roj av yuav tsum tau ua rau lub foob pob hluav taws, thiab tseem thawb lub khob ntawm lub hull. Kev nqes mus rau hauv av, ntu no yuav tsum yog kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau TPK. Thaum muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm cov hmoov uas muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem lub foob pob hluav taws, lub iav thim rov qab yuav tsum tsoo thiab tso cov pa roj hauv TPK.

Sab hauv kev thauj khoom thiab tso lub thawv, foob pob hluav taws ntawm Pioneer complex tau tuav los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kev txhawb nqa-ua txoj siv sia (OVP), uas tseem ua haujlwm ua obturator. Tam sim ntawd tom qab cov foob pob hluav taws tawm ntawm lub thawv ORP, lawv tau thim rov qab thiab ya mus rau ntawm qhov tsawg kawg 150-170 m, uas tau txwv qee yam kev txwv ntawm kev koom tes ntawm pab pawg foob pob ua haujlwm los ntawm ib qhov chaw. Txhawm rau kom zam kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom ib puag ncig, TPK npog raug rho tawm tau txuas nrog lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub cable thiab yuav tsum poob nyob ze ib puag ncig ntawm nws.

Thawj cov mos txwv tsim los ua ib feem ntawm Pioneer project yog 15-45 qhov nruab nrab-ntau lub foob pob. Nws tau tsim nrog kev siv dav ntawm kev txhim kho thiab cov khoom ntawm Temp-2S cov foob pob hluav taws, uas tau tsim tawm ua ntej. Kev tsim ntawm 15Zh45 foob pob hluav taws muaj ob theem kev txhawb nqa, theem kev yug me nyuam thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Nrog rau qhov ntev tag nrho ntawm 16, 5 m, lub foob pob hluav taws tau hnyav txog 37 tons, pov qhov hnyav ntawm 1.6 tons.

Thawj theem ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws nrog qhov ntev ntawm 8.5 m thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 26.6 tons tau nruab nrog 15D66 cov khoom siv roj nrog lub cev fiberglass hull uas siv cov roj sib xyaw. Txhawm rau txo qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, lub taub hau ntawm thawj lub cav tau ib nrab tau tso rau hauv nws lub tsev. Nws tau thov kom tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav siv roj-dav hlau rudders ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv tshav kub. Cov rudders no tau txuas ua ke nrog lub dav hlau dav hlau rudders nyob ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Lub cav tau kaw qhov system.

Kev tsim qauv ntawm theem ob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 4, 6 m thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 8, 6 tons tau zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm thawj theem. Cov theem tseem ceeb thib ob tau nruab nrog lub cav 15D205 cov khoom siv roj nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm ib nrab. Txhawm rau hloov qhov ntau ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws, theem ob tau txais lub zog txiav tawm, tsim dua tshiab, thiab tsis qiv los ntawm txoj haujlwm yav dhau los. Kev tswj dav hlau ntawm theem thib ob tau ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pa roj av.

The 15Zh45 foob pob ua ntxaij theem tau nruab nrog plaub 15D69P cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog nrog lub taub hau tig. Cov cav me me tau nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov chaw yug me nyuam, hauv qab lub taub hau. Cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 15Zh45 foob pob hluav taws muaj peb tus kheej coj ua lub taub hau nuclear nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 150 kt txhua. Lub taub hau taub hau tau nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab muab lub taub hau foob pob ua ntxaij. Txhais tau tias kev kov yeej kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws tsis tau xav txog.

Lub 15Zh45 lub foob pob tau txais qhov txheej txheem inertial tsim los ntawm Moscow Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Khoom Koom Haum rau Automation thiab Kev Ntsuas. Kev tswj hwm tau ua raws lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub rooj tsav tsheb thiab lub platform ruaj khov. Lub peev xwm ntawm kev tswj hwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau lub davhlau ua haujlwm ua ntej nqa lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau txoj haujlwm ntsug, thiab tseem muab lub peev xwm ya mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia, tsis hais txog ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Thaum lub davhlau, kev tswj hwm ntawm lub nkoj tau siv ob-theem rudders thiab cov tshuab ua kom qis qis txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho txoj kev ya davhlau.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, 15Zh45 lub foob pob tuaj yeem xa peb lub taub hau ua lub taub hau ntawm thaj tsam li 4,700 km. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim (CEP) tsis tshaj 550 m.

Kev tso lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm Pioneer complex tuaj yeem nqa tawm ob qho los ntawm thaj chaw npaj qhib thiab los ntawm Krona cov qauv tiv thaiv. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov chaw nkaum uas tsis pom zoo nrog lub qhov rooj ntawm ob qho kawg. Thaum ua haujlwm, lub foob pob ntawm Pioneer tuaj yeem hu rau hauv cov qauv no thiab tos kev xaj. Ua ntej tshaj tawm, lub ru tsev ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau poob nrog kev pab los ntawm squibs, tom qab uas suav qhov nyuaj yuav tsum tau nqa los ntawm TPK nrog lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lwm yam kev npaj ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua. Rau kev zais, cov qauv ntawm "Krona" tau nruab nrog lub qhov cub hluav taws xob. Cov qauv nrog cov ncu ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw infrared muaj qhov zoo ib yam li "Krona" nrog lub foob pob hluav taws sab hauv. Tus naj npawb loj ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ua rau nws nyuaj rau taug qab Pioneer cov foob pob hluav taws uas siv kev soj ntsuam lub hnub qub.

Txawm hais tias nyob qhov twg, cov txheej txheem tshaj tawm zoo ib yam. Thaum tuaj txog ntawm txoj haujlwm, kev suav yuav tsum tau dai lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub jacks thiab npaj foob pob ua ntxaij rau kev tso tawm. Txhua qhov kev npaj ua haujlwm tau ua tiav tom qab cov lus txib tsim nyog. Thaum npaj rau kev xa tawm, TPK lub hau tau raug tua thiab lub khob tau nce mus rau txoj haujlwm ntsug. Thaum tsim tawm, PAD cov pa tau txawb lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau qhov siab txog 30 m, tom qab ntawd OVP raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab thawj lub cav tseem ceeb tau pib.

Lub 15P645 Pioneer mobile av foob pob hluav taws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1976. Kev tsim cov foob pob hluav taws tau pib ib xyoos ua ntej ntawm Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Thawj pab tub rog, ua tiav nrog Cov Pioneer, tau ua lub luag haujlwm thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1976. Missile systems "Pioneer" tau ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj tsam sib txawv ntawm USSR, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm "khaws ntawm rab phom" ntau lub hom phiaj hauv Europe, Asia thiab qee qhov ntawm North America. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Pioneer complexes ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho tau ua haujlwm feem ntau nyob sab Europe ntawm Soviet Union. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tau xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Urals yeej tsis ntau dua li kaum ob. Cov cuaj luaj tshiab tau hloov cov riam phom uas tsis siv lawm hauv cov tub rog, xws li R-14 cov foob pob.

Nws tau paub tias xyoo dhau los ntawm kev pabcuam Pioneer complexes hauv cov phiaj xwm foob pob hluav taws, 190 tau tsim tawm. Txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm tau ua tiav yam tsis ua haujlwm loj lossis raug xwm txheej thiab xaus nrog kev poob ntawm lub taub hau hauv thaj chaw.

Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov pom ntawm cov dav hlau nruab nrab nruab nrab tshiab los ntawm Soviet Union ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov tiag tiag hauv kev coj ua ntawm NATO lub tebchaws. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm North Atlantic Alliance, Pioneer complex tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe SS-20 Saber. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tau paub txog kev muaj lub npe tsis raug cai "Thunderstorm of Europe", vim yog cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Thaum ua tiav txoj kev txhim kho ntawm 15Zh45 foob pob hluav taws, kev koom ua ke ntawm ntau lub koom haum coj los ntawm Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob pib txhim kho cov khoom no. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1979, kev sim dav hlau ntawm kev hloov kho 15Zh53 foob pob hluav taws pib. Kev sim thiab kho lub foob pob hluav taws tau siv li ib xyoos. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1980, 15P653 "Pioneer-2" lossis "Pioneer-UTTH" ("Txhim kho cov cuab yeej thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo") nyuaj nrog 15Zh53 foob pob hluav taws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam.

Thawj zaug thiab theem ob ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws niaj hnub tseem zoo ib yam. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam tsuas yog chav tswj hwm, uas tau nyob hauv lub tsev ntawm theem yug me nyuam. Kev siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab uas yog ib feem ntawm kev tswj hwm ua rau nws txo qis CEP rau 450 m. Ntxiv rau, qee qhov chaw hais txog kev siv cov tshuab ua kom zoo dua qub ntxiv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce qhov kev tso cai nrug nruab nrab ntawm cov hom phiaj.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-yim caum, USSR thiab Asmeskas, paub txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm cov foob pob nruab nrab thiab luv luv, pib sib tham, lub hom phiaj uas yuav yog kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb tshiab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sab laj no yog Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Kev Raug Tshem Tawm ntawm Cov Nruab Nrab-Nruab Nrab thiab Cov Hluav Taws Xob-Ntev, tau kos npe thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1987 thiab nkag mus siv tau thaum ib nrab xyoo 1988. Qhov kev pom zoo cuam tshuam qhov kev tso tseg tag nrho ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws nrog kev tua ntau ntawm 500 txog 5500 km. RSD-10 / 15P645 / 15P653 "Pioneer" complexes poob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus, vim qhov uas lawv tau pib ua pov tseg.

Ntau tshaj 520 Pioneer tus kheej-propelled launchers tau tshaj tawm tias tau tsim nyob rau ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, txawm hais tias thaum lub sijhawm kos npe pom zoo, tsuas yog siv 405 lub foob pob nrog 405 lub foob pob. Hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd muaj 650 lub foob pob. Raws li qhov kev pom zoo, thaum kawg xyoo 1988, Pioneer complexes tau pib raug tshem tawm ntawm lub luag haujlwm thiab muab pov tseg. Cov foob pob zaum kawg, lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lwm yam ntawm 15P645 thiab 15P653 txoj haujlwm tau raug puas ntsoog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1991.

Tam sim no, plaub lub foob pob thiab TPK nyuaj "Pioneer" yog cov khoom pov thawj hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Ob qhov piv txwv tau khaws cia hauv Ukrainian tsev khaws puav pheej: hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Tub Rog-Keeb Kwm Huab Cua ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Ukraine (Vinnitsa) thiab hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Great Patriotic War (Kiev). Ob daim ntawv ntxiv yog nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias: hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Nruab Nrab ntawm Cov Tub Rog (Moscow) thiab hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kapustin Yar thaj chaw kawm (Znamensk). Ib qho ntxiv, ntau 15-45 cuaj luaj los ua tsev khaws khoom pov thawj. Tus so ntawm lub foob pob thiab foob pob hluav taws raug rhuav tshem.

Duab
Duab

Lub Pioneer foob pob hluav taws tau pom qhov txawv los ntawm nws txoj kev txav mus los tau zoo, nws tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau hauv qhov kev tawm tsam sai thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb dua. Qhov dav ntawm Pioneer missile yog 5,500 kilometers. Lub taub hau tuaj yeem nqa lub zog nuclear nrog lub peev xwm ntawm ib megaton.

Tau qhov twg los: Infographics: Leonid Kuleshov / Artem Lebedev / Nikita Mityunin / RG

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